924K Small Wheel Loader ENC00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY C7.1 Engine...

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Product:  WHEEL LOADER 
Model:  924K WHEEL LOADER ENC01427 
Configuration: 924K Small Wheel Loader ENC00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY C7.1 Engine 

Troubleshooting
924K, 930K and 938K Wheel Loaders Machine Electronic Control System
Media Number -UENR0289-06 Publication Date -01/08/2014 Date Updated -12/09/2018

i04666969

Sensor Signal (PWM) - Test

SMCS - 1439-038

The following is a list of diagnostic codes that are associated with the PWM Sensors of the machine.

Table 1
Machine ECM (MID 39)
DTC Code Description System Response
The float function will not work properly.
The lift and tilt kickout function will not work
Lift Linkage Position Sensor : properly.
350-3
Voltage Above Normal Snubbing features will not work properly.
Some implement functions may operate at a reduced
speed.
The float function will not work properly.
The left and tilt kickout function will not work
Lift Linkage Position Sensor : properly.
350-4
Voltage Below Normal Snubbing features will not work properly.
Some implement functions may operate at a reduced
speed.
The float function will not work properly.
The left and tilt kickout function will not work
Lift Linkage Position Sensor :
properly.
350-8 Abnormal Frequency, Pulse
Snubbing features will not work properly.
Width, or Period
Some implement functions may operate at a reduced
speed.
Snubbing features will not work properly.
350- Lift Linkage Position Sensor :
Some implement functions may operate at a reduced
13 Calibration Required
speed.
351-3 Tilt Linkage Position Sensor : The tilt kickout function will not work properly.
Voltage Above Normal Snubbing features will not work properly.
Some implement functions may operate at a reduced
speed.

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The tilt kickout function will not work properly.

Tilt Linkage Position Sensor : Snubbing features will not work properly.
351-4
Voltage Below Normal Some implement functions may operate at a reduced
speed.
The tilt kickout function will not work properly.
Tilt Linkage Position Sensor :
Snubbing features will not work properly.
351-8 Abnormal Frequency, Pulse
Some implement functions may operate at a reduced
Width, or Period
speed.
Snubbing features will not work properly.
351- Tilt Linkage Position Sensor :
Some implement functions may operate at a reduced
13 Calibration Required
speed.
Lift Lever Sensor : Voltage Above
352-3 All lift functions will be inoperable.
Normal
Lift Lever Sensor : Voltage Below
352-4 All lift functions will be inoperable.
Normal
Lift Lever Sensor : Abnormal
352-8 All lift functions will be inoperable or intermittent.
Frequency, Pulse Width, or Period
352- Lift Lever Sensor : Calibration Lift Kickouts will not work properly.
13 Required Float function will not work properly.
Tilt Lever Sensor : Voltage Above
353-3 All tilt functions will be inoperable.
Normal
Tilt Lever Sensor : Voltage Below
353-4 All tilt functions will be inoperable.
Normal
Tilt Lever Sensor : Abnormal
353-8 All tilt functions will be inoperable or intermittent.
Frequency, Pulse Width, or Period
353- Tilt Lever Sensor : Calibration
Tilt Kickouts will not work properly.
13 Required
Third Lever Position Sensor : The work tool assigned to the lever will not work
487-3
Voltage Above Normal properly.
Third Lever Position Sensor : The work tool assigned to the lever will not work
487-4
Voltage Below Normal properly.
Third Lever Position Sensor :
The work tool assigned to the lever will not work
487-8 Abnormal Frequency, Pulse
properly.
Width, or Period
Fourth Lever Position Sensor : The work tool assigned to the lever will not work
488-3
Voltage Above Normal properly.
Fourth Lever Position Sensor : The work tool assigned to the lever will not work
488-4
Voltage Below Normal properly.
Fourth Lever Position Sensor :
The work tool assigned to the lever will not work
488-8 Abnormal Frequency, Pulse
properly.
Width, or Period

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2305- Brake/Decelerator Pedal Position The pedal inching position is held at the last known
3 Sensor : Voltage Above Normal position. If diagnostic code is present at Key On, the
drivetrain defaults to a depressed pedal condition.
The pedal inching position is held at the last known
2305- Brake/Decelerator Pedal Position
position. If diagnostic code is present at Key On, the
4 Sensor : Voltage Below Normal
drivetrain defaults to a depressed pedal condition.
Brake/Decelerator Pedal Position The pedal inching position is held at the last known
2305-
Sensor : Abnormal Frequency, position. If diagnostic code is present at Key On, the
8
Pulse Width, or Period drivetrain defaults to a depressed pedal condition.
2305- Brake/Decelerator Pedal Position If diagnostic is present, default duty cycles are used
13 Sensor : Calibration Required to determine pedal position.
Shut down the machine. The ECM will not know
2470- Primary Steering Pressure Sensor : secondary steering pressure. Secondary system will
3 Voltage Above Normal stay on or off depending on what state it was in
before the fault occurred.
2470- Primary Steering Pressure Sensor :
4 Voltage Below Normal
Primary Steering Pressure Sensor :
2470-
Abnormal Frequency, Pulse
8
Width, or Period
The parking brake state is not known.
2976- Parking Brake Oil Pressure
Lower the bucket to the ground and chock all wheels
3 Sensor : Voltage Above Normal
before the operator leaves the cab.
The parking brake state is not known.
2976- Parking Brake Oil Pressure
Lower the bucket to the ground and chock all wheels
4 Sensor : Voltage Below Normal
before the operator leaves the cab.
Parking Brake Oil Pressure The parking brake state is not known.
2976-
Sensor : Abnormal Frequency, Lower the bucket to the ground and chock all wheels
8
Pulse Width, or Period before the operator leaves the cab.
Move the machine to a safe location and cease
operation.
2987- Brake Charge Pressure Sensor #1 :
When the diagnostic code is active, the parking
3 Voltage Above Normal
brake indicator will not illuminate when the switch
is pressed.
Move the machine to a safe location and cease
operation.
2987- Brake Charge Pressure Sensor #1 :
When the diagnostic code is active, the parking
4 Voltage Below Normal
brake indicator will not illuminate when the switch
is pressed.
Move the machine to a safe location and cease
Brake Charge Pressure Sensor #1 : operation.
2987-
Abnormal Frequency, Pulse When the diagnostic code is active, the parking
8
Width, or Period brake indicator will not illuminate when the switch
is pressed.

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2993- Direction Selector Position Sensor If a DTC 2993 and DTC 2994 are active at the same
3 #1 : Voltage Above Normal time, the machine will hold the last known position
of the direction selector.
If a DTC 2993 and DTC 2994 are active at the same
2993- Direction Selector Position Sensor
time, the machine will hold the last known position
4 #1 : Voltage Below Normal
of the direction selector.
Direction Selector Position Sensor If a DTC 2993 and DTC 2994 are active at the same
2993-
#1 : Abnormal Frequency, Pulse time, the machine will hold the last known position
8
Width, or Period of the direction selector
If a DTC 2993 and DTC 2994 are active at the same
2994- Direction Selector Position Sensor
time, the machine will hold the last known position
3 #2 : Voltage Above Normal
of the direction selector.
If a DTC 2993 and DTC 2994 are active at the same
2994- Direction Selector Position Sensor
time, the machine will hold the last known position
4 #2 : Voltage Below Normal
of the direction selector.
Direction Selector Position Sensor If a DTC 2993 and DTC 2994 are active at the same
2994-
#2 : Abnormal Frequency, Pulse time, the machine will hold the last known position
8
Width, or Period of the direction selector.
3527-
Direction Selector : Failure Machine will hold last known position
12
Electronic pressure limiting will be disabled in the
3561- Drive Circuit Forward Pressure forward direction. Rimpull limiting feature will be
3 Sensor : Voltage Above Normal disabled, and the hydrostatic torque limiting will
operate at a reduced level.
Electronic pressure limiting will be disabled in the
3561- Drive Circuit Forward Pressure forward direction. Rimpull limiting feature will be
4 Sensor : Voltage Below Normal disabled, and the hydrostatic torque limiting will
operate at a reduced level.
Electronic pressure limiting will be disabled in the
Drive Circuit Forward Pressure
3561- forward direction. Rimpull limiting feature will be
Sensor : Abnormal Frequency,
8 disabled, and the hydrostatic torque limiting will
Pulse Width, or Period
operate at a reduced level.
3561- Drive Circuit Forward Pressure Electronic pressure limiting will use default pressure
13 Sensor : Out of Calibration limit value.
Electronic pressure limiting will be disabled in the
3562- Drive Circuit Reverse Pressure reverse direction. Rimpull limiting feature will be
3 Sensor : Voltage Above Normal disabled, and the hydrostatic torque limiting will
operate at a reduced level.
Electronic pressure limiting will be disabled in the
3562- Drive Circuit Reverse Pressure reverse direction. Rimpull limiting feature will be
4 Sensor : Voltage Below Normal disabled, and the hydrostatic torque limiting will
operate at a reduced level.
3562- Drive Circuit Reverse Pressure Electronic pressure limiting will be disabled in the
8 Sensor : Abnormal Frequency, reverse direction. Rimpull limiting feature will be
Pulse Width, or Period

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disabled, and the hydrostatic torque limiting will

operate at a reduced level.
Implement Torque Load Control (ITLC) will be
3654- Implement Pump Pressure Sensor :
disabled and the machine will run at a reduced
3 Voltage Above Normal
performance level.
Implement Torque Load Control (ITLC) will be
3654- Implement Pump Pressure Sensor :
disabled and the machine will run at a reduced
4 Voltage Below Normal
performance level.
Implement Pump Pressure Sensor : Implement Torque Load Control (ITLC) will be
3654-
Abnormal Frequency, Pulse disabled and the machine will run at a reduced
8
Width, or Period performance level.

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is a technique for controlling analog circuits with digital outputs.
PWM is employed in various applications ranging from measurement to communication with the
Electronic Control Module (ECM). The duty cycle of a square wave is modulated to encode a
specific analog signal level. The duty cycle is the ratio of the on-time to the period. The modulating
frequency is the inverse of the period. The duty cycle is programmed into the software of the ECM.
The engineer (or programmer) sets the period in the on-chip timer counter that provides the
modulating square wave. The engineer sets the direction of the PWM output along with the on-time
in the PWM control register.

One of the advantages of the PWM sensor is that the signal remains digital all the way from the ECM
to the controlled system. No digital to analog conversion is necessary. By using a digital signal, noise
effects are minimized. Noise affects a digital signal if the noise can change a logic 1 to a logic 0 or a
logic 0 to a logic 1.

Possible Causes for an FMI 3 Diagnostic code are:

• The sensor has failed.

• The sensor supply or the ground circuit in the machine harness is open.

• The signal circuit in the machine harness is shorted to the +battery.

• The signal circuit in the machine harness is open or the sensor is disconnected.

• The system has been activated in Cat ET when there is no component installed on the machine.

• The Machine ECM has failed. A failure of the ECM is unlikely.

Possible Causes for an FMI 4 Diagnostic code are:

• The sensor has failed.

• The signal circuit in the machine harness is shorted to ground.

• The Machine ECM has failed. A failure of the ECM is unlikely.

Possible Causes for an FMI 8 Diagnostic code are:

• The sensor has failed.

• Intermittent connections or poor connections.

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Possible Causes for an FMI 12 Diagnostic code are:

• The sensor has failed.

Possible Causes for an FMI 13 Diagnostic code are:

• The sensor requires calibration.

• The sensor requires adjustment.

• The ECM has been flashed with new software, resulting in a request for calibration.

• The ECM has failed. A failure of the ECM is unlikely.

Note: Prior to beginning this procedure, use Cat ET or the machine monitors to check for an active
DTC 41 code. The DTC 41 indicates a failure of the 8 VDC power supply on the ECM. If the code is
present, refer to the Sensor Supply - Test story to correct this problem before continuing. For
transducers powered via the fuse panel, check the condition of the appropriate fuse before beginning
the troubleshooting procedure.

Note: Prior to beginning this procedure, inspect the harness connectors that are involved in this
circuit. Poor connections can often be the cause of a problem in an electrical circuit. Verify that all
connections in the circuit are clean, secure, and in good condition. If a problem with a connection is
found, correct the problem and verify that the diagnostic code is active before performing a
troubleshooting procedure. For sensors powered via the fuse panel, check the condition of the
appropriate fuse before beginning the troubleshooting procedure.

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Illustration 1 g02793802
Machine ECM J2 PWM Sensors

Note: The diagram above is simplified schematic of the Machine ECM connections. The schematic is
electrically correct. However, not all of the possible harness connectors are shown. Refer to the latest
revision of Electrical Schematic , UENR0290 (924K, 930K, and 938K Wheel Loaders) for the
complete schematic.

Table 2
Troubleshooting Test Steps Values Results
1. Identify Active DTC Code FMI 3 diagnostic code, proceed to Test Step
Associated With Sensor Code present 3.
Circuit
FMI 4 diagnostic code, proceed to Test Step
6.

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FMI 8 diagnostic code, proceed to Test Step

8.

FMI 13 diagnostic code, proceed to Test

Step 11.

FMI 12 diagnostic code, proceed to Test

Step 14.
Begin Process For FMI 3 Troubleshooting HERE
3. Check The Supply Voltage
OK - The voltage reading is correct for the
at the Sensor
suspected faulty sensor.
A. Turn key start switch and
Proceed to Test Step 4.
disconnect switch ON.
STOP
B. Disconnect the machine
harness from sensor.
Voltage is 8.0 NOT OK- The voltage is NOT correct for
VDC ± 0.5 VDC the circuit.
C. Refer to the schematic to
or 10.0 VDC ± 0.5
determine the voltage source
Repair - Refer to the diagnostic code
for the suspected faulty sensor.
procedure in this manual for
troubleshooting of the power supply. After
D. Measure voltage between
the power supply procedure is performed,
supply and ground contacts at
verify the status of the sensor diagnostic
the machine harness connector
code before proceeding.
for the sensor.
4. Check For An Open In OK - The resistance is less than 5 Ω. The
The Sensor Circuit The resistance is signal circuit and the ground circuits of the
less than 5 Ω at all sensor are not open in the machine harness.
A. The sensor remains times during the
disconnected from the manipulation of Proceed to Test Step 5.
machine harness. the harness..
NOT OK - Resistance reading for the
B. Turn the key start switch signal circuit or the return circuit is greater
and the disconnect switch than 5 Ω.
OFF.
Repair: Check the signal circuit or the
C. At the harness connector ground circuit for opens or bad connections.
for the sensor, place a jumper
wire between the signal Note: A resistance that is greater than 5 Ω
contact and the ground but less than 5K Ω would indicate a loose
contact. connection or a corroded connection in the
circuit. A resistance measurement that is
D. Disconnect J1 and J2 greater than 5K Ω would indicate an open in
harness connectors from the the circuit.
ECM.
STOP
E. At machine harness
connector for ECM, measure
the resistance from the signal
contact to return contact for
the sensor.

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F. Gently pull on the wires and

move the wires in a circular
motion at ECM connector and
observe the resistance
readings. Repeat the process
for the sensor connector.
OK - The resistance is greater than 5K Ω.
5. Check Signal Circuit For The harness circuit is correct..
A Short To +Battery
Proceed to Test Step 13.
A. The Sensor and the ECM
are disconnected from the NOT OK- The resistance less than 5 Ω.
harness.
Repair: A short exists in the harness
B. Remove the jumper wire between the +battery and signal circuit.
Resistance greater
installed in the previous step. Repair or replace the machine harness.
than 5K Ω for all
readings.
C. Turn the disconnect switch Note: A resistance that is greater than 5 Ω
and the key start switch OFF. but less than 5K Ω would indicate a loose
connection or a corroded connection in the
D. Measure the resistance circuit. A resistance measurement that is
between the signal wire and all greater than 5K Ω would indicate an open in
other wires used in the J1 and the circuit.
J2 harness connectors.
STOP
Begin Process For FMI 4 Troubleshooting HERE
OK - The diagnostic changed to FMI 3
6. Check The Sensor
when the sensor was disconnected.
A. With FMI 4 active,
Repair: Replace the sensor.
disconnect the sensor from the
machine harness.
STOP
Code changes from
B. Observe Cat ET or the FMI 4 to FMI 3.
NOT OK - The FMI 4 diagnostic code
operator monitor for code
remains active when sensor is disconnected.
change as the sensor is
The sensor not the cause of the problem.
disconnected and connected to
harness.
Proceed to Test Step 7.
7. Check The Signal Circuit OK - The resistance is greater than 5K Ω.
For A Short To Ground The resistance is The harness circuit is correct.
greater than 5K Ω.
A. Turn the key start switch Proceed to Test Step 13.
and the disconnect switch
OFF. NOT OK - The resistance is less than 5 Ω.
A short circuit exists between frame ground
B. Disconnect the J1 harness and the signal circuit.
and J2 connectors from the
ECM. Repair: Repair or replace the machine
harness.
C. Measure the resistance

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between the signal contact for Note: A resistance that is greater than 5 Ω
sensor and all other contacts but less than 5K Ω would indicate a loose
used in the J1 and J2 harness connection or a corroded connection in the
connectors. circuit. A resistance measurement that is
greater than 5K Ω would indicate an open in
the circuit.

STOP
Begin Process For FMI 8 Troubleshooting HERE
8. Check For An Open In
The Sensor Circuit

A. The sensor remains

disconnected from the
machine harness.
OK - The resistance is less than 5 Ω. The
B. Turn the key start switch signal circuit and the ground circuits of the
and the disconnect switch sensor are not open in the machine harness.
OFF.
Proceed to Test Step 9.
C. At the harness connector
for the sensor, place a jumper NOT OK - Resistance reading for the
wire between the signal signal circuit or the return circuit is greater
contact and the ground than 5 Ω.
The resistance is
contact.
less than 5 Ω at all
Repair: Check the signal circuit or the
times during the
D. Disconnect J1 and J2 ground circuit for opens or bad connections.
manipulation of
harness connectors from the
the harness..
ECM. Note: A resistance that is greater than 5 Ω
but less than 5K Ω would indicate a loose
E. At machine harness connection or a corroded connection in the
connector for ECM, measure circuit. A resistance measurement that is
the resistance from the signal greater than 5K Ω would indicate an open in
contact to return contact for the circuit.
the sensor.
STOP
F. Gently pull on the wires and
move the wires in a circular
motion at ECM connector and
observe the resistance
readings. Repeat the process
for the sensor connector.
9. Check The Signal Circuit OK - Measurement is greater than 5K Ω.
For Shorts Reading is greater
than 5K Ω. Proceed to Test Step 10.
A. Turn key start switch and
disconnect switch OFF. NOT OK - Measurement is less than 5 Ω.
The signal circuit in the harness is shorted
B. Disconnect J1 and J2 to ground.
harness connectors from the
Machine ECM. Repair: Repair or replace the machine
harness.

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Remove the jumper wire

installed in the previous step. Note: A resistance that is greater than 5 Ω
but less than 5K Ω would indicate a loose
C. Measure resistance between connection or a corroded connection in the
signal contact for sensor and circuit. A resistance measurement that is
all other contacts used in the greater than 5K Ω would indicate an open in
J1 and J2 harness connectors. the circuit.

STOP
OK - The diagnostic changed to FMI 3
10. Check The Sensor
when the sensor was disconnected.
A. With FMI 8 active,
Repair: Replace the sensor.
disconnect the sensor from the
machine harness.
STOP
Code changes from
B. Observe Cat ET or the FMI 8 to FMI 3.
NOT OK - The FMI 8 diagnostic code
operator monitor for code
remains active when sensor is disconnected.
change as the sensor is
The sensor not the cause of the problem.
disconnected and connected to
harness.
Proceed to Test Step 13.
Begin Process For FMI 13 Troubleshooting HERE
OK - No diagnostic codes related to the
faulty sensor are identified.
11. Check for possible
companion codes. Proceed to Test Step 13.

A. Turn the key start switch NOT OK - More than one diagnostic code
and the disconnect switch ON. No other codes is active or logged related to the suspect
related to the CID code.
B. Open the list of diagnostic faulty sensor are
code lists shown in the Cat ET identified. Repair: Before starting calibration,
system. The list can also be troubleshoot all CID codes related to the
found by navigating the suspect sensor. After troubleshooting is
operator monitor. complete, confirm presence of FMI 13 code.

Proceed to Test Step 13.

OK - Calibration completed.

Proceed to Test Step 13.

12. Perform Calibration.
NOT OK - A second attempt should be
Calibration made to complete the calibration. Check the
A. Use Cat ET to calibrate the
successful. Cat Et program for any information
suspect sensor.
concerning the failure to complete
calibration.

Proceed to Test Step 13.

13. Check If The Diagnostic OK - The diagnostic code does not exist at
Code Remains. The code for the this time. The initial diagnostic code may
have been caused by a poor electrical

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A. Turn the key start switch sensor is NO connection or a short at one of the harness
and the disconnect switch ON. longer present. connections. Resume machine operation.

B. Clear all diagnostic codes. STOP

C. Operate the machine. NOT OK - The diagnostic trouble code has

not been corrected.
D. Stop machine and engage
the safety lock lever. Repair: Recheck the circuit and perform
this procedure again. If the diagnostic code
E. Check if the diagnostic is still active, the Machine ECM may
code for the sensor is active. require replacement.

Prior to replacing the ECM, always contact

the Technical Communicator at your
dealership for possible consultation with
Caterpillar. This consultation may greatly
reduce repair time.

Follow the procedure in Testing and

Adjusting, "ECM - Replace" to replace the
ECM.

STOP
Begin Process For FMI 12 Troubleshooting HERE
14. Check The PWM Duty
Cycle

A. Check the PWM duty cycle OK - All Duty Cycles are within 5% of one
at each switch position: another.

FNR PWM 1 signal circuit All Duty Cycles Proceed to Test Step 15.
between contact 8 (wire E946- are within 5% of
OR(Orange)) and contact 12 one another. NOT OK - The most likely cause is a failed
(wire J764-BR(Brown)). switch, however, proceed to Test Step 13 to
check the switch with the machine harness
FNR PWM 2 signal circuit disconnected.
between contact 9 (wire E947-
WH(White)) and contact 12
(wire J764-BR(Brown)).
15. Check the Status Of The The CID 3527 OK - The CID 3527 FMI 12 diagnostic
Diagnostic Code FMI 12 diagnostic code is not active. The diagnostic code does
code is not active. not exist at this time. The initial diagnostic
A. Perform a 45 N (10 lb) pull code was probably caused by a poor
test on each of the wires that connection or a short at one of the
are associated with the switch connectors that was disconnected and
circuit. reconnected. Resume normal operation.

B. Reconnect all harness NOT OK - The CID 3527 FMI 12

connectors. Make sure that the diagnostic code is active. The problem has
connectors are fully seated and not been corrected.
the clips for each connector

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are fastened. REPAIR - If the problem has not been

corrected, use Caterpillar Electronic
Turn the disconnect switch Technician to perform a "Wiggle Test" on
and the key start switch to the the switch circuit. The wiggle test can detect
ON position. momentary or intermittent shorts or opens
in the machine wiring harness.
Determine if the CID 3527
FMI 12 diagnostic code is If the cause of the problem is not found,
active. perform this procedure again. If no
problems were found during
troubleshooting, the ECM could have
activated the diagnostic code in error.

Prior to replacing an ECM, always contact

the Technical Communicator of your
dealership for possible consultation with
Caterpillar. This consultation may greatly
reduce repair time. If troubleshooting steps
determine that the ECM must be replaced,
refer to Testing and Adjusting, "Electronic
Control Module (ECM) - Replace".

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