YAYIN OB

STD ( Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Infections ) 2. TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS

1. CANDIDIASIS  Caused by protozoa which thrives best in alkaline

medium
 Candida ( yeast ) infecting esophagus
 Found in the vagina and urethra
 also known as “yeast infection” or “fungal infection”
 present in the body in small amount TRICHOMONIASIS
 lives in mouth and GI tract  IS A PARASITIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES, USUALLY
 Candida Albicans - fungi transmitted sexually, w/c is found in

Assessment :
Signs & Symptoms :
FEMALE  Trichomonads typically appear as rounded, mobile
structures.
 Vulvar reddening  Be aware that Trichomonas infections cause such
 Itching inflammatory changes in the cervix or vagina that a Pap
 Burning Urination Test taken during this time may be misinterpreted as
 Thick, white, cheese like vaginal discharge showing abnormal tissue.

MALE SIGNS & SYMPTOMS:

 Itchy rash on the penis  profuse foamy / frothy white to greenish vaginal
 Burning sensation upon urination discharge
 redness of the vulva
Diagnosis :  pruritus ( extreme itchiness )
 Genital swab taken from the affected area  painful urination
 dyspareunia (painful coitus)
Therapy / Treatment
Trichomonas on Pregnancy:
 ANTIMYCOTICS (anti fungal drugs)
-Nystatin or miconazole ( Monistat )  can cause premature rupture of membranes and pre-
- Fluconazole (Diflucan) term birth
- Sodium bicarbonate relieve pruritus. Diagnosis :

 FLUCONAZOLE (Diflucan)  wet mount culture

 genital swab for culture and sensitivity test
Classification : antifungal agent > Vaginitis Test (wet mount) : a sample of vaginal
Action: fungicidal or fungostatic action discharge is taken and a slide made for microscopic
Pregnancy Category : C examination.
Dosage : 150 mg orally as a single dose
Possible Adverse Effects : Nausea, vomiting; MANAGEMENT & TREATMENT :
diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache.
 acidic douche may be used for control
 treated for 7 days with METRONIDAZOLE (flagyl)
 alcohol with flagyl causes severe GI upset
 both sexual partner must seek treatment
 advise use of condoms during intercourse

3. BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS
YAYIN OB
 caused by an invasion of an organism such as  incubation period begin after a 2 to 7 day
Gardnerella Vaginalis.  in males, they include urethritis ( pain on urination and
 thrives in the vagina, a body area with a reduced oxygen frequency of urination ) and a urethral discharge.
level.  although symptoms of gonorrhoea in femals are not as
 vaginal discharge is milk-white to grey and has a fishlike visible, there may be a slight yellowish vaginal discharge.
odour.  an infant can contract gonorrhoea in the birth canal
 intense pruritus. from its mother.
 this leads frequently to gonorrheal ophthalmia.
Diagnosis :
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS :
 microscopic examination shows gram-negative rods
adhering to vaginal epithelial cells, which are termed clue  profuse purulent and yellowish vaginal discharge
cells.  pruritus
 usually asymptomatic
Treatment:
 menstrual irregularities
 Metronidazole 500 mg, 1 tab 2x / day for 7 days  pelvic pain
 Ampicillin 500 mg, 1 tab 4x / day
DIAGNOSIS :
 if pregnant: clotrimazole
 Thayer Martin cultures
4. SYPHILIS
 urine culture for the gonococcal bacillus
 caused by a spirochete Treponema Pallidum  vaginal and urethral cultures
 it is transmitted by sexual contact
MANAGEMENT & TREAMENT :
 10 – 90 days incubation period
 IM injection of Ceftriaxone plus Oral Doxycycline for 7
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS :
days.
 Painless  Sexual partners should receive same treatment
 contagious sore  24 hours after treatment, gonorrhoea is no longer
 Chancre infectious.
 Lymphadenopathy
VIRAL TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS:

SECONDARY SYMPTOMS : 1. VAGINAL MONILIASIS

 Maculopapular rash on palms and soles
 caused by a yeast that thrives best in acidic medium
 Malaise
 causes thick, cheesy, white patches on vaginal wall
 Rash
 may be passed to fetus during delivery and cause ORAL
 Alopecia
THRUSH in the newborn
TERTIARY  ALKALINE DOUCH may be used for control.
 CNS
TREATMENT :
 Cardiovascular changes
 Topical Nystatin ( Mycostatin )
 Gumma Lesions
 Gentian Violet
DIAGNOSIS :  Clotimazole
 Clotrimazole ( Gynelotrimin )
 Dark-Field examination
 Serologic Test
 Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) Test
 Rapid plasma reagent test (RPR)

TREATMENT :
-Antibiotic PENICILLIN
- Erythromycin if with allergy to penicillin.
2. CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS INFECTION
5. GONORRHEA
 most common bacterial cause of STI
 caused by Neisseria Gonorrhea
YAYIN OB
 heavy , grayish – white discharge and vulvar itching. - placental transfer
 can cause eye infection of pneumonia in the new born. - possibly through breastmilk
 incubation period : 1 to 5 weeks
 DIAGNOSIS
- ELISA TEST ( enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay)
DIAGNOSIS :
PREGNANCY CATEGORIES
 made by culture of the organism
- A : Safe
THERAPY : - B : Safe
- C : Congenital Problems baby at birth
 Doxycycline or tetracycline for 7 days. -D:
3. GENITAL WARTS (HPV) - X : Methotrexate ( abortive )

 caused by the human papillomavirus ( HPV )

 rapidly growing structures on the vulva, vagina or cervix
 Large growths can become cancerous
 small growthsmay be removed by applying podophyllin.

4. HERPES GENITALIS

 caused by herpes virus hominis type 2 ( also called

herpes simplex virus type 2, or HSV-2)
 there is no known cure
 the disease involves a lifelong process
 the virus is spread by skin-to-skin contact, entering
through a break in the skin or mucous membrane.
 causes painful vaginal vesicles.
 prevention : CS delivery during active infection
 Acyclovir ( Zovirax ) reduces duration and deverity of
exacerbation.

5. HEPATITIS B
 caused by hepatitis B virus transmitted through blood
and body fluid ( semen )
 Acute infection effects :
- permanent liver damage or carcinoma in pregnancy
maternal-infant transmission
- prenatal : transplacental transmissions which may cause
spontaneous abortion or preterm labor
- Intranatal and postnatal : transmission thru
contaminated surfaces and breastmilk or colostrum

6. HIV – AIDS
 HIV is carried by semen as well as other body fluids, so
infection with this virus is considered an STI
 Caused by RETROVIRUS human immunodeficiency virus (
HIV ) that infects helper T – lymphocytes ( T4 cellls ) –
present in infected person’s blood, semen and other
body fluids.

 MODES OF TRANSMISSION:
- sexual contact
- contaminated blood and blood products