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STDs

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Mukund Chauhan
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19 views39 pages

STDs

Uploaded by

Mukund Chauhan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE DURING

PREGNANCY

Presented by :- GUIDED BY :-
Nayna Chaudhary • Ms Darjilinkanmoni
4th BSc nursing • Assist professor
Jcn bhandu • OBG nursing
• Jcn bhandu
Inside the chapter

• Definition of sexually transmitted disease


• Various types of STDs and their causative organisms
• Assessment of STDs
1. history taking
2. Physical examination
3. Diagnostic tests
• gonorrhoea
• Syphilis
• Chlamydial infection
• Genital warts
Definition of STDs

• Sexually transmitted disease are the disease that


transmit from one person to another by sexual
intercourse
Various types of STDs and their causative
organisms

Name of the disease Causative organisms


1. Syphilis 1. Treponema pallidum
2. Gonorrhoea 2. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
3. lymphogranuloma venereum 3. Chlamydia trachomatis
4. Donovanosis 4. Calymmatobacterium
granulomatis
5. Chancroid
5. Haemophilus Ducreyi
6. Genital herpes
6. Human papilloma virus
Cont…..

1. AIDS • Hiv
2. HEPATITIS B • Hepatitis b virus
3. Vaginitis • Trichomonas vaginalis.
-: Candida albicans
4. Genital molluscum • Molluscum contagiosum
contagiosum
• Mycoplasma hominis
5. Mycoplasma infection
6. Monilial vaginitis • Candida albicans
7. Scabies • Sarcoptes scabiei
ASSESSMENT OF STDs

• History taking
• Physical examination
• Diagnostic test
(A). History taking

1. Identification data
2. H/o present illness
3. H/o past illness
:- previous hospitalization
:- any previous surgery etc..
4. Family history
5. Personal history
6. Sexually history
7. Obstetricle history
(B) PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

• Assessment of vital sign


• Presence of lymphadenopathy
• Enlargement of lymph nodes
• Presence of genital ulcers
• Presence of abnormal discharge from vagina
• Presence of skin rash
• Colour of skin
• Splenomegaly
• Hepatomegaly etc..
(C) Diagnostic test

1. Blood examination
2. ELISA
3. Assessment of hepatitis b antigen antibody system in
blood
4. Western blot test
5. VDRL test
6. Treponema pallidum Immobilization Test
7. Examinationn of urethral or cervical swab
GONORRHOEA

• Gonorrhoeae is a bacterial sexually transmitted


disease (STDs) Which can cause serious health
problems such as infertility both in males and
females
• It is a serious infection of the genital tract.
• Sometimes this infection is also known as “ clap ”
Incubation period
Causes :-

• Becterial infection caused


by
• NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE

2-4 days
Clinical manifestation

• Mainly asymptomatic
• In symptomatic cases following clinical features may present :
1. Unusual vaginal discharges
2. Thick green or Yellow discharge
3. Pain in lower abdomen
4. Painful urination
5. In some Cases, bleeding in between periods
DIAGNOSIS

• History taking
• Clinical manifestation of patient
• Smear examination of Urethral and cervical discharges
Preventive measures

1. Advise the people to avoid unprotected sexual intercourse


2. Promotion of safe sex practices such as
Use of condomsm.
Be faithful to life partner etc…
3. Regular check-up for STDs
4. advice the people not to share sex toys,or these should be washed and
Then covered with a new condom before it is used by any other person
5. To create awareness in public regarding causes, mode of transmission,
clinical features, treatment and preventive measures of the disease.
Effects of GONORRHOEA in pregnancy

• Gonorrhoeae exerts an adverse effect upon the pregnancy and if


left untreated, can lead to following problems-----
1. Miscarriage
2. Premature Labour
3. premature rupture of membrane (PROM)
4. Puerperal infection
5. In addition, it can be passed from the women to her baby during
vaginal delivery; as a result opthalmia neonatorum may Occure.
Management

• (a) Treatment of the women


. Ceftriaxone
Cefixime
. Amoxicillin
(B) TREATMENT OF THE NEONATE
• . For preventing cross infection, the neonate should be isolated from other
babies
• Use chloramphenicol eye drops or erythromycin ointment
• In case of gonococcal infection, read the baby using ceftriaxone or
cefotaxime
SYPHILIS

• It is highly contagious sexually transmitted disease, caused by


bacteria treponema pallidum

• Mode of transmission
• It is transmitted by sexual intercourse with an infected
person including vaginal, oral or anal sex
• Prolonged kissing
Clinical manifestations :-

• During initial stage, there is formation of firm, Painless and non


itchy skin ulceration.
• Enlargement of regional lymph nodes
• After sometime, there is formation of maculopapular rash
• Lymphadenopathy
• In later stage, there is formation of syphilitic granuloma, known is
gumma. These affect skin, mucosa and bones.
• In late stage, cardiovascular and nervous system associated
problems may also arise.
Diagnosis :-

• History taking
- clinical manifestation of the patient
- followingg serological tests are performed
- VDRL Test
- Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test
- Treponema pallidum Immobilization test
- Patient’s partner is also treated.
Effects of syphilis in a pregnant woman :-

• Abortion
• Preterm labour
• Stillbirth
• Birth of a child with syphilis
Effects of congenital syphilis in a newborn

• Hepatomegaly
• Splenomegaly
• Maculopapular rash
• Chorioretinitis
• Lymphadenopathy
• Deafness
• Hydrocephalus
• Mental retardation
• Syphilitic rhinitis
Management

Following antibiotics are used –


• Benzathine penicillin –G
• in case of allergy to penicillin, following antibiotic may be used –
- Erythromycin
- During pregnancy, avoid to give erythromycin estolate yes it
may cause hepatotoxicity
-. During pregnancy, erythromycin base or erithromycin ethyl
Succinate should be used
Prevention measures-

• Avoidance of unprotected sexual intercourse


• Promotion of safe sex practice such as use of condom
• To create awareness in the people regarding cause, mode of
transmission, clinical features, treatment and preventive measures
of the disease.
Treatment of newborn:-

• Serological examination of the new net should be done to


detect syphilis.
• If he is suffering from syphilis,Then isolate him and
should be treated with penicillin - G
Chlamydial infection

Chlamydial infection is a a sexually transmitted disease, caused by


bacteria, chlamydia trachomatis.

• Clinical manifestations:-
-. Vaginal discharges
-. Itching on external genitals
- Dyspareunia
- Dysuria
- Mild fever
- Pain in right upper quadrant of abdomen
Effects on pregnancy:-

• Preterm labour
• Chorio- amnionitis
• Premature rupture of membrane (PROM)
• Still birth
• Conjunctivitis or pneumonia may occur in neonate
Treatment:-

• (A) Treatment of the women:-


. – Erythromycin
- Azithromycin
- Amoxicillin
• (B) Treatment of the neonate:-
as ophthalmic chlamydial infection is an important cause of blindness in
neonates, so immediate after birth Chloramphenicol eye drops or
Erythromycin ointment should be used for it’s prevention.
. In case of neonate chlamydial infection, erythromycin should be used
Preventive measures

• Diagnosis of the Patient in early stages and


appropriate antibiotic therapy should be started
immediately
GENITAL WARTS

• Introduction:-
. Genital warts are caused by human papillomavirus and these are
characterized by appearance of soft urethral and cervix.
- Commonest viral sexually transmitted disease

MODE OF ACTION
Sexual intercourse with a person suffering from the
disease
Clinical manifestation:-

• Appearance of wart like growth on labia majora of the vagina.

. In some cases, these may also appear inside the vagina and anus.
Treatment:-

• Exact treatment is not available


. Following treatment is given to remove the visible warts :-
- freezing
- surgical treatment
- laser removal
Preventive measures:-

1. Avoidance of unprotected sexual intercourse


2. Promotion of safe sex
- be faithful to life partner
-. Use condom
-. Avoid penetrating sex etc..
3. To create awareness in the people regarding cause, mode of
transmission and preventive measures of the disease.

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