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Binomial Distributions B Pharma

The document discusses binomial and Poisson probability distributions. The binomial distribution describes the probability of success in a fixed number of trials when the probability of success is the same for each trial. The Poisson distribution is a limiting case of the binomial when the number of trials is very large and the probability of success for each trial is very small, but their product is a constant value. The key properties provided are the formulas for the mean and variance of each distribution. Examples are provided to illustrate calculating probabilities using the binomial and Poisson distributions.

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99 views9 pages

Binomial Distributions B Pharma

The document discusses binomial and Poisson probability distributions. The binomial distribution describes the probability of success in a fixed number of trials when the probability of success is the same for each trial. The Poisson distribution is a limiting case of the binomial when the number of trials is very large and the probability of success for each trial is very small, but their product is a constant value. The key properties provided are the formulas for the mean and variance of each distribution. Examples are provided to illustrate calculating probabilities using the binomial and Poisson distributions.

Uploaded by

sonu chippa
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Discrete Probability Distributions

Binomial Distribution
'p' = probability of success 'q' = probability of failure = 1 – p
The number of successes in trials may be 0, 1, 2,…, r, …, n
The probability of x successes in n trials is given by
B  n, p; r   P  X  x   nCx p x q n x
Mean of the Binomial Distribution is np

Variance of the Binomial Distribution is npq


Q.1 10% bolt produced by a machine are defective. Find the probability of following when they are
checked at random by examining samples of 5
(a) None is defective (b) one is defective (c) atmost one is defective
Solution
If getting a defective bolt is a success then
10
p  0.1 and q  1  0.1  0.9
100

(a) None is defective  5C0  0.1  0.9   0.5905


0 5

(b) one is defective  5C1  0.1  0.9   0.3281


1 4

(c) atmost one is defective


P  X  1  P  0   P 1
 5C0  0.1  0.9   5C1  0.1  0.9   0.5905  0.3281
0 5 1 4

 0.9186
Q.2 The probability that a screw manufactured by a company is defective is 0.1. The company sells
screw in packets containing 5 screws and gives a guarantee of replacement if one or more screws
in the packets are found to be defective. The probability that a packet would have to be replaced is
Solution
n = 5, p = 0.1, q = 0.9
X: number of defective
p  X  1  1  p  x  0 
 1  5C0  0.1  0.9   0.4095
0 5

Q.3 The probability of obtaining at least two “six” in throwing a fair dice 4 times is
Solution
Let p be the probability that six occurs on a fair dice
1
p
6
5
q 
6
Let X be the number of times ‘6’ occurs Probability of obtaining at least two ‘six’ in
throwing a fair dice 4 times is so n = 4
p  X  2  1  p  x  2
 1   p  x  0   p  x  1
 1   4C0 p 0 q 4  4C1 p1q 3 
 5  4 1  5  
3

 1     4     
 6  6  6  
125 19
 1 
144 144
Q.4 The mean and variance of binomial distribution are 4 and 4/3 respectively. Find P  X  1 .
Solution
Given
4
np  4, npq 
3
1 1 2
 q  , So p  1  q  1  
3 3 3
n6
Now P  X  1  1  P  X  0 
0 6
 2 1
 1  6C0      0.9986
 3 3
Exercise

Q.1 Ten coins are thrown simultaneously. Find the probability of getting at least seven head

Q.2 A man tosses a fair coin 10 times. Find the probability· that he will have5 heads and 5 tails
Poisson Distribution
Poisson distribution is a limiting case of the binomial distribution under the following
conditions:
(I) n, the number of trials is indefinitely large, i.e n   .
(ii) p, the constant probability of success for each trial is indefinitely small,
i.e., p  0
(iii) np  

e   x
P  X  x  , X  0,1, 2,3...
x!

Mean of the Poisson Distribution is 

Variance of the Poisson Distribution is 


Q.3 Suppose on an average q house in 1000 in a certain district has a fire during a year. If
there are 2000 houses in that district, what is the probability that exactly 5 houses will have a fire
during the year?

Solution

Here we have

1
n  2000, p 
1000
1
So,   np  2000  2
1000

e2 25
P  X  5   0.036
5!
Exercise

Q.1

Q.2

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