Ratio and proportion Salaama Secondary School

Ratio and proportion 1) A small company makes a profit of$

8000. This is divided between the
Ratio directors in the ratio of their initial
investments. If Omer put 20,000 into
What is a ratio? A ratio is a way of the firm, Amina 35ooo$ and Ali
comparing two or more similar quantities, 25000$. Calculate the amount of
by writing two or more numbers separated profit they will each receive?
by colons. The numbers should be whole 2) A sum of money is divided into three
numbers, and should not include units. parts in the ratio 2:4:5 the largest is
40$ calculate the total amount shared
3) 55% of students in a school are boys
Divide quantities in a given ratio
a) What is the ratio of boys to girls
 Ratio can be used to share or divide b) How many boys and how many
quantities girls are there, if the school has
8000 students
Example 3 4) A business makes profit of 660$ the
Three partners invested $12500, 9000 and 7500
directors divide it in the ratio 3:4:8
respectively. If the total profit earned $5800, how much do they each receive?
how much profit each partner will receive. 5. The perimeter of a rectangle is
equal to 280 meters. The ratio of its
Solution length to its width is 5:2. Find the
Let A ,B and C be three partners area of the rectangle

A invested 12500 , B invested 9000 and 6. Aden and Amin worked together on a
project and received $250 for their
C invested 7500 completed work. Amin worked for 2 days
and Aden worked for 3 days, and they agree
Profit is 5800
to divide the money between them in the
Ratio among their investments are ratio 2: 3. How much should each receive?
12500:9000:7500 = 25:18:15
7 . A bag contains red and black marbles
Sum of the ratios = 25+18+15 = 58 in the ratio 2 : 3. If there are 40 red
marbles, find the total number of
25
A receives x 5800 = 2500 marbles in the bag
58

B receives
18
x 5800 = 1800 8. A rectangle field has an area of 300
58 square meters and a perimeter of 80 meters.
15 What is the ratio of the length to the width
C receives 58 x 5800 = 1500
of this field?

9. At the start of the week a bookshop had

science and art books in the ratio 2:5. By the
Exercise

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Ratio and proportion Salaama Secondary School
end of the week, 20% of each type of books Solution
were sold and 2240 books of both types
were unsold. How many books of each type The ratio method
were there at the start of the week?
Let x be amount of sand needed
10. If x : y = 1 : 2, find the value of 5 140
=
(2x + 3y) : (x + 4y) 9 𝑥

11. Mother divided the money among Rageh, Sadam 5x = 9 × 140

and Maax in the ratio 2 : 3 : 5. If Maax got $150, find
the total amount and the money received by Rageh 5x = 1260
and Sadam.
5𝑥 1260
=
Direct proportion 5 5

x = 252
 Two quantities are said to be in
direct proportion if they increase or 252 grams of sand is needed to mix with
decrease at the same rate 140 grams of cement.
Example1 Exercise
1. If 25 floppy discs cost $50, calculate the 1. If 6 tickets for a play cost sh48000,
cost of 11 floppy discs. calculate the cost of:
solution a) 5 tickets b) 8 tickets c) 15 tickets
The ratio method 2. Kawsar is paid $48 for 6 hours‟ work
out. How much is she paid for 4 hours‟
if 25 = 50
work?
11 = x 3. The cost of 5 pens is sh 7500. Work out
the cost of 7 of these pens.
25x = 550 (cross multiplication) 4. If 10 litres of petrol cost £8.20, calculate
25𝑥 550 the cost of:
=
25 25
a) 4 litres b) 12 litres c) 30 litres.
X = 22
5. A map is drawn to a scale of 1cm to
The cost of 11 floppy discs is $22 50,000cm, calculate
a) The length of a road which a pears
Example 2
3cm long on the map
Cement and sand are mixed in the ratio 5:9. b) The length on the map of a lake
How much sand is needed to mix with 140 which is 10km long?
gram of cement?

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Ratio and proportion Salaama Secondary School
5. The total mass of 200 concrete One Men take 5×20=100days
blocks is 1460 kg. Calculate the
mass of 900 concrete blocks. 4 Men take 100÷4=25 days
1
6. An airplane flies 132 miles in hour. Method 2(fractional method)
2
1
How far can it fly in 1 hours at the The ratio is 5:4
2
same rate of speed? 5
Time taken by 4 men =4 × 20 = 25 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
7. A machine fills 720 packets of crisps in
1 hour. How long will the machine take Alternatively
to fill 1680 packets of crisps? Give your
answer in hours and minutes. 5=20
8. A bricklayer lays 2300 bricks in an 12-
4=X
hour day. Assuming he continues to
work at the same rate, calculate: 4x=5×20
a) How many bricks he would
4𝑥 100
expect to lay in a five –day week? 4x=100 = =
4 4
b) How long to the nearest hour it
would take him to lay 50, 000 bricks. X=25day, 4men will take 25days
9. If one gallon of paint covers 825 sq. ft.,
Exercise
how much paint is needed to cover 2640
sq. ft.? 1. If 8 people can completed building a
10. Ahmed buys $320 for £200. How many wall 6 hours.
dollars can he buy for £800?
a) How long would it take to complete:
Inverse proportion
i) 1 person ii) 3 people iii) 10 people
If an increase (or decrease) in quantity
iv) 15 people v) 4 people vi) 5 people
produces a decrease (or increase) in a
second quantity in the same ratio, the two b) How many people would it take to build
quantities are inverse proportion the wall in:
Example i) 5 hours ii) 9 hours iii) 1 hour iv) 8 hours
Five men building a wall take 20days to v) 12 hours vi) 2 hours
complete it. How long would it take 4 men
to complete it? 2. If 8 people can pick an apples from trees
in 6 days , how long will it take
Solution 12people?
3. A cyclist averages a speed of 27km/h for
Method1 (unitary method)
4hours. At what average speed would be
5 men take 20 days

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Ratio and proportion Salaama Secondary School
need to cycle 3 hours to cover the same 3. A car travels 100 km/h. if the car
distance? moves in 300 km. What is time taken for
4. A swimming pool is filled in 30 hours by the journey?
two identical pumps. How much quicker 4. An electric fire uses 10 units of
would it be filled if five similar were electricity in 4 hours.
used instead a) How many units does it use in 3
5. it takes 5 days for 12 people to harvest a hours?
maize crop. how long will it take 16 b) For how long will it run on 17.5
people to do the same job units?
6. Four women can clean a school in 6 5. The flow of water from a tap is
hours. How many women would be measured as 124 litres in 2 minutes.
needed to clean the school in 3 hours? a) Calculate the rate of flow of the
7. A farmer employed 10 men to harvest water.
his maize crop. They took 6 days to b) Find the volume of the water that will
complete the work. If the farmer is flow in 10 minutes.
reduced the employee into 4 men, how c) How long will it take to fill a tank to
long would it have taken them to harvest fill a tank with a capacity of 500
the maize? gallons?
8. A train traveling at 180 km/h takes 6
hours for a journey. How long would it
Increase and decrease
take a train travelling at 80 km/h?
by a given ratios
Measures of Rate
Example (2) Example1
The rate of flow of water in a pipe is 30 a) Increase 20 by the ratio 7:5
gal per minute. How long will it take to b) Decrease 32 by a ratio of 3:4
fill a tank with the capacity of 150
gallons? Solutions
Solutions 7
a) 20 x 5 =28
𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 150 𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑙 3
Time = = 30 𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑙/𝑚𝑖𝑛 b) 32 x 4 =24
𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤
Exercise
1. A car has a fuel consumption of 50
mile/gal. How much fuel will be
required for a journey of 200 miles?
2. The rate of flow of water in a pipe is
30 gal per minute. If the tank is filled in Example2
5 hours. The triangle (right) is to be reduced by a
What is the capacity of the tank? ratio of 1:3.

INSTRUCTOR: MOHAMOUD ALI ADEN 4

Ratio and proportion Salaama Secondary School
a) Calculate the area of the original
triangle.
Direct variation
b) Calculate the area of the reduced Consider the table below
triangle.
X o 1 2 3 5 10
c) Calculate the ratio by which the area Y 0 2 4 6 10 20
of the triangle

been reduced.  In each case Y is directly

proportional to X, This is written y
Solution 𝜶 x For any statement Y ∝ x: y =
kx where k is constant and it is
called the constant of proportionality
or constant of variation

Example

y ∝ x. If y = 32 when x = 8, find y when x

= 16.

Solution

When y𝛼 X then , y = kx

Exercise y = kx

1. Increase 60 by the ratio 7:3. 32 = k(8)

2. Increase 100 by the ratio 7:5. 32 8𝑘
=
3. Increase 30 by the ratio 4:2. 8 8

4. Decrease 200 by the ratio 7:13 k = 4 , y = kx

5. A square of side length 8 cm is enlarged
by a ratio of 4:3. = 4(16) = 64
a) Calculate area of Original Square.
b) Calculate the area of enlarged square. 2. If y α𝑥 2 and y = 12, when
c) Calculate the ratio by which the area X = 2, find
of square has been enlarged.
6. A cube of side 6 cm is enlarged by the a) The constant of proportionality
ratio of 5:3. What is the surface area of: b) The value of y when x = 5
a) Original cube. b) Enlarged cube. c) The value of X when y = 12

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Ratio and proportion Salaama Secondary School
Solution L=3(2)

If y 𝛼𝑥 2 then y=k𝑥 2 L= 6

d) When x=2 and y=12, k=? Inverse Variation

Y=k𝑥 2
12=k(2)2 If Y is inversely proportional to X
12 4𝑘
12=4k and = 𝟏
, then y𝜶 𝒙 and y = 𝒙
𝒌
4 4
3 = k
When X=5, y=? Example1
Y=k𝑥 2 = 3𝑥 2 1
Y=3(5)2 Y𝛼 𝑥. If y = 5 when x = 3
Y=75
Find
When y=12, x=?
a) the constant of proportionality
2 b) the value of y when x = 30
Y=3𝑥
c) the value of x when y = 10
12 3𝑥 2
12=3𝑥 2 then =
3 3
Solution
2
4=𝑥 1`
f y𝛼 𝑥 then
±
√4=X ±2 = 𝑋
𝑘
y=𝑥 , When y=5 and x 3, k = ?
2 = x
𝑘 𝑘
3
l=k √𝑚 y=𝑥 and 5 = 3

15=k √125
3 K = 3×5 = 15

15=K(5) K=15 , When x=30, y?

𝑘 15
15=5k
15
=
5𝑘 Y=𝑥 = 𝑥
5 5
15 1
3=k Y=30 = 2
3
L=3 √𝑚 When y=10, x=?

When m=8,l=? 15
Y= 𝑥
3
L=3 √𝑚 15
10= 𝑥 cross multiply
3 3
L= √8 ( √8 = 2)
10x= 15

INSTRUCTOR: MOHAMOUD ALI ADEN 6

Ratio and proportion Salaama Secondary School
10 15 cm). When the tension is 150 Newton,
=
10 10 the extension is 6 cm.
3
X = 2=1.5 a) Find a formula for T in terms of x.

Exercise b) Calculate the tension, in newton, when

the extension is 15 cm.
1. y is directly proportional to x. If x = 2
when y = 4, find: 5. The shutter speed, S, of a camera varies
inversely as the square of the aperture
a) The constant of proportionality, setting, f. When f = 8, S = 125

b) The value of y when x = 5. i. Find a formula for S in terms of f.

c) The value of y when x = 8. ii. Hence, or otherwise, calculate the value

of S when f = 4
d) The value of x when y = 20.
6. The force, F, between two magnets is
e) The value of x when y = 12
inversely proportional to the square of
2. y ∝ x3. If y = 24 when x=2, find: the distance, x, between them. When x =
3, f = 4.
a) The constant of proportionality. a) Calculate f when x = 2.
b) The value of y when x = 3. b) Calculate x when f = 64.
c) The value of y when x = 7. 7. y is directly proportional to the square of
x. When y = 5, x = 4. Find the value of
d) The value of y when x = 11.
y when
e) The value of x when y = 16.
x = 8.
f) The value of x when y = 50.

3. y is inversely proportional to x2

. If y = 15 when x =3, find:

a) The constant proportionality.

b) The value of y when x = 4.

c) The value of y when x = 3.

d) The value of x when y = 8

4. In a spring, the tension (T newtons) is

directly proportional to its extension (x

INSTRUCTOR: MOHAMOUD ALI ADEN 7