Curtin University of Technology

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Fundamentals of strength Materials

Thin Walled Cylinder

Name :

Student ID :

Date of Submission : 29/03/2018

1. OBJECTIVE
The main objectives to carry out in this experiment is determine the Poisson’s ratio and material
properties for the cylinder material. Secondly, this experiment is also aimed to examine the thin
walled cylinder as a biaxial stress system.

2. Analysis if experimental data

2.1 Data collection:

Experiment 1: Experimental strain readings with open ends condition.

Pressure Hoop Stress 1st Attempt 2nd Attempt

( MN /m¿¿ 2)¿ pd Gauge Number Gauge Number
σ h=
2t (1) (2) (6) (1) (2) (6)
0.5 6.67 107.6 -34.0 109.2 108.4 -35.0 111.4
1.0 13.33 220.8 -72.0 223.6 221.2 -72.6 224.4
1.5 20.00 332.8 -109.6 336.8 333.2 -110.2 337.4
2.0 26.67 447.0 -147.8 452.0 444.8 -148.2 450.2
2.5 33.33 559.2 -185.6 580.8 558.6 -186.8 565.0
3.0 40.00 673.4 -224.0 679.8 669.8 -224.0 677.4
Table 1: Strain readings for 2 attempts of open ends condition

Experiment 2: Experimental strain readings with close ends condition.

Pressure Gauge number

( MN /m¿¿ 2)¿ (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
0.5 87.2 13.8 33.8 49.8 67.2 88.8
1.0 180.0 33.2 71.8 104.6 140.0 182.2
1.5 272.6 52.6 109.8 160.0 213.0 276.2
2.0 365.6 72.0 148.2 215.4 286.4 370.4
2.5 460.6 91.8 186.6 272.0 361.0 467.0
3.0 553.0 111.4 224.6 327.4 434.0 560.0
Table 2a: Strain readings for 1st attempt.

Pressure Gauge number

( MN /m¿¿ 2)¿ (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
0.5 90.6 14.2 35.6 51.6 69.2 93.6
1.0 182.0 33.4 73.0 105.6 140.4 185.6
1.5 274.2 53.2 111.2 161.2 213.8 279.8
2.0 366.8 72.6 149.0 216.2 287.0 372.2
2.5 460.4 92.2 187.2 272.2 361.2 468.0
 3.0 552.0 111.6 224.8 327.0 433.6 561.0
nd
Table 2b: Strain readings for 2 attempt.

2.2 Data Analysis: Open ends condition

(a) Estimation of Poisson’s ratio

Pressure Average readings for the two attempts Poisson’s ratio

( MN /m¿¿ 2)¿
Average readings Average reading Using 4 decimal Using 2 decimal
for gauge (1) and (6) for gauge (2) places places
(hoop strain) (Axial strain)
0.5 109.15 -34.5 0.3160 0.32
1.0 222.80 -72.3 0.3245 0.32
1.5 335.30 -109.9 0.3278 0.33
2.0 447.50 -148.0 0.3307 0.33
2.5 565.90 -186.2 0.6629 0.33
3.0 673.60 -224.0 0.3325 0.33
Table 3: Estimated values for Poisson’s ratio.

Calculation of Poisson’s Ratio:

−ε axial
Poisso n' s Ratio, v=
ε hoop

For pressure = 0.5 MN /m2

−−34.5
v= ¿ 0.3160
109.15

Graph of Axial Strain versus Hoop Strain

600

500

400
Axial Strain

300

200

100

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Hoop Strain
 Graph 1: Graph of Axial Strain versus Hoop Strain.

From the graph

−−224
v=
673.6
v=0.33

(b) Estimation of Young’s modulus

Pressure Hoop stress Average hoop strain Young’s modulus =

( MN /m¿¿ 2)¿ pd readings ( ϵ h) ( σ h ) /( ε h)
σ h=
2t (GPa)
0.5 6.67 109.15 61.11
1.0 13.33 222.80 59.83
1.5 20.00 335.30 59.65
2.0 26.67 447.50 59.60
2.5 33.33 561.80 59.33
3.0 40.00 673.60 59.38
Table 4: Estimated value for Young’s modulus.

Calculation of Hoop Stress:

pd
σ h=
2t
For pressure = 0.5 MN /m2

( 0.5 ×106 ) ( 80 ×10−3 )

σ h= ¿ 6.67 MPa
2 ( 3 ×10−3 )
Calculation of Young’s Modulus:

σh
E=
εh

For pressure = 0.5 MN /m2

6.67 ×106
E= ¿ 61.11GPa
109.15 ×10−6
 Graph of Hoop Stress versus Hoop Strain
45
40
35
30
Hoop Stress

25
20
15
10
5
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Hoop Strain

Graph 2:
Graph of Stress versus Hoop Strain.

Referring to the graph, the average of Young’s modulus can be acquired by calculating gradient of
the graph

y 40 × 106
Gradient ,m= ¿ ¿ 59.38 GPa
x 673.6× 10−6

2.3 Data Analysis: Close ends condition

Pressure Gauge number

( MN /m¿¿ 2)¿ (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
0.5 88.9 14.0 34.7 50.7 68.2 91.2
1.0 181.0 33.3 72.4 105.1 140.2 183.9
1.5 273.4 52.9 110.5 160.6 213.4 278.0
2.0 366.2 72.3 148.6 215.8 286.7 371.3
2.5 460.5 92.0 186.9 272.1 361.1 467.5
3.0 552.5 111.5 224.7 327.2 433.8 560.5
Table 5: Average experimental values for the closed ends condition.

Pressure Hoop stress axial Stress

( MN /m¿¿ 2)¿ pd pd
σ h= σ axial=
2t 4t
0.5 6.67 3.33
1.0 13.33 6.67
1.5 20.00 10.00
2.0 26.67 13.33
2.5 33.33 16.67
3.0 40.00 20.00
Table 6: Hoop stress and Axial Stress.
Calculation for Axial Stress:

pd
σ axial=
4t
For pressure =0.5 MN /m2

( 0.5× 106 ) ( 80 ×10−3 )

σ L= ¿ 3.33 MPa
4 ( 3× 10−3 )

Pressure Hoop Strain, ε hoop Axial Stain,ε axial

( MN /m¿¿ 2)¿ ( με ) ( με )
0.5 93.82 19.01
1.0 187.41 38.25
1.5 281.24 57.26
2.0 375.06 76.27
2.5 468.66 95.51
3.0 562.48 114.52
Table 7: Theoretical values for Hoop Strain and Axial Strain.

Calculation for Theoretical value for Hoop Strain:

(σ hoop−v σ axial )
ε h=
E
For pressure = 0.5 MN /m2

6.67 ×106−(0.33)(3.33 ×106 )

¿ ¿ 93.82 μϵ
59.38 ×109

Calculation for Theoretical value for Axial Strain:

(σ axial −v σ hoop )
ε axial=
E
For pressure = 0.5 MN /m2

3.33× 106−(0.33)(6.67 ×106 )

¿ ¿ 19.01 μϵ
59.38 ×109
 Pressure Gauge number
( MN /m¿¿ 2)¿ (3) (4) (5)
0.5 37.8 56.4 75.1
1.0 75.5 112.8 150.12
1.5 113.3 169.3 225.2
2.0 151.0 226.7 300.4
2.5 188.8 282.1 375.4
3.0 226.5 338.5 450.49
Table 8: Theoretical values for Gauge (3), (4) and (5).

Calculation for Theoretical value for Gauge (3):

ε 2 +ε 1 ε 2−ε 1
ε 3= + cos ⁡(2× 330)
2 2
For pressure = 0.5 MN /m2

19.01+ 93.82 19.01−93.82

ε 3= + cos ( 2× 330 )=37.8 με
2 2

Calculation for Theoretical value for Gauge (4):

ε 2+ ε 1 ε 2 −ε 1
ε 4= + cos ⁡(2 × 45)
2 2
For pressure = 0.5 MN /m2

19.01+93.82 19.01−93.82
ε 4= + cos ( 2 ×45 )=56.42 με
2 2

Calculation for Theoretical value for Gauge (5):

ε 2 +ε 1 ε 2−ε 1
ε 5= + cos ⁡(2× 240)
2 2
For pressure = 0.5 MN /m2

19.01+ 93.82 19.01−93.82

ε 5= + cos ( 2× 240 )=75.1 με
2 2
 Pressure Gauge number
( MN /m¿¿ 2)¿
(3) (4) (5)
0.5 8.2% 10.1% 9.2%
1.0 4.1% 6.8% 6.6%
1.5 2.5% 5.1% 5.2%
2.0 1.6% 4.8% 4.6%
2.5 1.0% 3.5% 3.8%
3.0 0.8% 3.3% 3.7%
Table 7: Percentage discrepancy between experimental and theoretical data.

Calculation for percentage discrepancy between the two sets of data

(theoretical value−experimental value)

%discrepancy= ×100 %
theoretical value
For Gauge Number (3):

(37.8−34.7)
×100 %=8.2 %
37.8
3. Discussion
4. Conclusion
In the nutshell, the Young’s Modulus obtained in the experiment is 59.38GPa which is lower than
the theoretical value of 70GPa. This might due to minor error occurs during the experiment.
Meanwhile, the Poisson’s ratio obtained is 0.33, which proved that the cylinder material is
aluminium, and it is equal to the Poisson’s Ratio of aluminium. Lastly, in open ends condition
experiment demonstrated is known as uniaxial load system and only hoop stress acting on the
system. As for the close ends condition experiment, gauges are positioned in different angles and
the strain values of these gauges can only be calculated by using transformation of strain equation.