Exercise 2E

1=a 2.5,=
u 3,=s 8,=v ?

v 2 = u 2 + 2as = 32 + 2 × 2.5 × 8 = 9 + 40 = 49
=v 49 7
=

The velocity of the particle as it passes through B is 7 m s −1 .

2=
u 8,=t 6,=s 60,=
a ?

s ut + 12 at 2
=
60 = 8 × 6 + 12 × a × 62 = 48 + 18a
60 − 48 2
=a =
18 3

The acceleration of the car is 0.667 m s −2 (to 3 s.f.)

3=u 12,=v 0,=s 36,=a ?

2
v= u 2 + 2as
02= 122 + 2 × a × 36= 144 + 72a
a =
− 144 −2
72 =

The deceleration is 2 m s −2 .

54 ×1000
4=u 15,
= v 20,
= s 500,
= ? 54 km h −1
a= = m s −1 15 m s −1
3600

72 ×1000
72 km h −1
= = m s −1 20 m s −1
3600

2
v= u 2 + 2as
202= 152 + 2 × a × 500
400
= 225 + 1000a
400 − 225
= a = 0.175
1000

The acceleration of the train is 0.175 m s −2 .

5 a=s 48,=u 4,=v 16,=a ?

2
v= u 2 + 2as
162 = 42 + 2 × a × 48

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5 a 256
= 16 + 96a
256 − 16
= a = 2.5
96

The acceleration of the particle is 2.5 m s −2 .

b=u 4,=v 16,=a 2.5,

= t ?

v= u + at
16= 4 + 2.5t
16 − 4
=t = 4.8
2.5

The time taken to move from A to B is 4.8 s.

6 a a = 3, s = 38, t = 4, u = ?

s= ut + 12 at 2
38= 4u + 12 × 3 × 42 = 4u + 24
38 − 24
=u = 3.5
4

The initial velocity of the particle is 3.5 m s −1 .

b a = 3, t = 4, u = 3.5, v = ?

v = u + at= 3.5 + 3 × 4= 15.5

The final velocity of the particle is 15.5 m s −1 .

7 a u=
18, v =
0, a =
−3, s =
?

2
v= u 2 + 2as
2
0= 182 + 2 × (−3) × =
s 324 − 6 s
s
= 324
6 = 54

The distance travelled as the car decelerates is 54 m.

b u=
18, v =
0, a =
−3, t =
?

v= u + at
0= 18 − 3t
t
= = 6
18
3

The time taken for the car to decelerate is 6 s.

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8 a u=
12, v ==
0, a −0.8, s =
?

2
v= u 2 + 2as
2
0= 122 + 2 × (−0.8) × =
s 144 − 1.6 s
s
= = 90
144
1.6

The distance moved by the stone is 90 m.

b Half the distance in a is 45 m.

12, a =
u= −0.8, s =
45, v =
?

2
v= u 2 + 2as
= 122 + 2 × (−0.8) × 45= 144 − 72= 72
v
= 72 8.49 (to 3 s.f.)
=

The speed of the stone is 8.49 m s −1.

9 a a = 2.5, u = 8, s = 40, t = ?

s ut + 12 at 2
=
40= 8t + 1.25t 2
0 1.25t 2 + 8t − 40
=
−(8) ± (8) 2 − 4 × (1.25) × (−40)
t=
2 × (1.25)
−8 + 264
=t = 3.30 (to 3 s.f.)
2.5

The time taken for the particle to move from O to A is 3.30 s.

b=a 2.5,=
u 8,=s 40,=v ?

2
v= u 2 + 2as
= 82 + 2 × 2.5 × 40 = 264
=v 264 16.2 (to 3 s.f.)
=

The speed of the particle at A is 16.2 m s −1 .

10 a a =
−2, s =
32, u =
12, t =
?

s ut + 12 at 2
=
= 12t − t 2
32
t 2 − 12t + 32 = (t − 4)(t − 8) = 0

So t = 4 or t = 8.
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10 b When t = 4,

v = u + at = 12 − 2 × 4 = 4

The velocity is 4 m s −1 in the direction AB.

When t = 8,

v =u + at =12 − 2 × 8 =−4

The velocity is 4 m s −1 in the direction BA.

11 a a =
−5, u =
12, s =
8, t =
?

s ut + 12 at 2
=
8 12t − 2.5t 2
=
2.5t 2 − 12t + 8 =0
5t 2 − 24t + 16 = (5t − 4)(t − 4) = 0

So t = 0.8 or t = 4.

b a=
−5, u =
12, s =
−8, v =
?

2
v= u 2 + 2as
= 122 + 2 × (−5) × (−8)
= 144 + 80 = 224
=v 224 15.0 (to 3 s.f.)
=

The velocity at x = −8 is 15.0 m s −1 .

12 a a =
−4, u =
14, s =
22.5, t =
?

s ut + 12 at 2
=
= 14t − 2t 2
22.5
2t 2 − 14t + 22.5 =
0
4t 2 − 28t + 45 = (2t − 5)(2t − 9) = 0

The difference between the times is (4.5 − 2.5) s =

2 s.

b The maximum distance is reached when P reverses direction.

a= −4, u =
14, v = 0, t = ?

v= u + at
0 = 14 − 4t ⇒ t = 14
4 = 3.5

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12 b Find the displacement when t = 3.5.

s ut + 12 at 2
=
= 14 × 3.5 − 2 × 3.52 = 24.5

Between
= t 2.5
= and t 4.5 the particle moves back and forward.

Hence total distance travelled =

2 × (24.5 − 22.5) m =
4 m.

13 a From B to C
= , u 14,
= v 20,
= s 300,
= a ?

2
v= u 2 + 2as
202= 142 + 2 × a × 300
202 − 142
=a = 0.34
600

The acceleration of the car is 0.34 m s −2 .

b From A to =
C , v 20,
= s 400,
= a 0.34,
= u ?

2
v= u 2 + 2as
202 = u 2 + 2 × 0.34 × 400 = u 2 + 272
u 2 = 400 − 272 = 128
± 128 =
u = ±8 2

Assuming the car is not in reverse at A, u = +8 2

v= u + at
20 8 2 + 0.34t
=
20 − 8 2
=t = 25.5 (to 3 s.f.)
0.34

The time taken for the car to travel from A to C is 25.5 s.

14 a For P,=a 2,=u 4

s = ut + 12 at 2
= 4t + 12 × 2t 2 = 4t + t 2

The displacement of P is (4t + t 2 ) m.

For =
Q, a 3.6,
= u 3

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14 a Q has been moving for (t − 1) seconds since passing through A, so

s = u (t − 1) + 12 a (t − 1) 2
= 3(t − 1) + 1.8(t − 1) 2 = 1.8t 2 − 0.6t − 1.2

The displacement of Q is (1.8t 2 − 0.6t − 1.2) m.

b P and Q meet when sP = sQ, so, from a:

4t + t 2= 1.8t 2 − 0.6t − 1.2

0.8t 2 − 4.6t − 1.2 =
0

Divide throughout by 0.2:

4t 2 − 23t − 6 =
0
(t − 6)(4t + 1) =
0

Rejecting a negative solution for time, t = 6.

c Substitute t = 6 into the equation for one of the displacements (here P):

s = 4t + t 2 = 4 × 6 + 62 = 60

The distance of A from the point where the particles meet is 60 m.

15

a Let the velocity as the competitor passes point Q be vQ

For PQ, s = 2.4, t = 1, v = vQ

s= vt − 12 at 2
2.4 = vQ ×1 − 12 (a ×12 ) = vQ − 12 a
v=
Q 2.4 + 0.5a

For QR, s = 11.5, t = 1.5, u = vQ

s ut + 12 at 2
=
11.5 = vQ ×1.5 + 12 a ×1.52 =1.5vQ + 1.125a

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15 a Substituting for vQ:

11.5 = 1.5(2.4 + 0.5a ) + 1.125a

=3.6 + 0.75a + 1.125a
( 0.75 + 1.125) a
11.5 − 3.6 =
11.5 − 3.6 7.9
a= = = 4.21 (to 3 s.f.)
0.75 + 1.125 1.875

The acceleration is 4.21 km h−2.

4.21×1000
4.21 km h−2 = s −2 3.25 ×10−4 m s −2 (to 3 s.f.)
m=
3600 × 3600

So her acceleration is 3.25 x 10-4 m s-2.

b For PQ, s = 2.4, t = 1, a = 4.21, u = ?, using exact figures

s ut + 12 at 2
=
7.9
2.4 = u ×1 + 12 × ×12
1.875
u = 0.293 (to 3 s.f.)

0.293 ×1000
0.293 km h −1
= = m s −1 0.0815 m s −1 (to 3 s.f.)
3600

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