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English Version Unit 11

The document provides exercises on identifying and writing cause and effect relationships in English, including choosing the correct passive voice, matching connectors to causes and effects, combining sentence pairs with connectors, and identifying causes and effects in passages. It also provides examples of writing cause and effect paragraphs and discusses vocabulary used to express cause and effect relationships.

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Prabu Dasamuka
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77 views5 pages

English Version Unit 11

The document provides exercises on identifying and writing cause and effect relationships in English, including choosing the correct passive voice, matching connectors to causes and effects, combining sentence pairs with connectors, and identifying causes and effects in passages. It also provides examples of writing cause and effect paragraphs and discusses vocabulary used to express cause and effect relationships.

Uploaded by

Prabu Dasamuka
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BEFORE YOU WRITE

Exercise 1: Passive Voice Choose the correct answer.


1. Flooding ( a. is caused b. causes c. are caused ) by heavy rain.
2. Fire ( a. were produced b. are produced c. is produced) by severe drought
3. Due to technical difficulties, the activity ( a. cancels b. are canceled c. is
canceled).
4. It is prohibited to bring a bag during the test thus, the bag ( a. left b. was left
c. must be left) in the cloakroom.
5. A book ( a. is found b. was found c. find ) in front his house; therefore, he does
not need to buy the new book

Exercise 2 Cause and Effect Connector


Write the transitions below in the right column.

So Since Therefore As

Due to Because Owing to Because of

Result in which is why Consequently

Cause Effect
Because So

Exercise 3 Cause and Effect Sentence


Combine the pair of sentence below into one sentence, using appropriate
connector in general, preposition, conjunction and transition are called connector.

due to; because; therefore, consequently, so, since, because of, but

Example:

Anton got home late. He missed the soccer program on TV.

Anton got home late; consequently, he missed the soccer program on TV.

1. I missed the class. I got up late.

2. Our baby does not sleep very well. The neighborhood is noisy.
3. It was raining. She stayed at home.

4. Hemp is related to marijuana plant. It is illegal in Indonesia.

5. Forestry is important to Indonesia. It generates a lot of incomes and


environmental benefits.

Exercise 4 Cause and Effect Sentence


The parts of the sentences have been mixed up. Join the six parts on the left with
the correct parts

Example:
There is acid in that bottle; therefore, it must be handled very carefully

1. There is acid in that


a. the road was icy.
bottle; therefore...
b. he was unsuccessful.
2. The effect of
c. prolongedprolonged
thefluctuation in
illness.
temperature...
d. it must be handled very
3. Bad labor relation
carefully.
caused..
e. careful storage.
4. The accident occurred
f. the icy road condition
because of...
g. the strike.
5. He passed examination
h. he worked hard.
because..
i. was to kill laboratory
6. Delayed treatment
species.
result in...

Writing Focus

In academic writing, events and action are frequently linked with their cause
and effect. Therefore, we need to able to write cause and effect essay correctly.
Basically, the purposes of cause and effect essay are to discuss the reasons why
something occurs and to discuss the result of an event, feeling, or action.

Before writing a cause and effect text, we need to understand particular


vocabularies to create a good cause and effect text. Look carefully at the
connectives of cause and effect relationships shown below. Notice particularly how
they are used in a sentence construction.

The cause of higher price was an increase in demand.


The reason for higher price was an increase in demand.
The effect of an increase demand is higher prices
The consequence of an increase demand is to raise prices.
One result of an increase demand is to increase prices.
The demand has increased; therefore, the prices are higher.
The demand has increased; as a result, the prices are higher.

The demand has increased consequently, the prices are higher.


Because the demand has increased, the prices are higher.
Since the demand has increased, the prices are higher.

Example of Cause and Effect Paragraph

Bad Effect of Smoking

One of the negative effects of smoking is


A topic sentence that it can cause serious health problems.

Supporting sentences Smoking can increase the chance of


getting lung cancer, as well as cancer of
the mouth, throat, bladder, pancreas and
kidneys. Heart disease and ulcers are also
related to smoking Further, pregnant
women who smoke are more likely to have
premature babies than women who do not
smoke.
In conclusion, smoking can harm human's
A concluding sentence health. Therefore it has to be avoided.

AFTER YOU WRITE

Take a look at the other sample writing of a cause and effect text below.

Climate

For the last hundred years the climate has been growing much warmer. This
has had a number of different effects. Since the beginning of the twentieth century,
glaciers have been melting very rapidly. For example, the Muir glacier in Alaska
has retreated two miles in ten years.
Secondly, rising temperatures have been causing the snowline to retreat on
mountains all over the world. In Peru, for example, it has risen as much as 2700 feet
in 60 years.

As a result of this vegetation has also been changing in Canada, the


agricultural crop line has shifted 50 to 100 miles northward. In the same way cool
climate trees like birches and spruce have been dying over large areas of eastern
Canada. In Sweden the tree line has moved up the mountains by as much as 65 feet
since 1930.

The distribution of wildfire has also been affected, many European animals
moving northwards into Scandinavia. Since 1918, 25 new species of birds have
been seen in Greenland and in the United States birds have been moved their nests
to the north.

Finally, the sea has been rising at a rapidly increasing rate, largely due, as
was mentioned above, the melting of glaciers. In the last 18 years it has risen by
about six inches, which is about four times the average rate of the rise over 9000
years.

Exercise 5 Identifying Cause and Effect Sentence


Now look at the following cause and effect table.

From the text above, copy into table where necessary the causes and effects
mentioned: also writes in the central column the appropriate connective or marker
of the cause/effect relationship. Where an example (eg) is asked for, only write the
first one if more than one is given in the text. The first section has been done as an
example.

Cause Connective Marker Effect


effects
The climate has been Glaciers have been melting
(Different) effects. very rapidly. e.g the Muir
growing much warmer.
Glacier in Alaska has
retreated 2 miles in 10 years
Exercise 6
Look at the diagram relating to poverty. Write one or two paragraphs describing
some causes and effects of poverty in Indonesia. In your paragraph you may include
a definition of poverty.

Poverty (the state of being very poor)

SOME CAUSES SOME EFFECTS


Low wages
Unemployment
In adequate, insufficient, or
Large families
no
Illness
Accommodation
Old age
Food
Alcohol and drugs
Clothing
Gambling
Opportunities
Lack of education
Amenities
Government policies
Possession or
Inflation
Comforts
Natural disasters (drought,famine,
flood, earthquake)

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