R GRADE 10 Physics

12. Weight
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P CHAPTER ( 2 )
Q
The attracting force of the earth acting on a body is defined as
the weight of the body.

=mg
 = weight of the body
m = mass of the body
g = acceleration due to gravity
1. Pressure
PRESSURE

n
The force per unit area acting on a surface in such a way that it
is tending to change the dimensions of the surface is defined as
pressure.
13. True pressure at the depth ‘h’, ( OR )
patm = atmospheric pressure Pressure is defined as the force acting normally per unit area.
p = patm +  g h p = the pressure at the depth
= the bottom pressure In symbol,
= the pressure on the floor F p = pressure
P = total pressure
p =
A F = normal force
A = surface area

R
- The pressure exerted by the liquid depends on the height h and density  - Pressure is a scalar quantity.

14. Manometer 2. Pascal

A glass tube, open at both ends and bent into a U-shape serves Pascal is a unit of pressure equivalent to a force of 1 newton
as a sensitive device for measuring pressure when filled with coloured acting on 1 m2. [ 1 Pa = 1 N m-2 ]
water or light oil. Such a device is called a manometer.
Mercury can also be used as the filling liquid for a manometer. 3. Atmospheric Pressure
The pressure exerted on a body by the atmosphere, due to the
weight of the atmosphere, is called the atmospheric pressure. At the
surface of the earth, atmospheric pressure is 100 kNm-2.
( OR )
pA = pB = patm pA = patm + pBC pA = patm - pBC The pressure exerted by the atmosphere on all living and non-
living things on earth is called atmospheric pressure. At the surface of
15. Buoyancy the earth, atmospheric pressure is 100 kNm-2.
When bodies are immersed in a liquid, there is lost in
weight. This is because of a property of liquids called buoyancy.
4. Units of Pressure
[ 100 kNm-2 = 100 kPa = 105 Pa ]

The units of Pressure

M
16. Archimedes’ Principle
The upward thrust acting on a body which is immersed in a - In MKS / SI system = pascal (Pa)
liquid is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by the body. - In CGS system = dyne per centimetre squared ( dyne cm-2 )
upward thrust = weight of the liquid displaced by the body - In FPS system = pound per inches squared ( lb in-2 )
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R GRADE 10 Physics
-2
- 1 Pa = 1 N m = 10 dyne cm-2
U Han Win Aung ( D Physics ) R R GRADE 10 Physics U Han Win Aung ( D Physics )
9. Mention two simple applications using atmospheric pressure in our
R
Q daily life. Explain.
5. Barometer
A barometer is a device for measuring atmosperic pressure. It
They are ( i ) sucking (ii) syringe
Q
consists of a glass tube about 1 m long sealed at one end and filled ( i ) Sucking
with mercury. The action of sucking increases the volume of the lungs.
Therefore, the air pressure in the lungs and the mouth reduces. The
6. Mercury barometer atmospheric pressure acting on the surface of the liquid will be greater
The mercury barometer is a simplest form. It consists of a glass than the pressure in the mouth. Thus it forces the liquid to rise up the
tube about 1 m long sealed at one end and filled with mercury. The straw into the mouth.
tube is then inverted and the open end is submerged in a reservoir of
mercury; the mercury column is held up by the pressure of the
atmosphere acting on the surface of mercury reservior.
Q
(ii) Syringe
To draw liquid into the syringe, the piston
of the syringe is drawn upwards. This decreases

Fig: Mercury Barometer

a the pressure within the cylinder. Atmospheric
pressure acting on the liquid drives the liquid
into the cylinder through the nozzle.

10. Pressure of height of a column of liquid

The pressure exerted by the liquid is directly proportional to
7. Standard atmospheric pressure ( 1 atm ) the height of the liquid column and the density.
A pressure of 760 mmHg is known as standard atmospheric p = pressure in a liquid
pressure (or) 1 atmosphere ( 1 atm ). p = gh  = density of liquid
g = acceleration due to gravity
8. Normal atmospheric pressure at sea level h = height of a column of liquid

1 atm = 1.013 x 105 Pa Pa = pascal 11. Density of a substance

= 1.01 b b = bar The density of a substance is the mass per unit volume of that
= 14.7 lb in-2 lb in-2 = pound per squared inch substance.
= 760 torr torr = torricelli  = m  = density of a substance
= 760 mmHg mmHg = millimetre mercury V m = mass of a substance
V = volume of a substance
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R GRADE 10 Physics U Han Win Aung ( D Physics )
- We are able to withstand the atmospheric pressure because the
R R GRADE 10 Physics
- Fb = 
U Han Win Aung ( D Physics )
- 0x ¬
K
wpfck
vk ; a&x J
H epfv Q
if
R
blood pressure inside the body is even a bit higher than the = m g (  = mg ) Fb =  V g
atmospheric pressure. =  V g ( m =  V ) - 0x ¬
K
wpfpd
w fw pfyk
i f;o ma&x J
d epfv Q
if
- Nose bleeding sometimes occurs at a place of low atmospheric Fb =  Vs g
pressure because the blood pressure is higher than the atmospheric
pressure. 17. Uses of Archimedes’ Principle
The densities of various substances can be obtained by using
Q Barometer Q Archimedes’ principle.

- The vertical height of the mercury column is dependent only on the - Archimedes’ principle is true not only for liquid but also for gases.
pressure outside the tube.
- It does not depend on the tilt of the column. ( tilt = wpfzu fo k
U
d
apmif;jci f;?) 18. Immersed volume and floating volume
(i) The volume of immersed portion ( Vs)
Vs = the volume of immersed portion
Vs  V = the volume of the whole body
= 
V  = the density of the whole body
= the density of the liquid

- The pressure are the same at each of the points marked X in figure (ii) The volume of floating portion
because the pressure in a liquid does not depend on the container
angle or width. Of course, if the tube is lowered below 760 mm , Vf = V - Vs Vf = floating volume
the mercury would completely fill the tube as in figure (d).
19. Initial weight and Final weight
Q Pressure in a Liquid
Q Initial weight , i = m g
(normal condition) i =  V g (1)
- The pressure exerted by the column is independent of area and the
shape. Final weight , f = i - Fb ( Fb = upward thrust )
(immersed in water) f =  V g -  V g
(t &n fau m fv H
w pfck
u o u fa&m u fao m f = (  -  ) V g (2)
zdt m;o n f {&d , mES i fhyk
o P ²efay:wG
H if
From eq (1) and eq (2) i  V g
rSck
Dr I r &S
d yg/)
d =
f (- )Vg
i  
- The pressure exerted on the bases would be the same even though =
their weights differ.  (  -  )
f

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R GRADE 10 Physics
20. Hydrometer
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- Pascal’s law was discovered by the French scientist Pascal in 1650.
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Hydrometer is an instrument for measuring the density or relative - Pascal’s law is very useful in practical applications.
density of the liquids. - Pascal’s law is not a fundamental law.
- The pressure is exerted equally in the liquid in all directions.

23. A schematic diagram of Hydraulic press

- If the hydrometer floats higher, it indicates that the liquid has higher
density.
- The construction of hydrometer is based on Archimedes’ principle.

21. Pascal’s Law

When a fluid completely fills a vessel, and a pressure is
applied to it at any part of the surface, that pressure is transmitted ********************************************************
n
equally throughout the whole of the enclosed fluid. This is known as
Pascal’s law. NOTE FOR PUZZLES AND OBJECTIVES

pin = pout

Fin
Ain
=
Fout
Aout
Fin =
Fout =
applying effort
upward thrust
M Atmospheric Pressure

- The earth is surrounded by the atmosphere up to a height of many

many miles.
Ain = area of a small piston
- The atmospheric pressure acts on all living and non-living things on
Win = Wout Aout = area of a large piston
earth.
Lin = distance moved by small piston
- The atmospheric pressure changes according to locality and time.
Fin Lin = Fout Lout Lout = distance moved by large piston
- The atmospheric pressure at the plains is higher than that at the
hilly regions.
- The atmosphere which consists largely of masses of gases has weight.
22. Practical applications of Pascal’s Law Therefore it can exert pressure.
(1) Hydraulic brakes ( cars and other road vehicles ) - The surface area of the body of an average person is 2 m2.
(2) Hydraulic press ( baling jute, shaping steel and metal sheets ) - The atmospheric pressure on the earth’s surface is about 100 kNm-2.
- The force exerted on a person by the atmosphere is 200 kN or 20
- Very useful device based on Pascal’s law is hydraulic lift. tons. ( F = pA = 100 kNm-2 x 2 m2 = 200 kN )
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R GRADE 10 Physics
= mg ( m= V)
U Han Win Aung ( D Physics ) R R GRADE 10 Physics
(t &n f au mfv Hr sm;o n f t av ;csd
ef t r sd
K
U Han Win Aung ( D Physics )
;r sd
K
; &S
M
du
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=  (  =mg)

= weight of the liquid displaced by the body.
Q ao mfv n f; at mu fajco k
rS
mt wlw lyi f jzpfo n f/)
Uo u fa&mu fao mzd
d t m;

3. Show that the ratio of the densities is equal to the ratio of the
volume of immersed portion to the volume of the whole body. (OR) - The weight of the liquid column depends on its base area.
A body floats in a liquid. How is the ratio of density of fluid and - The pressure in a liquid is called liquid pressure.
that of the body related to their respective volume? Does this - The pressure in a liquid depends on the depth under the surface of
apply to gases as well? the liquid
- The deeper the point inside the liquid, the greater is the pressure at
that point.
Let the volume of the whole body = V
- Since the weight of liquid becomes greater as the depth increases,
Let the volume of the immersed portion = Vs
the pressure also increases with depth.
Let the density of the body = 
- Pressure at any point inside the liquid is the same in all directions.
Let the density of the liquid = 
- The pressure exerted by the liquid depends on the height h and
Fb = Vs g
density 
= m g =  V g ( m =  V )
In equilibrium,
upward thrust = weight Q Archimedes’ Principle Q
Fb =  - Archimedes’ principle is true not only for liquid but also for gases.
Vs g =  V g - The weight of the body lost when it is immersed in a liquid because
Vs  of a property of liquid called buoyancy.
=
V 

Yes, this applies to gases as well.

V - A body will float in a liquid (fluid) if the upward thrust, due to the
liquid (fluid), acting on it is equal to its weight.
- A body will sink in a liquid if the weight of the body is greater
than upward thrust due to the liquid acting on it.
Note:

Q Hydrometer Q
Note; - Hydrometer usually consists of a glass tube with a long bulb at one
end.
- If the hydrometer floats higher, it indicates that the liquid has higher

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density.
- The hydrometer sinks in the liquid until the weight of the liquid
displaced is equal to weight of the hydrometer.
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R GRADE 10 Physics U Han Win Aung ( D Physics ) R R GRADE 10 Physics U Han Win Aung ( D Physics ) R
- The hydrometer is calibrated to measure the density of the liquid in
kg m-3.
- Special hydrometers are used to test the specific gravity of
R FORMULA DERIVATIONS
R
1. Drive an equation to calculate the pressure in a liquid. (OR)
solutions in storage batteries, in order to determine the condition of
Obtain the pressure ‘p’ at the depth h in a liquid of density. (OR)
the battery.
Derive the pressure exerted by the liquid at the bottom surface
- The relative density of acid in a fully charged car battery is 1.25.
with depth ‘h’.
- Milk and wine can be tested to make sure they have not been diluted
with water.
Let the volume of the liquid in the tank , V = A h
- The construction of hydrometer is based on Archimedes’ principle.
the mass of liqid in the tank , m = V

Q Pascal’s Law ( Hydraulic Press ) Q the weight of liquid,  = mg =  V g = Ah g

The pressure exerted by the liquid at the bottom surface,
F  Ahg
- Pascal’s law was discovered by the French scientist Pascal in 1650. pliquid = = = =  g h ( F= )
A A A
- Pascal’s law is very useful in practical applications.
- Pascal’s law is not a fundamental law.
- A hydraulic press is a very useful machine.
The total (true) pressure at the depth ‘h’,
ptotal = patm + pliquid
Q
- The pressure is exerted equally in the liquid in all directions.
ptotal = patm +  g h ( patm = atmospheric pressure )
- Pascal’s law is extremely useful for practical purposes because
the construction of hydraulic brakes, hydraulic presses and
2. Show that “upward thrust = weight of the liquid displaced by the
hydraulic lift are based on Pascal’s law.
body” (OR) Verify the Archimedes’ Principle.
- Very useful device based on Pascal’s law is hydraulic lift.
Top pressure, p1 = patm +  g h
By means of hydraulic lifts, vehicles are lifted high on ramps for
Bottom pressure, p2 = patm +  g ( h + H )
repairs and servicing.
= patm +  g h +  g H

Since, p = F ; F = p A
A
Downward force, F1 = p1 A
Upward force, F2 = p2 A
Upward thrust, Fb = F2 - F1
= p 2 A - p1 A
= A [ p 2 - p1 ]
Manometers are very sensitive for measuring pressure differences, = A [ patm +  g h +  g H - patm - g h ]
especially when the filling liquid is water or light oil. A manometer
filled with a denser liquid such as mercury is not as sensitive.
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a =  gAH

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= g V ( V = A H )
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R GRADE 10 Physics U Han Win Aung ( D Physics ) R R GRADE 10 Physics U Han Win Aung ( D Physics ) R
17. What instrument do you use to measure the atmospheric
pressure? (or) For what purpose the barometer is used?
Barometer is used to measure the atmospheric pressure.
Q PUZZLES AND QUESTIONS
Q
Atmospheric pressure and Pressure in a liquid
Manometer; Archimedes’ principle; Hydrometer
1. How is normal atmospheric pressure (or) ordinary atmospheric
pressure taken?
18. What instrument do you use to measure the pressure? What is
used as a filling liquid in a manometer? The atmospheric pressure at sea level is measured many times
Manometer is used to measure the pressure. for many days and the average value is taken as normal atmospheric
Coloured water or light oil is used as a filling liquid in a manometer. pressure (or) ordinary atmospheric pressure.
Mercury is also used as a filling liquid in a manometer.
2. How is the nose bleeding related to the atmospheric pressure? Does
the atmospheric pressure change according to locality and time?
19. What instrument do you use to measure the density or relative
density of liquid? The blood pressure inside the body is higher than the
Hydrometer is used to measure the density or relative density of atmospheric pressure.
liquid. Yes. The atmosperic pressure changes according to locality
and time.
20. Why it is easier to float in the sea than in a swimming pool?(Ex: 26)
The density of sea water is greater than that of swimming pool water. 3. Why are you able to withstand atmospheric pressure?
The upward thrust acting on the liquid is directly proportional to the density Because the blood pressure inside the body is even a bit higher
of the liquid. There is a greater upward thrust in the sea. than the atmosperic pressure.
Therefore, it is easier to float in the sea than in a swimming pool.
4. At sea level, what is the approximately value of atmospheric
pressure (i) in Pa (ii) in mmHg (iii) in atm? ( Ex: 10 )
21. Steel will float in liquid (mercury) but sink in water. So how does a
steel ship manage to float in water? ( Ex: 17 ) ( i ) 1.013 x 105 Pa
(ii ) 760 mmHg
There is far more air in a ship than steel, ( because a ship is
hollow and contain air ), so the average density of the ship is less than
that of water.
(iii) 1 atm.

5. Write down the normal atmospheric pressure at sea level.

Y
1 atm = 1.013 x 105 Pa = 1.01 b = 14.7 lb in-2
22. An ocean-liner was loaded at the port of Yangon. Would the ocean-
liner sink deeper or not when it reached the ocean? Explain.(Ex:16)
The density of sea water is greater than that of river water.
= 760 torr = 760 mmHg
M
There is a greater upward thrust in the ocean. ( Fb =  g V ; Fb  ) 6. Mention two simple applications using atmosperic pressure in our
Therefore, the ocean-liner would not sink deeper when it reached daily life.
the ocean. They are (i) sucking and (ii) syring.
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R GRADE 10 Physics U Han Win Aung ( D Physics ) R R GRADE 10 Physics U Han Win Aung ( D Physics ) R
7. Explain why the thickness of the wall of the dam increases down-
wards. ( Ex: 14 ) Q Barometer Questions and Puzzles Q
The thickness of the dam increases downwards because the deeper 13. Why is the mercury used in a barometer rather than water? (Ex: 8)
it is, the greater water pressure. A thicker wall is required to withstand a The pressure exerted by the atmosphere is the same for water and
greater water pressure. mercury.
pw = pHg
8. A beaker containing water and placed on a pan in balance by the w g hw = Hg g hHg ( Hg = 13.6 w , hHg = 0.76 m )
weight which is in the other pan of the balance. Explain what will 
happen if a man immerses his finger in the water without hw =  Hg hHg

M
w
touching the beaker. ( Ex: 15 )
13.6 w
The balance becomes unbalanced. It is because a certain = w x 0.76
pressure is exerted by the finger and it transmitted through out and a
downward force acting on the bottom surface of beaker. = 10.336 m
 hw > hHg
9. What factors does the pressure in a liquid depend? If water is used in a barometer, it will rise to a height of 10.336 m.
Since; the pressure in a liquid column, p =  g h It is difficult to read this type of barometer.
The pressure exerted by the liquid is directly proportional to
the height of the liquid column and the density of the liquid. 14. Will the mercury column be higher or lower than 76 cm when the
It also depends on the acceleration due to gravity. whole up of the barometer is taken to a high mountain top?
Explain your observation. ( Ex: 7 )
10.Why can atmosphere exert pressure? Less, because the pressure of the surrounding air is less than that at
The atmosphere which consists largely of masses of gases has the sea level. This is because, at greater heights, air is thin.
weight and exerts pressure.
15. What will be the effect, if any, on the mercury column if the glass
11. Where does nose bleeding occur? tube used has (i) a smaller internal diameter (ii) a slightly bigger
Nose bleeding occurs at a place of low atmospheric pressure. internal diameter? ( Ex: 6 )
No effect. The mercury column will remain at 76 cm.
12.Compare the atmospheric pressures at the plains and at the hilly
regions. 16. What is the effect on the vertical height of the mercury column in
The atmospheric pressure at the plains is higher than at the a barometer of (a) using a wider glass tube (b) pushing the tube
hilly regions because more air is above the plains than mountains. further into bowl (c) tilting the glass tube at an angle (d) taking
the barometer to the top of the mountain? ( Ex: 9 )
aMu mu fN
yD ; rzwfb Jae&i f ½lyaA' &JUo ab mw&m;awG uk d (a) No effect. (b) No effect (c) No effect.
(d) The vertical height of the mercury column in a barometer
ri f;ro d
Ek
i fb l;aemfro d
d &i f ri f; t rsm;&J
U
aemu fr S
mu sefcJ
N
h
yD will be lower.
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R GRADE 10 Physics U Han Win Aung ( D Physics ) R R GRADE 10 Physics U Han Win Aung ( D Physics ) R
Q EXERCISE Q 23. Why is the weight of the body lost when it is immersed in a liquid?
The weight of the body lost when it is immersed in a liquid
TYPE ( 1 ) because of a property of liquid called buoyancy.
PRESSURE, BAROMETER, HEIGHT OF LIQUID COLUMN
24. Under what condition can a body float in a liquid (fluid)?
A body will float in a liquid (fluid) if the upward thrust, due to

N
Formula Units relation
1 atm = 1.013 x 105 Pa the liquid (fluid), acting on it is equal to its weight.
p = F = 14.7 lb in-2
A = 1.01 b 25. Under what condition will a body sink and rise up to the surface
= 760 torr in a liquid?
p =  g h ( for height of column )
= 760 mmHg - If the weight of the body is greater than the upward thrust,
g = 13.6 w the body will sink in a liquid.
- If the weight of the body is smaller than the upward thrust,
pearth surface = 100 kNm-2 = 100 kPa = 105 Pa the body will rise up to the surface in a liquid.
for density of water; water = 1000 kg m-3 = 1 g cm-3
26. Mention one of the uses of Archimedes’ principle.
for density of mercury; Hg = 13600 kg m-3 = 13.6 g cm-3 Archimedes’ principle is used to determine the densities of
for height of mercury column; hHg = 760 mm = 76 cm = 0.76 m various substances.
- Pressure of height of liquid column [ kawG
U
vQi fp = g h yk
H
ao en f;u d
ko k
H
;í wG
u fyg/
27. For which is Archimedes’ principle true?
1. Express 2 atm pressure in mmHg and bars. ( E.g: 2 ) Archimedes’ principle is true not only for liquids but also for
Express 3 atm pressure in mmHg and bars. ( Old Q ) gases.

2. Find the force due to the atmosphere which is 3 m2 on the earth Pascal’s law ( Hydraulic press and Hydraulic brake )
surface. (E.g; 3)
28. ‘Although Pascal’s law is not a fundamental law, it is very useful
3. Compare the atmospheric pressures and forces acting on a man and a law for practical purpose. ‘Is this statement correct?’ Discuss.
child who are standing side by side. ( E.g; 4) Yes. It is extremely useful for practical purposes. The construction
of hydraulic brakes, hydraulic presses and hydraulic lift are base on
4. Determine the pressure at the bottom of a column of mercury 76 cm Pascal’s law. ( Ex: 2 )
high. The density of mercury is 13.6 x 103 kg m-3.(g = 9.8 m s-2) (OQ)
29. Describe any two machines using Pascal's law?
5. Calculate the height of a column of water which could be supported They are hydaulic press and hydraulic lift.
by the atmosphere at sea level. ( The density of water is 1000 kg m-3 ) 30. For what is a hydraulic press used?
( Ex; 4 ) A hydraulic press is used for the pressing of automobile bodies.
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R GRADE 10 Physics U Han Win Aung ( D Physics ) R R GRADE 10 Physics U Han Win Aung ( D Physics ) R
Q OBJECTIVE TYPES
Q 8. A totally immersed body experiences the force from the top, bottom
and at the sides.
9. A totally immersed spherical body experiences the force in all
Fill in the blanks.
directions.
1. The atmospheric pressure changes according to locality and ............
2. When a body is immersed in a liquid, there is loss in ............. . 10. Nowadays, electric pressure sensors are used rather than manometers.
3. Nose bleeding sometimes occurs at a place of .............. atmospheric 11. The levels of the liquids on both sides of a manometer will be equal if
the pressure exerted on the two sides is the same.
pressure.
4. The atmospheric pressure at the plain is higher than that at ............... . 12. If the level of the liquid one side of a manometer is lower than the
other, the pressure exerting at that side is greater.
5. The normal atmospheric pressure at sea level is .............. kNm-2 .
6. Manometer is a device used to measure the .................. . 13. If the weight of a body is greater than the upward thrust, the body will
sink.
7. A ................... is a device for measuring atmospheric pressure.
8. The ................ is an instrument for measuring the density of liquids. 14. If the weight of a body is less than the upward thrust, the body will
raise up to the surface.
9. The weight of the liquid column depends on its ............... .
10. pressure at any point inside the liquid is ............ in all directions. 15. The construction of hydraulic brakes and hydraulic presses are based
on Pascal’s law.
11. The deeper the point inside the liquid, the .......... is the pressure at that
point. 16. In a hydraulic press, the work done at the small piston is the same as
the work done at the large piston.
12. The pressure exerted by the liquid column is independent of .......... .
13. A manometer is very sensitive when filling liquid is ............... . 17. A hydraulic press turns a small effort applied into a large output
force.
14. A manometer filled with a denser liquid such as ............... is not as
sensitive. 18. In a hydraulic press, the force applied is always less than the force
produced at the output.
15. The .............. force cannot be found from Archimedes’ principle.
16. Only the .......... acting on a body can be obtained from Archimedes’ 19. A hydraulic press is used for the pressing of automobile bodies.
principle.
17. There is a ............... at the top of the Hg barometer. rS
w fcsu fav ;awGa&;M
u r, f

Are the following statements True or False?

1. The densities of ice and water are the same.
2. Manometers are used to measure the atmospheric pressure.
3. Mercury is used in a barometer rather than water.
4. The hydrometer is an instrument for measuring the density of liquid.
5. The atmospheric pressure changes according to locality and time.
The pressure depends on the depth under the surface of the liquid.
6.
7. The pressure increased with depth because the weight of liquid
becomes greater as the depth increases.

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R GRADE 10 Physics
- Archimedes' principle ES
U Han Win Aung ( D Physics )
i fhywfo wfao mballoon yk pä
m r sm ;wG
u f&m wGi f Total mass
R R GRADE 10 Physics U Han Win Aung ( D Physics )
6. What will be the new height of the column, if water is used instead of
R
ay;x m ;v Qi f weight wpfr sd K
;o m , lí wG u f&r n f/ mercury? ( mercury is 13.6 times heavier than water ). ( Ex ; 5 )
- Balloon x Jo d Ugas jzn fh
k ao m t cg Balloon \ weight ES i fhjzn fh
ao mgas \ weight
[ lí weight ES pfr sd
K
;&S&ygr n f/ (Total ay;r x m
d ;v Qi fjzpfygo n f) 7. What is the height of a column of a turpentine that would exert the
- Immersed volume / floating volume yk pä
m r sm;wGi f wd u sao mx k x n fay;x m ;v Q
if same pressure as 5 cm of the mercury? ( density of turpentine = 840
wd u sao m xk x n fw efzd ;t wk
k i f; cm3/m3 jzi fh jyay;N
d yD ; percent jzi fh t ajzx d ;ay;yg/
k kg m-3 ; density of mercury = 13600 kg m-3 ). ( Ex: 13 )
- wd u sao m xk x n f ay;r x m ;v Q i fv n f; percent (%) jzi fh t ajzx k w fay;&r n f/
- epfjr Kwf^ay: yk pä
m r sm;wG u f&mwG i f rlv t ajct ae&S dt av ;csd efu kd i o wfr S
 wfí a&x Jepfjr K wfao m 8. What is the height of a column of a turpentine that would exert the
t av ;csd efu kdf [ ko wfr S wfx m ;ygo n f/ a&x Jepfao m 0w¬ Ko n fupward thrust yi fh tm ;aMum i fh same pressure as 6 cm of the mercury? ( density of turpentine = 0.87
r l, i f;t av ;cd sef q k ½IH
H ;&ao m aM um i fhr l&i f;t av ;cd sef i r SFb yi fh tm ;u kdEIw fjci f;jzpfo n f/ g cm-3 ; density of mercury = 13.6 g cm-3 ). ( Old Q )

9. At sea level the atmospheric pressure is 76 cmHg. If the pressures

1. The weight of the metal block of unknown volume is 10 N. The falls by 10 mmHg per 120 m ascent, what is the height of a mountain
apparent weight of the metal block is only 8 N when it is immersed in when the barometer reads 70.5 cmHg. ( Ex: 12 )
water. Find the density and the volume of the metal block. ( E.g: 9 )
10. The mercury barometer in the figure contains
2. The weight of a body in its normal(standard) condition is 300 N and some trapped air in the tube. If a barometer
the weight of 200 N when it is immersed in water. Find the density and reads 75 cmHg, what is the pressure exerted by
volume of the body. (Ex: 20) the trapped air? ( Ex: 11 )

3. Icebergs are made of fresh-water ice, which has a density of 0.92 x 103 11. Find the pressure at the points A, B, C, and D as shown in figure.
kg/m3 at 0oC. Ocean water, largely because of the dissolved salt, has a ( e.g: 1 )
density of about 1.025 x 103 kg/m3. What fraction of an iceberg lies
below the surface? ( E,g: 10 )

R
4. The density of 1 cm3 cubical ice block is 0.9 g cm-3. What portion of
the floating ice block will be above the water surface? ( Ex: 21 )

5. The density of the lead block is 11.5 g cm-3 and it is floating in

mercury of density 13.6 g cm-3. ( i ) What portion of the lead block is
immersed in mercury? ( ii ) What force is needed to press the block to
immerse it totally if the mass of the lead block is 2 kg? Also find the
direction of the force needed to press the block to immerse it totally.
( Ex: 22 )

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R GRADE 10 Physics U Han Win Aung ( D Physics ) R R GRADE 10 Physics U Han Win Aung ( D Physics ) R
Q
TYPE ( 2 )
True pressure at the depth, Total pressure,
Bottom pressure, Pressure on the floor
Q R TYPE (2); Old Questions
R
7. Find the pressure on a diver who is at a depth of 10 m below the
surface of the water.

N p = patm +  g h

patm = atmospheric pressure

M 8. Find the pressure on a diver who is at the depth of 6 m below the
surface of water. ( g = 9.8 m s-2 )

- Total, Bottom, floor, True pressure at the depth [ k

awG
U
vQi f o ;k
&r n fhyk
H ao en f;r S
H m 9. The total pressure at the bottom of a tank is 2 atm. To what height has
p = patm + g h jzpfo n f/ the water been filled in the tank?

10. The density of sea water is 1200 kg m-3. How many times is the
-3
1. The density of sea water is 1025 kg m . How many times is the pressure at the depth of 3 km under the sea surface greater than the
pressure at the depth of 2 km under the sea surface greater than the atmospheric pressure.
atmospheric pressure. ( E.g; 5 )
11. At what depth will the pressure exerted on a man be three times that of
2. The total pressure at the bottom of a tank is 3 atm. To what height has the pressure at the surface of water?
the water been filled in the tank? ( E.g; 6 )
Q TYPE ( 3 ) Q
3. Find the pressure on a diver who is at a depth of 5 m below the surface Archimedes’ Principle, immersed volume, floating volume,
of the water. ( E.g; 7 ) Initial(real) weight (wi ) and final(apparent) weight (wf )

4. The pressure at the height of 1 m from the floor is the normal atmo- Archimedes’ Principle; upward thrust (Fb) = weight of the liquid
spheric pressure 1.01 x 105 Pa. If the temperature is 0oC, what is the displaced by the body.
difference between the pressure on the floor and the pressure at 1 m Vs 
height. ( E.g; 8 ) Immersed Volume, =
V 
5. At what depth will the pressure exerted on a man be twice that of the Floating Volume, Vf = V - Vs
pressure at the surface of water? ( Ex: 18 )

6. Obtain the pressure p at the depth h in a liquid of density. (Or) Derive

an equation to calculate the pressure in a liquid. ( Or ) Write down the
expression for true pressure at the depth h in a liquid of density. (Or)
Initial weight,

Final weight,
i =  V g

f = i - Fb =
n
 V g -  V g

Show that the pressure in a liquid is directly proportional to the depth. = (  ) V g

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R GRADE 10 Physics U Han Win Aung ( D Physics ) R R GRADE 10 Physics U Han Win Aung ( D Physics )
6. A helium ballon is designed to support a load of 1000 kg. If the ballon
R
Q TYPE (4)
Pascal's law; ( Hydaulic press ) Q is filled with helium what should its volume be? ( The mass of helium
is not included in the net load of 1000 kg.) ( density of air and helium
are 1.29 kg m-3 and 0.18 kg m-3 ). ( g = 10 m s-2 ) ( E.g: 11 )
Fin Fout
= A =  r2
Ain Aout 7. The total mass of gas which fills meterological balloon is 50 kg. The
r = d balloon string is tied to a post which is fixed to the earth. Find the
Fin Lin = Fout Lout 2 tension in the string if the volume of the balloon is 110 m3 and the
r = radius , d = diameter density of air is 1.3 kg m-3. ( Ex: 19 )

1. The areas of the pistons of a hydraulic press are 2 in2 and 10 in2. How 8. A 30 kg balloon is filled with 100 m3 hydrogen. What force is needed
much effort should be applied on the small piston to produce an to hold the balloon to prevent it from rising up? ( Density of air is 1.3
upward thrust of 500 lb on the larger piston? ( E.g: 12 ) kg m-3 and density of hydrogen is 0.09 kg m-3 ). ( Ex: 24 )

2. The radii of small piston and large piston of a hydraulic press are 1 in 9. The weighted rod floats with 6 cm of its length under water ( density
and 10 in respectively. Find the upward thrust on the large piston where 1000 kg m-3 ). What length is under the surface when the rod floats
20 lb effort is applied to small piston. ( E.g : 13 ) in brine? ( density 1200 kg m-3 ). ( Ex : 25 )

3. A hydraulic ( water power ) press consists of 1 cm and 5 cm diameter

pistons. ( i ) What force must be applied on the small piston so that the
Q TYPE (3) Old Questions Q
large piston will be able to raise 10 N load? (ii) To what height would 10. The weight of a metal block of unknown volume is 15 N. The appar-
the load be raised when the small piston has moved 0.1 m? ( Ex: 23 ) ent weight of the metal block is only 12 N when it is immersed in
water. Find the density and the volume of the metal block.
4. The radii of small piston and large piston of a hydraulic press are 1 in
and 5 in respectively. Find the upward thrust on the large piston where 11. The weight of a body in its normal (standard) condition is 500 N and
30 lb effort is applied to small piston. ( Old Q ) the weight of 300 N when it is immersed in water. Find the density and
volume of the body. ( Old Q )
5. State Pascal’s law. Express the uses of the law. A hydraulic press con-
sists of 20 cm and 10 cm diameter pistons. What force must be applied 12. The weight of a metal block in its normal (standard) condition is 200
on the small piston so that the large piston will be able to raise 100 N N and the weight of 100 N when it is immersed in sea water. The
load? ( Old Q ) density of sea water is 1025 kg m-3. Find the density and volume of the
metal block. (Old Q)
6. Draw a schematic diagram of hydraulic press. A cube with sides 3 cm
long is made from a material of density 9 g cm-3. What is the volume 13. The weight of a metal block of unknown volume is 10 N. The
and the mass of cube? ( Old Q ) densities of metal and water are 5000 kg m-3 and 1000 kg m-3.
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R GRADE 10 Physics U Han Win Aung ( D Physics )
respectively. Find the apparent weight of the metal block when it is
R R GRADE 10 Physics U Han Win Aung ( D Physics )
in mercury? ( ii ) What force is needed to press the block to immerse
R
immersed in water and the volume of the metal block. it totally if the mass of the lead block is 3 kg? Also find the direction
of the force needed to press the block to immerse it totally.
14. The density of ice is 920 kg m-3 and the density of sea water is 1025 kg
m-3. What portion of a big block of ice will be immersed in sea water? 22. The total mass of gas which fills meterological balloon is 40 kg. The
Find the direction of the force needed to press the block to immerse it balloon string is tied to a post which is fixed to the earth. Find the
totally. ( Is about 90 % of the ice block immersed in water?) tension in the string if the volume of the balloon is 110 m3 and the
density of air is 1.3 kg m-3.
15. The density of 1 cm3 cubical ice block is 0.88 g cm-3. What portion of
the floating ice block will be above the water surface? Density of 23. The total mass of gas which fills meterological balloon is 55 kg. The
water is 1gcm-3. Name the law that you have applied for that problem. balloon string is tied to a post which is fixed to the earth. Find the
tension in the string if the volume of the balloon is 110 m3 and the
16. The density of ice is 0.89 that of sea water. What portion of the big density of air is 1.3 kg m-3.
block of ice will be floating above the surface of sea water?
24. A 40 kg balloon is filled with 150 m3 hydrogen. What force is needed
17. A block of wood floats in water two-third of its volume submerg. In to hold the balloon to prevent it from rising up? ( Density of air is 1.3
oil, the block floats with 0.9 of its volume submerg. Find the density kg m-3 and density of hydrogen is 0.09 kg m-3 ).
of wood and oil. ( density of water is 1000 kg m-3 ).
25. A 15 kg balloon is filled with 50 m3 hydrogen. What force is needed to
18. The density of the lead block is 11.5 g cm-3 and it is floating in hold the balloon to prevent it from rising up? ( Density of air is 1.29
mercury of density 13.6 g cm-3. What portion of the lead block is kg m-3 and density of hydrogen is 0.09 kg m-3 ).
above in the mercury?
26. A 50 kg balloon is filled with 100 m3 hydrogen. What force is needed
19. What force is needed to press the block of lead to immerse in mercury to hold the balloon to prevent it from rising up? ( Density of air is 1.29
of density 13.6 g cm-3 if the mass of the lead block is 3 kg? ( density of kg m-3 and density of hydrogen is 0.09 kg m-3 )
lead block is 11.5 g cm-3 )
27. A helium ballon is designed to support a load of 1110 kg. If the ballon
20. The density of the lead block is 11.5 g cm-3 and it is floating in is filled with helium what should its volume be? ( The mass of helium
mercury of density 13.6 g cm-3. ( i ) What portion of the lead block is is not included in the net load of 1110 kg.) ( density of air and helium
immersed in mercury? ( ii ) What force is needed to press the block to are 1.29 kg m-3 and 0.18 kg m-3 ).
immerse it totally if the mass of the lead block is 11.5 kg? Also find
the direction of the force needed to press the block to immerse it. 28. A helium ballon is designed to support a load of 1200 kg. If the ballon
is filled with helium what should its volume be? ( The mass of helium
21. The density of the lead block is 12 g cm-3 and it is floating in mercury is not included in the net load of 1200 kg.) ( density of air and helium
of density 13.6 g cm-3. ( i ) What portion of the lead block is immersed are 1.3 kg m-3 and 0.2 kg m-3 ).
P U Han Win Aung ( D Physics ) yn m okc Page ( 50 ) Q P U Han Win Aung ( D Physics ) yn m okc Page ( 51 ) Q
R
GRADE 10 Physics U Han Win Aung ( D Physics ) R R GRADE 10 Physics U Han Win Aung ( D Physics ) R
- t cko i f&r J
Pressure; Atmospheric pressure; Barometer
ht cef;u pressure zd t m;t cef;aygh / zd t m;q k wJ
d hae&mrS mav x k zd t m;? Q SOME GCSE QUESTIONS Q
a&x k zdt m;?a&t eu fzd t m;q k N
d
yD; zd t m;awG t aM u mif; r i f;wk Yo i f&r , fav /
d 1. Two simple barometers are used to measure pressure. Calculate the
2
- v lw pfa, mu f&J UcE¨mu d ,k f { &d , mt u s, fu 2 m cefY&S d
w , fav / u r Ç mh
r su fES mjyi fr S
m height of a column of water which water which will exert the same
o u fa&mu faewJ hav x k zdt m;u 100 kN m-2 cefY&S w , fu G
d / t J 'Dawmhwk t ay:r S
Y
d m pressure as the 20 cm column of mercury. The density of mercury is
o u fa&mu faewJ ht m;u 200 kN av mu f&S aew, fav / wef20 av mu faygh
d / 13.6 g/cm³ and water is 1.0 g/cm³.
-t J 'Dvk dzd t m;awG ud ki gwd cH
Y
k Edi f&n f&S
k w mb maM
d u mifh v n f; q k awmhi gwk
d YcE¨mu k
d , fx J
d rSm
&SaewJhao G
d ;zdt m;u av x k zd
t m;x u ft en f;i , fyk aev k
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daygh uG m/' gq k dt yi fawG ?wpfjcm; 2. A pressure that can support a column of water 60cm high supports a
t &mawG u a&mav x kzd t m;' P fcH Edi fw mb maM
k u mifh v n f;q kd &i fawmho b m0w&m;aygh uG m/ column of given salt solution 50cm high. Find the density of the salt
t J 'Do b m0w&m;u Action and reaction aygh uG m/ Newton's third law u k djypf solution.(water = 1gcm-3 )
y, fx m;v k Yr &b l;aygh
d /
- av x k zdt m;u ae&ma' o eJ Yt cd seft cgt &awmhajymif;v n f;aew, fu G / 3. Determine the pressure at the bottom of a column of mercury 76cm
- awmifay:a' o x u fajr jyefY a' o u av zd t m;yk d
r sm;w, fu G / awmifay:a' o r S mav u yg; high. The density of mercury is 13.6 x 10³kgm-³.( g = 9.8 m s-² )
oG m;NyD; zdt m;av smh en f;o G m;w, fav / r S w fu Gm0i f½kd ;pG ef;u t D au G w mx u fzd t m;en f;r , fu G /
- av zd t m;eJw meJYB uH K
wJh t cgES macgi f;ao G ;v QwmB
H uH K
zl;Mu rS maygh / b maM u mifh v n f; av x kzd t m; 4. A vessel with vertical sides and a base of area 0.05 m² contains liquid
eJYwk d
&J
YUao G ;zdt m;wk Yu G
d m[ csu fB uD ;r m;v k Yjzpf&wmu G
d / q u fN yD ;awG ;M
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u aygh uG m/ of density 1100 kg m-3 and depth 6m.Calculate (a) the mass of liquid
- t mu mo x J oG m;wJht cgt mu mo 0wfpk H
B
uD ; 0wfx m;&wmu t mu mo x J rSmav x k zdt m;u in the vessel, (b) the weight of this liquid, (c) the pressure exerted by
ok n u /Gr i f;&J Uu d, fx J
k rS m&S wJ
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t J'D 0wfpk H
u av x kzd t m;u kdzefw D ;ay;x m;&wmu G / 0wfo mrx m;&i fr i f;&J Uao G ;awG yG u fyGuf
q lo m G;r S
mu sd ef;ao yJ uG / 5. The diagram shows below, two barometer tubes X and Y. Both have
- r i f;wkd
Y
&JUv u fawG U
b 0r S mav x kzd t m;u kdt o kH ;csaewmo wd x m;r d &r , fu G / t J'gu b mv n f; the closed upper end. The space above the mercury in the tube X is a
qk d
awmhsucking t at ;ao mu fw J t cgyk
h u feJ
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aygh umG/ Density of mercury is 13.6 x 103 kgm-3 and acceleration due to gravity
- av x k zdt m;u pHt jzpf, l&r , fhyQ r f;r Qav x k zd t m;&S &r , fu G
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pressure aygh uGm/yi fv , fa&r su fES mjyi fr S
mx yfcgx yfcgwkd i f;N
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w, fu /Gb mjzpfv k v n f; q k
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t m;u awmhr o d ud ef;jzpfaev k uG
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da&u k dr o k ;v n f;/ a&u r mu sL&D
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R GRADE 10 Physics U Han Win Aung ( D Physics )
7. A block of steel of size 5 cm x 5 cm x 5 cm is weighted in water. If
R R GRADE 10 Physics U Han Win Aung ( D Physics )
not tethered. ( b ) Calculate the tension in the rope holding the balloon
R
the relative density of 7, what will be its real weight ? to the ground. ( c ) Calculate the acceleration with which the balloon
being to raise where released.
8. A 5 kg rock has a volume of 0.001 m³.What is its apparent weight in
newton when submerged in water? ( water = 1000 kg m-³ ) 16. Figure shows a simple hydraulic jack. The
load is just being lifted using an effort of
9. A boat floating in water has a mass of 1000 kg. What is the weight of 20 N. ( a ) What is the pressure at A? ( b )
the boat? What is the upward thrust on it? What weight of water does What is the pressure at B? ( c ) What is the
it displace? thrust acting on the piston C? ( d ) What is
the load lifted? ( e ) What is the mechanical
10. An object of volume 1.0 m³ and density 500 kg m-3 floats in a liquid of advantage of the jack?
density 750 kg m-3. What volume of liquid is displaced?
17. Figure show a mercury manometer connected to a gas container.
11. An object weights 24 N in air, 20 N when completely immersed in Atmospheric pressure is 760 mmHg.
water, and 21 N when completely immersed in another liquid. Taking (a) What is the pressure of the gas?
density of water is 1000 kg m-3. (a) What is the density of the object? (b) What is the scale reading giving
(b)Find the density of liquid? the level in the tube where the
pressure is 850 mm of Hg.
12. A block of steel of size 10 cm x 20 cm x 50 cm is weighed in water. If
the density of steel is 8000 kg m-3, what will be its apparent weight?
(water = 1000 kg m-3 ) 18. A hydraulic press is used to lift a car as shown. A force of 1000 N is
exerted on the small piston with an area of 0.5 m2. The large has an area of
6.0 m2. Calculate (a) the pressure exerted on the small piston. (b) the weight
13. A body floats with one-third of its volume outside the water and of of the car and (c) the mass of the car.
its volume outside another liquid. What is the density of the other
liquid?

14. A balloon has a capacity of 1000 m³. Find its lifting force when filled
with helium gas. Density of air = 1.3 kg m-3 and density of helium =
0.02 kg m-3. a t cu ft cJ[ lo rQau smfv T m;Ek
d
i fM
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15. A hot air balloon is tethered to the ground on a windless day. The
balloon contains 1200 m³ of hot air of density 0.8 kgm-3. The mass of at mifjri fr I yef;wd
k
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ing air is 1.3 kgm-3. ( a ) Explain why the balloon would rise if it was
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R GRADE 10 Physics
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R R GRADE 10 Physics
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U Han Win Aung ( D Physics )
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ud kawmh1 m av mu fyJ jyKvk yf&r Smav / o lu yk d
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P U Han Win Aung ( D Physics ) yn m ok c Page ( 58 ) Q P U Han Win Aung ( D Physics ) yn m ok c Page ( 59 ) Q