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Class Test 1 2020 With Answers PDF

1. The document provides instructions and questions for an exam on differential equations. It asks students to show their student ID and sign a declaration of original work. 2. The questions cover various methods for solving differential equations, including variation of parameters, reduction of order, undetermined coefficients, and change of variables. Students are asked to find general and particular solutions. 3. The document provides multiple choice and free response questions requiring the application of differential equation solving techniques. It covers topics like initial value problems, characteristic equations, and Wronskians.

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120 views6 pages

Class Test 1 2020 With Answers PDF

1. The document provides instructions and questions for an exam on differential equations. It asks students to show their student ID and sign a declaration of original work. 2. The questions cover various methods for solving differential equations, including variation of parameters, reduction of order, undetermined coefficients, and change of variables. Students are asked to find general and particular solutions. 3. The document provides multiple choice and free response questions requiring the application of differential equation solving techniques. It covers topics like initial value problems, characteristic equations, and Wronskians.

Uploaded by

Peper12345
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATH2121

THEORY AND APPLICATIONS OF DIFFERENTIAL


EQUATIONS
Online T2, 2020
Class Test 1 Version 1

ONE OF THE SUBMITTED FILES MUST INCLUDE A PHOTOGRAPH


OF YOUR STUDENT ID CARD WITH THE SIGNED, HANDWRIT-
TEN STATEMENT:
“I declare that this submission is entirely my own original work.”

VARIATION OF PARAMETERS
Consider a second-order linear differential equation

y 00 + p(x)y 0 + q(x)y = f (x),

where y1 (x) and y2 (x) are linearly independent solutions of the the corre-
sponding homogeneous equation.
The general solution of the is given by

y(x) = u1 (x)y1 (x) + u2 (x)y2 (x)

where
Z Z  
y2 (x)f (x) y1 (x)f (x) y1 y2
u1 (x) = − dx, u2 (x) = dx and W (x) = det 0 .
W (x) W (x) y1 y20

See over for questions


1. [7 marks] Consider the differential equation

e2x
y 00 − 4y 0 + 5y =
sin(x)

Find the general solution using the method of variation of parame-


ters.
y
2. [5 marks] Use the substitution v = to find the general solution y(x)
x
to
dy
xy = x2 + 6y 2 .
dx

3. [8 marks] Solve the initial value problem using the method of unde-
termined coefficients
π  π 
y 00 − y 0 − 2y = 10 sin(x), y = −3, y 0 = −1.
2 2

4. [7 marks] Given that y1 = ex is a solution of the differential equation

(x + 1)y 00 − 2xy 0 + (x − 1)y = 0.

Find the general solution by the reduction of order method. You


are not required to show y1 is a solution.

5. [6 marks] Find the general solution of the differential equation

x2 y 00 − 2xy 0 + 2y = 5x3 .

1
1. [7 marks] Consider the differential equation
e2x
y 00 − 4y 0 + 5y =
sin(x)
Find the general solution using the method of variation of parame-
ters.

Answer:
Characteristic equation and complementary solution

λ2 − 4λ + 5 = 0
(λ − 2)2 + 1 = 0
λ± = 2 ± i

Complementary solution

yc = c1 e2x cos x + c2 e2x sin x


= c1 y 1 + c2 y 2

Wronskian

y 1 y 2
4x 2 2 4x
2y1 − y2 2y2 − y1 = e (cos(x) + sin(x) ) = e

Integrals
Z
u1 = − 1 dx = −x + c1
Z
cos(x)
u2 = dx = ln | sin(x)| + c2
sin(x)
General solution

y(x) = y1 u1 + y2 u2
= yc − xe2x cos(x) + e2x sin(x) ln | sin(x)|
y
2. [5 marks] Use the substitution v = to find the general solution y(x)
x
to
dy
xy = x2 + 6y 2 .
dx
2
Answer:
Initial set up
y 0 = v + xv 0

Change to separable equation


x y
y0 = +6
y x
1
xv 0 = + 5v
Z Zv
v 1
2
dv = dx
1 + 5v x
Integrate both sides and solution
1
ln(1 + 5v 2 ) = ln |x| + C0
10
 y 2
1+5 = C1 x10
x
3. [8 marks] Solve the initial value problem using the method of unde-
termined coefficients
π 
0 π
 
00 0
y − y − 2y = 10 sin(x), y = −3, y = −1.
2 2

Answer:
Characteristic equation and complementary solution
λ2 − λ − 2 = 0
(λ − 2)(λ + 1) = 0, λ1 = 2, λ2 = −1
yc = c1 e2x + c2 e−x

Particular solution
yp = γ1 cos(x) + γ2 sin(x)
substitute into the ODE
−yp − yp0 − 2yp = 10 sin(x)
sin(x) (γ1 − 3γ2 ) + cos(x) (−γ2 − 3γ1 ) = 10 sin(x)

3
γ1 = 1, γ2 = −3
Applying the initial conditions
π 
y = c1 eπ + c2 e−π/2 − 3 = −3
2
0 π
 
y = 2c1 eπ − c2 e−π/2 − 1 = −1
2
leads to c1 , c2 both equal 0.
Solution,
y = cos(x) − 3 sin(x)
4. [7 marks]
Given that y1 = ex is a solution of the differential equation

(x + 1)y 00 − 2xy 0 + (x − 1)y = 0.

Find the general solution by the reduction of order method.


Answer:
Initial set up

y = uy1 , y 0 = u0 y1 + uy10 , y 00 = u00 y1 + u0 y10 + uy100 ,


 0 
00 0 2y1 2x
u +u − =0
y1 x+1

Solve u0 ODE
 
00 0 2
u +u =0
x+1
0
(x + 1)2 u0 =0
u = c1 −1(x + 1)−1 + c2


General solution
ex
y = c3 + c2 ex .
x+1
5. [6 marks]
Find the general solution of the differential equation

x2 y 00 − 2xy 0 + 2y = 5x3 .

4
Answer:
Change of variables x = et , y(x) = z(t)

z 00 − 3z 0 + 2z = 5e3t .

Complementary solution zc = c1 e2t + c2 et


Particular solution
zp = γe3t
5
2γ = 5, γ =
2

In original variables
5
y = Ax + Bx2 + x3 .
2

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