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Dynamometer - 1

1. A dynamometer is a device used to measure the torque and power of an engine. It works as a brake to absorb the engine's energy and measure the frictional resistance. 2. There are two main types: absorption dynamometers that convert the engine's energy to heat, and transmission dynamometers that transmit the energy to do work elsewhere. 3. A Prony brake is a simple absorption dynamometer that uses wooden blocks and weights on a lever to absorb the engine's torque, allowing calculation of brake power from the torque and rpm.

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Vishal Bhatt
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627 views3 pages

Dynamometer - 1

1. A dynamometer is a device used to measure the torque and power of an engine. It works as a brake to absorb the engine's energy and measure the frictional resistance. 2. There are two main types: absorption dynamometers that convert the engine's energy to heat, and transmission dynamometers that transmit the energy to do work elsewhere. 3. A Prony brake is a simple absorption dynamometer that uses wooden blocks and weights on a lever to absorb the engine's torque, allowing calculation of brake power from the torque and rpm.

Uploaded by

Vishal Bhatt
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Dynamometer

A dynamometer is a brake but in addition it has a device to measure the frictional resistance. Knowing
the frictional resistance, we may obtain the torque transmitted and hence the power of the engine.

Types of Dynamometers
Following are the two types of dynamometers, used for measuring the brake power of an engine.
1. Absorption dynamometers, and
2. Transmission dynamometers.

In the absorption dynamometers, the entire energy or power produced by the engine is absorbed by
the friction resistances of the brake and is transformed into heat, during the process of measurement.

But in the transmission dynamometers, the energy is not wasted in friction but is used for doing
work. The energy or power produced by the engine is transmitted through the dynamometer
to some other machines where the power developed is suitably measured.

Classification of Absorption Dynamometers

The following two types of absorption dynamometers are important from the subject point
of view :
1. Prony brake dynamometer, and 2. Rope brake dynamometer.

Prony Brake Dynamometer

A simplest form of an absorption type dynamometer is a prony brake dynamometer, as shown in Fig. It
consists of two wooden blocks placed around a pulley fixed to the shaft of an engine whose power is
required to be measured. The blocks are clamped by means of two bolts and nuts, as shown in Fig. A
helical spring is provided between the nut and the upper block to adjust the pressure on the pulley to
control its speed. The upper block has a long lever attached to it and carries a weight W at its outer end.
A counter weight is placed at the other end of the lever which balances the brake when unloaded. Two
stops S, S are provided to limit the motion of the lever.

When the brake is to be put in operation, the long end of the lever is loaded with suitable weights W and
the nuts are tightened until the engine shaft runs at a constant speed and the lever is in horizontal
position. Under these conditions, the moment due to the weight W must balance the moment of the
frictional resistance between the blocks and the pulley.

Let
W = Weight at the outer end of the lever in newtons,
L = Horizontal distance of the weight W
from the centre of the pulley in metres,
F = Frictional resistance between the blocks
and the pulley in newtons,
R = Radius of the pulley in metres, and
N = Speed of the shaft in r.p.m.
We know that the moment of the frictional resistance
or torque on the shaft,
T = W.L = F.R N-m
Work done in one revolution
= Torque × Angle turned in radians
= T 2 N-m
Work done per minute
= T 2πN N-m

We know that brake power of the engine,


B.P. = Work done per min./ 60
= T 2πN/60
= W.L. 2πN/60 (watt)

Notes : 1. From the above expression, we see that while determining the brake power of engine with the help
of a prony brake dynamometer, it is not necessary to know the radius of the pulley, the coefficient of friction
between the wooden blocks and the pulley and the pressure exerted by tightening of the nuts.
2. When the driving torque on the shaft is not uniform, this dynamometer is subjected to severe oscillations.

Rope Brake Dynamometer

It is another form of absorption type dynamometer which is most commonly used for measuring the brake
power of the engine. It consists of one, two or more ropes wound around the flywheel or rim of a pulley
fixed rigidly to the shaft of an engine. The upper end of the ropes is attached to a spring balance while the
lower end of the ropes is kept in position by applying a dead weight as shown in Fig.
In order to prevent the slipping of the rope over the flywheel, wooden blocks are placed at intervals
around the circumference of the flywheel.
In the operation of the brake, the engine is made to run at a constant speed. The frictional torque, due to
the rope, must be equal to the torque being transmitted by the engine.

Let
W = Dead load in newtons,
S = Spring balance reading in newtons,
D = Diameter of the wheel in metres,
d = diameter of rope in metres, and
N = Speed of the engine shaft in r.p.m.
Net load on the brake
=(W–S)N
We know that distance moved in one revolution
= π(Dd)m

Work done per revolution


= (W S)π(D d ) N-m and work done per minute
= (W-S) π(D d ) N N-m

Brake power of the engine, B.P= Work done per


min /60 B.P= (W-S) π(D d ) N/60 watts


Problem –

In a laboratory experiment, the following data were recorded with rope brake: Diameter of the flywheel
1.2 m; diameter of the rope 12.5 mm; speed of the engine 200 r.p.m.; dead load on the brake 600 N;
spring balance reading 150 N. Calculate the brake power of the engine.

Solution.
Given data :
D = 1.2 m ;
d = 12.5 mm= 0.0125 m ;
N = 200 r.p.m ;
W=600N;
S=150N
We know that
brake power of the engine,
B.P = (W-S) π(D d ) N/60 watts

= (600- 150)π (1.2 +0.0125)200/60

B.P. =5715 W
= 5.715 kW Ans.

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