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04 Non-Pilot Protection of Transmission Lines PDF

This document discusses nonpilot overcurrent protection of transmission lines. It describes that for short lines, it is difficult to set relay protection without overreaching into the next line segment. Long lines can be set to reach further down the line but have difficulty distinguishing between fault and load current. The document outlines various protective devices available including fuses, sectionalizers, reclosers, instantaneous overcurrent, inverse time-delay overcurrent, directional overcurrent, distance, and pilot protection. It provides details on the operation and characteristics of current-limiting fuses, sectionalizers, reclosers, and inverse time-delay overcurrent relays.

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AHMED BILAL
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275 views9 pages

04 Non-Pilot Protection of Transmission Lines PDF

This document discusses nonpilot overcurrent protection of transmission lines. It describes that for short lines, it is difficult to set relay protection without overreaching into the next line segment. Long lines can be set to reach further down the line but have difficulty distinguishing between fault and load current. The document outlines various protective devices available including fuses, sectionalizers, reclosers, instantaneous overcurrent, inverse time-delay overcurrent, directional overcurrent, distance, and pilot protection. It provides details on the operation and characteristics of current-limiting fuses, sectionalizers, reclosers, and inverse time-delay overcurrent relays.

Uploaded by

AHMED BILAL
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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04.

Nonpilot overcurrent protection of


transmission lines

EE-423
Power System Protection
Nauman Ahmad
Assistant professor,
UMT Lahore.
Short vs Long Line
 For a short line, there is very little
difference in current magnitude for
a fault at one end of the line
compared to a fault at the other. It
is then difficult to set a relay so
that it only protects its own line
and does not overreach into the
next.
 Long line can be set easily to
reach well into its own line
segment without overreaching, but
the further it ‘sees’, the closer the
fault current magnitude
approaches load current, and the
ability to make this important
distinction is more difficult.
Protective devices available for transmission
line protection
 Fuses
 Sectionalizers, reclosers
 Instantaneous overcurrent
 Inverse, time delay overcurrent
 Directional overcurrent
 Distance
 Pilot
Current-Limiting (CL) fuses
 A CL fuse consists of one or more silver wire or ribbon
elements suspended in an envelope filled with sand.
 When operating against a high current, the fusible element
melts almost instantaneously over all its length. The resulting
arc loses its heat energy rapidly to the surrounding sand. The
rapid loss of heat energy limits the current to a small value
known as the ‘let-through’ current.
 Minimum melt is the time between initiation of a current
large enough to cause the current-responsive element to melt
and the instant when arcing occurs.
 Total clearing time (TCT): = minimum melt + arcing time.
Current-Limiting (CL) fuses
 Continuous load is the maximum current that is expected for
three hours or more and for which the fuse will not be
damaged.
 Hot load is the amount that can be carried continuously,
interrupted and immediately re-energized without blowing.
 Cold load, follows a 30-minute outage, and is the high
current, that is the result of a loss of diversity, when service is
restored.
 Since the fuse will also cool down during this period, the cold-load
pickup and the hot-load pickup may approach similar values.
Sectionalizer, Recloser
 A sectionalizer cannot interrupt a fault. It ‘counts’ the number
of times it ‘sees’ fault current and opens after a preset
number while the circuit is de-energized.
 A recloser has limited fault-interrupting capability and
recloses automatically in a programmed sequence.
Fuses, sectionalizers, reclosers
Feeder-to-feeder switching
 Feeder-to-feeder switching provides a backup source in the
event a substation transformer is out of service or a segment
of the distribution system must be de-energized.
Inverse, time-delay overcurrent relays
 Example 4.1.

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