International Journal of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering (2393-8609)

Volume *– No.*, ___________ 2016

Thrust Efficiency of Drones (Quadcopter) with Different

Propellers and There Payload Capacity

Shubham Yadav Monika Sharma Abhishek Borad

Punjab technical university Punjab technical university Punjab technical university
B.tech /aerospace engineering B.tech /aeronautical engineering B.tech /aerospace engineering
Shubhamyaduvansi221@ Monasharma2014.ms86 Boradabhishek84@gmail.
gmail.com @gmail.com Com

ABSTRACT We know that bigger propeller gives us more thrust

This paper contains ananalysis of the different size of the effectiveness in compression to smaller one. We will get
propeller on manual and autonomous controlled QUAD – suggested prop value in the brushless motor specification, so
we should go with it but what if the value of props is not
copter + TRI-copter separately. To check which propeller is
given. We will see kind of table with different props, Volts,
more efficient to provide more thrust to carrying more Amp, Thrust and Efficiency. Here we shall have to try trial and
Payloads at the same power supply and also find the thrust to error method. But it doesn’t mean we swing 13×3.8 prop on
weight ratio for same configuration models to increase 1700kV motor. Lower kV motor can deal with a bigger prop.
performance. With increasing kV value size of the prop will be decreased.
So we shall have to keep this in mind. For quadcopter, we
Keywords: drone configuration, propellers details, power should go with low pitch prop if we need more stability and
consumption, thrust -weight ratio, thrust efficiency with fewer vibrations. Here we use some basic formulas to
calculate the thrust-weight ratio, flight timing, payload,
different propellers.
propeller thrust and their distribution on the multi-rotor
quad.
.General Terms
There are some general terms which are used in drone
technology mathematical term i.e. ηp = propeller efficiency, T
= thrust, u = aircraft speed Shaft.

Propeller efficiency can be measured against advance ratio (J),

the ratio of forward to rotational speed of the propeller,

Where V is forward speed of aircraft, n is the propeller

rotation speed in revs/sec and D is the diameter of the
propeller

1. INTRODUCTION:
we are going to test different sized propellers on our quad
copter‘s which having weight 850grm to 2kg weight without
any payload. We Paddled (Changing of propellers) with 1.1 Mathematical formulae used in
motors which give us different -2 performance graph of calculation-
thrust efficiency.Different types of drone have different Quadcopter flight times = (Battery Capacity * Battery
application purpose. Quad copter Efficiency and also find out Discharge /Average Amp Draw)*60Thrust=2x Total weight
their flight time endurance. of model
propeller efficiency =up= T∗u / P shaft

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 International Journal of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering (2393-8609)
Volume *– No.*, ___________ 2016

Where: ηp = propeller efficiency, T = thrust, u = aircraft speed

Shaft
1.2 EXPERIMENTAL SECTION:
Propeller efficiency can be measured against advance ratio (J),
Quadcopter Propeller size for reference:
the ratio of forward to rotational speed of the propeller,
Type of prop is important as well, but we will see the effect
of diameter and pitch on a flight of Quad copter. In general,
we see Quad copter Propeller size with the specification of
60 Rev below table
olution In general,we use maximum propellers size from 4 to 12 inch
Diam in RC drones. Here we consider from 7 to 12 inch propeller,
s(Inch/
eter I Pitch Inch but you can calculate propeller configuration from above
Sec) data or formula.
nch
60 *
Pitch Now we calculate some thrust with power consumption and
motor rpm at different- different RPM with throttle
percentage. Here we use thrust and power consumptions
7 3.5 210
formula.

8 4.5 270 Motor Thrust Data table

9 5 300

10 3.8 228
Volts Props Throttle Amps Watts RPM Thrust (g)
10 4.5 270 11.1 9443 30% 1.8 21.78 4780 187
11.1 9443 45% 3.2 38.72 5811 282
10 6 360 11.1 9443 65% 5.6 67.76 6906 438
11.1 9443 75% 7.6 91.96 7676 542
11 4.7 282 11.1 9443 100% 11.2 135.52 8498 706
11.1 10*5 30% 1.3 15.73 3821 108
12 3.8 228
11.1 10*5 45% 3.4 41.14 5385 285
11.1 10*5 65% 10.8 130.68 7985 661
11.1 10*5 75% 12.4 150.04 8313 737
11.1 10*5 100% 12.4 150.04 8325 734

Where V is the forward speed of aircraft, n is the propeller

rotation speed in revs/sec and D is the diameter of the
propeller.
Thrust- weight ratio= total thrust of all motors/ total weight Here I used ecalc.com for complex calculation and graphs for
of model motor characteristics and efficiency thrust limitation as
shown below:-
Payload Capacity = (Motor thrust * Number of motors *
Hover Throttle %) –The weight of the model itself.

Power consumption = Amps x Volts = Watts AUW (all up

weight) = 1/2 thrust (around)

1 amp (Continuous current of 1 amp) = 1000 mah

These above formula used in calculation analysis.

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International Journal of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering (2393-8609)
Volume *– No.*, ___________ 2016

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International Journal of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering (2393-8609)
Volume *– No.*, ___________ 2016

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 International Journal of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering (2393-8609)
Volume *– No.*, ___________ 2016

Quad copter suggestions – related to Lipo

1.3 RESULT: Quad copter Type Lipo Batteries
After doing all calculation, we can see that with different
propellers motors give different amount of thrust at varying Mini quad Lipo 80-800mAh 1s/2s
throttle we calculate thrust of propeller 9443 which gives 706 180 Lipo 1000mah/1300mAh 3S/4S
gram thrust on 100% throttle the other hand 1045 gives
737grm thrust at full throttle 1045 gives 31grm more thrust 210 Lipo 1000mah/1300mAh 3S/4S
with same motor configuration. It defines that if we want to 250 Lipo 1300-1800mAh 3s/4s
improve our thrust efficiency to carry more payload .so we
280/290 Lipo 1500-3300mAh 3s
need large propeller instead of smaller one. And also need to
more power source to increase flight timing of quad. 330/360 Lipo 2200-3200mah 4s
400 Lipo 3200-3300mah 4S
1.4 Conclusion: 450 Lipo 3300mAh 4S
Before DIY Quad copter, you should clearly know what you 500 Lipo 3300-5000mAh 4s
want? How to looking the right components and put them
Together on one frame and make sure everything is set up
540 Lipo 5000-5200mAh 4s
correctly. The point is to choose the right motor and propeller 550/650/750mm Lipo 5000-8000mAh 4s/5s/6s
And match each other in the process of making quad or any 800mm or big Lipo 8000mah-30000mah 6s
drone. You can use above formula for your one. And take my
calculation as a reference.
Some other example of drone thrust requirement with power
consumption Shown below-

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 International Journal of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering (2393-8609)
Volume *– No.*, ___________ 2016

Quad-copter frame and Lipo battery and motor and propeller size matching table

Frame Size Prop Size Motor Size Motor KV Lipo battery

120mm or smaller 3 inch 1104 – 1105 4000KV+ 80-800mAh 1s/2s
150mm – 160mm 3-4 inch 1306 – 1407 3000KV+ 600-900mAh 2s/3s
180mm 4 inch 1806 – 2204 2600KV+ 1000-1300mAh 3s/4s
210mm 5 inch 2204 – 2206 2300KV-2700KV 1000-1300mAh 3s/4s
250mm 6 inch 2204 – 2208 2000KV-2300KV 1300-1800mAh 3s/4s
330mm – 350mm 7, 8 inch 2208 – 2212 1500KV-1600KV 2200-3200mah 3s/4s
450mm – 500mm 9,10,11 inch 2212 – 2216 800KV-1000KV 3300mAh 4s or +

Famous comparison chart for Quadcopter power consumption

Drone Power consumption Flight Time Take-off Weight

Phantom 2 5.6W 25 mins 1.3kg MAX

Typhoon Q500 10W 25 mins 1.7kg

Typhoon H 16W 22 mins 1.8kg

MG-1 6400 W 10 mins 22.5 kg

1.5 FUTURE SCOPE: [4]

I. For right combination of propeller and http://a.moirier.free.fr/A%E9rodynamique/Bouquins/Anders

motor above calculation clarify all doubt. [5]On/Anderson%20~%20Fundamentals%20of%20Aerodyna

II. For any electric motor thrust, you can use mics%20.pdf
above formulas. When you use fuel as a
[6] ECalc - propCalc - the most reliable Propeller Calculator on
power, then some other terms will be
the Web
utilized like fuel consumption rate, etc.
[7] RC hobbies.com.

1.6REFERENCES
[1] John Anderson aerodynamics -2 book

[2] Quad Articles of hobbyking.com

[3] http://www.rcdronegood.com/quadcopter-battery-
calculator-flight-times/