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Reviewer in Statistics and Probability

The document provides information on statistical concepts including the difference between a parameter and statistic, definitions of a sample and point estimate, and common confidence intervals. It also gives examples of hypothesis tests on means and proportions. The examples demonstrate using test statistics like z-tests and t-tests to evaluate claims from populations based on sample data and deciding whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis at given significance levels.

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Mikko Perez
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125 views1 page

Reviewer in Statistics and Probability

The document provides information on statistical concepts including the difference between a parameter and statistic, definitions of a sample and point estimate, and common confidence intervals. It also gives examples of hypothesis tests on means and proportions. The examples demonstrate using test statistics like z-tests and t-tests to evaluate claims from populations based on sample data and deciding whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis at given significance levels.

Uploaded by

Mikko Perez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Reviewer in Statistics and Probability

 µ is a parameter while x́ is a statisitcs  The critical value t0 for a left-tailed test given
 Subsets of population are called samples  = 0.05 and n = 21 is 1.725
 A single value that may refer to a parameter value is a
point estimate A used car dealer says that the mean price of a 2005 Honda
 ±1.96 are the 95% confidence coefficients Pilot LX is at least P23,900. You suspect this claim is
 When n < 30 and the σ is not known, t- distribution is incorrect and find that a random sample of 14 similar vehicles
used while z-distribution is used when n ≥ 30 and the σ is has a mean price of P23,000 and a standard deviation of
known P1113. Is there enough evidence to reject the dealer’s claim at
α = 0.05? Assume the population is normally distributed.
The mean gasoline consumption of 10 cars is 28 liters  The standardized test statistic to be used to solve the
with a standard deviation of 1.6 liters. Find the point and problem is t- test
interval estimates using 95% confidence level.  The population mean is 23 900
 α= 0.05  t= -3.026
 The point estimate is 28  Using p-value to make decisions:
 The t-distribution is to be used If P = 0.0237 and α= 0.05, reject Ho.
 The confidence coefficients are ±2.262 If P = 1.307 and the critical values are ±1.645,
 The lower limit is approximately 26.85 fail to reject Ho
 The upper limit is approximately 29.15
A standardized test was administered to thousands of students
A biologist wants to estimate the proportion of male rats. He with a mean score of 85 and a standard deviation of 8. A
collected 60 rats from the rice field and that 38% are males. random sample of 50 students were given the same test and
Compute the 90% confidence interval estimate of the showed an average score of 83.20. Is there evidence to show
proportion of male rats. that this group has a lower performance than the ones in
 a= 0.05 general at 5% level of significance?
 The confidence coefficients are ±1.96 Ha: μ < 85 H0: μ ≥85
 0.38 and 0.62 are ^p and q ^ respectively α = 0.01 z0 = -1.645
 The margin of error is 0.12 z= -1.591
 The interval estimate is approximately 0.26 < p < Decision: accept the null hypothesis reject the
0.50 alternative hypothesis.
 A process that uses sample statistics to test a claim about
the value of a population parameter. hypothesis testing
 Alternative hypothesis is the basis on deciding the nature
of test?
 Example of commonly used level of significance
0.05, 0,01, 0.1

A researcher studying the effects of radical exercise program


on knee surgery patients assumes that there is a good chance
the therapy will improve recovery time by 8.2 weeks or less.

 The parameter to be tested is μ


 Claim: Ha: μ ≤ 8.2 weeks
 The nature of the test to be used is right- tailed

A manufacturing company claims that the net content of a


product as indicated in the label is 238 ml. In order to verify if
this claim is true, a consumer group made a survey. From a
sample of 500, the group found a mean content of 237.70 ml
with a standard deviation of 0.70 ml. Test at 5% level of
significance.

Ha: μ ≠ 238
H0: μ = 238 (Claim)
.
Population Test Statistic Standardized Test
Parameter Statistic
μ x́ z ( n  30)
t ( n < 30)
p ^p z
σ² s² χ2

 In a left-tailed test, ɑ = .05, the critical value of z is


-1.645
 The critical values for a two-tailed test given  = 0.05
and n = 26 are ± 2.060

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