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This document contains 9 questions regarding differential equations for engineers. The questions cover topics such as: 1) Expanding functions in terms of Legendre polynomials. 2) Locating and classifying singular points. 3) Verifying that the origin is a regular singular point and finding solutions. 4) Showing an equation has only one Frobenius series solution. 5) Transforming an equation to reduce it to normal form.

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83 views1 page

Assign2 PDF

This document contains 9 questions regarding differential equations for engineers. The questions cover topics such as: 1) Expanding functions in terms of Legendre polynomials. 2) Locating and classifying singular points. 3) Verifying that the origin is a regular singular point and finding solutions. 4) Showing an equation has only one Frobenius series solution. 5) Transforming an equation to reduce it to normal form.

Uploaded by

Akhlaq Husain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BML Munjal University Gurgaon

Differential Equations for Engineers


 Practice Problems #2

Q1. ♣ Expand the following functionsin terms of Legendre polynomials over [−1, 1]:
0 if − 1 ≤ x < 0
(i) f (x) = x3 + x + 1 (ii) f (x) =
x if 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.
Q2. Locate and classify the singular points in the following:
(i) x3 (x − 1)y ′′ − 2(x − 1)y ′ + 3xy = 0 (ii) (3x + 1)xy ′′ − xy ′ + 2y = 0.

Q3. For each of the following, verify that the origin is a regular singular point and find two
linearly independent solutions:
(a) 9x2 y ′′ + (9x2 + 2)y = 0, (b)♣ x2 (x2 − 1)y ′′ − x(1 + x2 )y ′ + (1 + x2 )y = 0,
(c) xy ′′ + (1 − 2x)y ′ + (x − 1)y = 0, (d)♣ x(x − 1)y ′′ + 2(2x − 1)y ′ + 2y = 0.

Q4. Show that the equation 2x3 y ′′ + (cos 2x − 1)y ′ + 2xy = 0 has only one Frobenius series
solution.

Q5. Show that, under the transformation y(x) = u(x)exp − 12 p(x)dx , equation
R 

y ′′ + p(x)y ′ + q(x)y = 0 (1)

reduces to
u′′ + Q(x)u = 0 (2)
p2 (x) p′ (x)
where Q(x) = q(x) − 4 − 2 . Eq. (2) is called the normal form of (1). Use the above
method to solve x2 y ′′ + xy ′ + (x2 − 1/4)y = 0 for x > 0. (Infer that J1/2 (x) = A sin(x)
√ ).
x

Q6. Using recurrence relations, show that


′
(i) J0′′ (x) = −J0 (x) + J1 (x)/x (ii) ♣ xJn+1 (x) + (n + 1)Jn+1 (x) = xJn (x).

Q7. ShowR that


(i) Rx4 J1 (x)dx = (4x3 − 16x)J1 (x) − (x4 − 8x2 )J0 (x) + C
(ii) J5 (x)dx = −2J4 (x) − 2J2 (x) − J0 (x) + C

Q8. Express
(i) J3 (x) in terms of J1 (x) and J0 (x) (ii) J2′ (x) in terms of J1 (x) and J0 (x)
(iii) ♣ J4 (ax) in terms of J1 (ax) and J0 (ax).

Q9. ♣ Prove that between each pair of consecutive positive zeros of Jp (x), there is exactly one
zero of Jp+1 (x) and vice versa.

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