C 1 Assignments

(Notations used here are described explicitely in the last page)

Instructions: Please read the following instructions carefully and then proceed your question.

1. Questions are given group wise therefore after discussing within the group, every group
has to submit only one file.

2. The name of the file should be the heading as given above your respective question.
For example Group 1 will name the file as Group 1 (IEC2018079, IIB2019006).

3. The deadline of assignment submission is 11 PM, 12-06-20. Late submission will not
be considered.

4. Your solution should be clear, precise and well written. Few marks will be deducted
in case of bad handwriting.

Group 1 (IEC2018079, IIB2019006)

1. (a) Using the definition of determinant, show that |AB| = |A||B|, where |A| and |B|
be two square matrix of same order.
   
1 0 2 1 0 2
(b) Determine whether the matrix 3 −1 −1 and 0 2 1 are row-equivalent?
5 −1 5 2 0 4

Group 2 (IEC2019016, IIB2019013)

2. (a) Using the definition of determinant, show that |A| = |AT |, where AT denotes the
transpose of A.
(b) Evaluate determinant of the following n × n matrix.
 
0 0 ··· 0 1
0 0 · · · 1 0
 .. .. . .
 
.
. . .. .. 

. .
 
0 1 · · · 0 0
1 0 ··· 0 0

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 Group 3 (IIT2019236, IIT2019025)

3. (a) Suppose Ax = b and Cx = b have same solutions for every b. Is it true that
A = C? Justify your answer.
(b) Prove that the following set of vectors in Rn form a subspace and find a basis and
the dimension of each
i. all n-vectors whose sums are zero
ii. all n-vectors whose even entries are equal

Group 4 (IEC2019033, IIB2019020)

4. (a) Let W be a subspace of a finite dimensional vector space V . Then show that W
is also a finite dimensional and dim(W ) ≤ dim(V ). Also, show that, dim(V ) =
dim(W ) if and only if V = W .
(b) Determine whether R2 forms a vector space over R under operations:
vector addition: (x1 , y1) ⊕ (x2 , y2 ) = (x1 + x2 , 0) and
scalar multiplication : α ⊙ (x, y) = (αx, 0), α ∈ R.

Group 5 (IEC2019039, IIT2019015)

5. (a) Let A be an n × n matrix. Show that the following are equivalent.

i. A is invertible
ii. The homogeneous system AX = 0 has only the trivial solution.
iii. The system AX = Y has a solution for each n × 1 matrix Y .
(b) Determine whether W = {x̄ = (x1 , x2 , · · · , xn ) ∈ Rn | x1 + 3x2 = x3 } is a
subspace of Rn . Justify your answer.

Group 6 (IEC2019054, IEC2019059)

6. (a) Let A be a 3 × 3 matrix having first and third identical columns. Using the
definition of determinant, show that |A| = 0.
(b) Determine whether W = {a0 + x2 | a0 ∈ R} is a subspace of V = P2 (R)? Justify
your answer.

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 Group 7 (IEC2019064, IIT2019028)

7. (a) Show that, if A is an m × n matrix and m < n, then the homogeneous system of
linear equation AX = 0 has a non-zero solution.
(b) Determine whether W = {A ∈ V | |A| = 1} is a subspace of V = Mn (R)? Justify
your answer.

Group 8 (IEC2019067, IIT2019056)

8. (a) Let B be an invertible matrix. Then, prove that the system Ax = b and BAx = Bb
are equivalent.
(b) Find a basis for the subspace of R4 spanned by the vectors (1, 2, −1, 0),
(4, 8, −4, −3), (0, 1, 3, 4) and (2, 5, 1, 4).
(c) Determine whether W = {x̄ = (x1 , x2 , · · · , xn ) ∈ Rn | x1 x2 = 0} is a subspace
of V = Rn ? Justify your answer.

Group 9 (IEC2019076, IIT2019082)

9. (a) Let ρ denote an elementary row operation. If A ∈ Mm×n (R) then ρ(A) = ρ(I) · A,
where I is m × m identity matrix.
(b) Determine whether W = {x̄ = (x1 , x2 , · · · , xn ) ∈ Rn | x2 is rational} is a
subspace of V = Rn ? Justify your answer.
(c) Discuss the linear dependence/linear independence of the set: S = {(1, 0, i), (1 +
i, 1, −1), (1, i, 1 + i)} of C3 (C).

Group 10 (IEC2019080, IIT2019084)

10. (a) Let U be a subspace of a finite dimensional vector space V . Prove that there is a
subspace W of V such that U + W = V and U ∩ W = {0}.
(b) Determine whether the following matrix is in row reduced echelon form or row
echelon form. Justify your answer.

 
1 0 0 0 −2
0 0 1 0 0
 
0 0 0 1 −3
0 0 0 0 0

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 Group 11 (IEC2019081, IIT2019087)

11. (a) Let U be a subspace of a finite dimensional vector space V . Prove that there is
no subspace W such that U ∩ W = {0} and that dim W + dim U > dim V .
(b) Determine whether the given matrix is in row reduced echelon form, row echelon
form, or neither

 
1 −1 0 0 1
0 1 1 0 −1
 
0 0 0 1 −2
0 0 0 0 0

Group 12 (IEC2019093, IIT2019095)

12. (a) Let C(X) = {f : X → R | f is continuous} denote the set of all continuous
functions defined on X. Show that C(X) is a vector space over R under:
vector addition: (f ⊕ g)(x) = f (x) + g(x) and scalar multiplication : (α ⊙ f )(x) =
αf (x). Also show that the set S = {sin x, sin 2x, · · · , sin nx} is linearly indepen-
dent subset of C([−π, π]).
(b) Find two distinct matrices in row echelon form that is equivalent to the given
matrix.
 
0 2 4 3 0
0 5 10 15/2 0
 
0 1 2 3/2 4
0 2 4 3 2

Group 13 (IEC2019109, IIT2019133)

13. (a) Let V be a vector space of dimension n over R and let 0 ≤ r ≤ n. Prove that V
contains a subspace of dimension r.
(b) Find all the solutions of the system of linear equations using Gauss-Jordan elim-
ination method, if exists:

x1 + 3x2 − 2x3 = 3, 2x1 + 6x2 − 2x3 + 4x4 = 18, x2 + x3 + 3x4 = 10

.

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 Group14 (IIT2019193, IIT2019200)

14. (a) Let V be a vector space of dimension n over the field complex numbers C. Prove
that V has the dimension 2n over the field R (set of real numbers).
(b) Find two distinct matrices in row echelon form that is equivalent to the given
matrix.
 
2 1 0 0 1
 3 0 3 0 2
5 7 −9 2 3

Group 15 (IIT2019215, IIT2019226)

15. (a) Let V be a vector space of dimension n and S = {v1 , v2 , . . . , vn } be a linearly

independent subset of V . Show that S is a basis of V .
(b) Determine whether R2 forms a vector space under vector addition: (x1 , y1 ) ⊕
(x2 , y2 ) = (x1 + x2 , y1 + y2 ) and scalar multiplication : α ⊙ (x, y) = (α2 x, α2 y)
over R? Justify your answer.
(c) Find the dimension and a basis of the set of solutions of system of linear equation

2x1 + x2 + x3 + 3x4 = 0, x1 + x2 + 3x3 = 0

Notations:

N - the set of all natural numbers

Z - the set of all integers
Q - the set of all rational numbers
R - the set of all real numbers
C - the set of all complex numbers
|A| - the determinant of the square matrix A
Mm×n (S) - the set of all m × n matrices with entries in the set S, where S = R or C
Mn (S) - the set of all n × n matrices with entries in the set S, where S = R or C
GLn (S) = {A ∈ Mn (S) | |A| = 6 0} - the set of all n × n invertible matrices with entries in
the set S, where S = R or C. This is called general linear group.
SLn (S) = {A ∈ Mn (S) | |A| = 1} - the set of all n × n invertible matrices with determinant
1, where S = R or C. This is called special general linear group.
Un (C) = {A ∈ GLn (C) | AĀt = Āt A = In } - the set of all n × n unitary matrices with
entries in C and its element is called as unitary matrix.

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On (R) = {A ∈ GLn (R) | AAt = At A = In } - the set of all n × n orthogonal matrices with
entries in R. This is called orthogonal linear group.
SOn (R) = {A ∈ On (R) | |A| = 1} - the set of all n × n orthogonal matrices with determinant
1. This is called special orthogonal linear group.
Sn (R) = {A ∈ Mn (R) | At = A} - the set of all n × n symmetric matrices
SSn (R) = {A ∈ Mn (R) | At = −A} - the set of all n × n skew-symmetric matrices
Hn (C) = {A ∈ Mn (C) | Āt = A} - the set of all n × n hermitian matrices
SHn (C) = {A ∈ Mn (C) | Āt = −A} - the set of all n × n skew-hermitian matrices
S[x] - the set of all polynomials with coefficient from the S
Pn (S) - the set of all polynomials with coefficient from the S of degree ≤ n
C(X) - the set of all continuous functions from the set X to R i.e. the set of all real valued
continuous functions on X