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1. In a given period this group has the element with the largest atomic radius.
  a. Group 1A
  b. Group 2A
  c. Group 3A
  d. Group 4A
  e. Group 5A
ANSWER:   a

2. Which of the following is a metalloid?

  a. carbon
  b. oxygen
  c. hydrogen
  d. copper
  e. silicon
ANSWER:   e

3. Which of the following exhibits the greatest metallic character?

  a. Cs
  b. Rb
  c. K
  d. Na
  e. All are equally metallic.
ANSWER:   a

4. What is the most abundant element found in the human body?

  a. carbon
  b. hydrogen
  c. calcium
  d. oxygen
  e. water
ANSWER:   d

5. Hydrogen and lithium react very differently, although they are both members of Group 1. What is the
primary reason for this difference?
  a. The metallic character increases going down a group.
  b. The ionization energy increases going down a group.
  c. Electron affinity increases going down a group.
  d. Electronegativity increases going down a group.
  e. There is a very large difference in the atomic radii of H and Li.
ANSWER:   e
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Chapter 20 - The Representative Elements

6. All of the following are semimetals except

  a. At
  b. Ge
  c. Al
  d. Sb
  e. Si
ANSWER:   c

7. Which oxide of a Group 2A element is amphoteric?

  a. Be
  b. Mg
  c. Ca
  d. Sr
  e. Ba
ANSWER:   a

8. Which oxide of a Group 2A element is not highly ionic?

  a. Be
  b. Mg
  c. Ca
  d. Sr
  e. Ba
ANSWER:   a

9. Choose the metal with the largest first ionization energy.

  a. Na
  b. Mg
  c. Al
  d. K
  e. Ca
ANSWER:   c

10. Which group shows the correct order of first ionization energy?

  a. Na > P > Cl
  b. Cs > Na > K
  c. K > Ca > Ge
  d. Cs < Rb < Na
  e. Al > Si > P
ANSWER:   d
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11. Which element of Group 3A behaves as a nonmetal or semimetal?

  a. B
  b. Al
  c. Ga
  d. In
  e. B and Al
ANSWER:   a

12. What reason is given for the stability of C–C, N–N, and O–O bonds, compared to the instability of Si–Si, P–
P, and S–S bonds?
  a. Their metallic character varies greatly.
  b. Large differences in their ionization energies.
  c. Large differences in their electronegativities.
  d. Large differences in their abilities to form strong pi bonds.
  e. None of these.
ANSWER:   d

13. What are the most abundant metals in the earth's crust, oceans, and atmosphere?
  a. titanium and silicon
  b. aluminum and iron
  c. manganese and nickel
  d. tin and lead
  e. iron and lead
ANSWER:   b

14. Which of the following oxides is amphoteric?

  a. BeO
  b. MgO
  c. CaO
  d. SrO
  e. BaO
ANSWER:   a

15. True or false: Hydrogen is a nonmetal while lithium is an active metal, even though they are in the same
group.
  a. True. Such differences are common for elements in the same group.
  b False. Because the elements are in the same group, they have similar metallic
.  qualities.
  c. True. This can be explained because of the very large difference in atomic radii
between hydrogen and lithium.
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Chapter 20 - The Representative Elements

  d False. Both hydrogen and lithium are nonmetals
. 
  e. None of these.
ANSWER:   c

16. Choose the metal with the smallest radius.

  a. Ca
  b. Na
  c. K
  d. Mg
  e. Al
ANSWER:   e

17. Within a group, as the atomic numbers of the elements increase, the

  a. ionization energies decrease
  b. atomic masses decrease
  c. elements become less metallic
  d. atomic radii decrease
  e. metallic character decreases
ANSWER:   a

18. Choose the element with the largest atomic radius.

  a. Li
  b. B
  c. N
  d. O
  e. Ne
ANSWER:   a

19. Choose the element with the smallest atomic radius.

  a. Li
  b. Na
  c. K
  d. Rb
  e. Cs
ANSWER:   a

20. Choose the element obtained from liquification of air.

  a. N
  b. P
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  c. As
  d. Sb
  e. Bi
ANSWER:   a

21. Which of the following is the second most abundant (by mass) element in the earth's crust, oceans, and
atmosphere?
  a. hydrogen
  b. oxygen
  c. carbon
  d. aluminum
  e. silicon
ANSWER:   e

22. The compound SiO2 does not exist as a discrete molecule while CO2 does. This can be explained because:
  a. The Si—O bond is unstable.
  b. The Lewis structure of SiO2 has an even number of electrons.
  c.  The SiO2 is a solid while CO2 is a gas.
  d. The 3p orbital of the Si has little overlap with the 2p of the O.
  e. None of these.
ANSWER:   d

23. Both CO2 and SiO2 appear to have valid Lewis structures. Using the molecular orbital model, why then are
CO2 molecules stable and SiO2 molecules not stable?
  a. CO2 is able to form sigma bonds and SiO2 is not.
  b The silicon 3p valence orbitals do not overlap very effectively with the smaller
.  oxygen 2p orbitals.
  c. The carbon atom is larger than the silicon atom, giving carbon a higher electron
density and thus better pi bonding.
  d Silicon prefers to bond to other silicon atoms over oxygen atoms.
. 
  e. At least two of the above are correct.
ANSWER:   b

24. The elements in this group are termed alkali metals.

  a. Group 1A
  b. Group 2A
  c. Group 3A
  d. Group 4A
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  e. Group 5A
ANSWER:   a

25. Which group contains the most active metals?

  a. Group 1A
  b. Group 3A
  c. Group 2A
  d. Group 4A
  e. Group 7A
ANSWER:   a

26. Choose the element that is the strongest reducing agent.

  a. Li
  b. Na
  c. K
  d. Rb
  e. Cs
ANSWER:   a

27. Choose the element with the highest melting point.

  a. Li
  b. Na
  c. K
  d. Rb
  e. Cs
ANSWER:   a

28. Choose the element whose ion has the largest concentration inside a human cell.
  a. Li
  b. Na
  c. K
  d. Rb
  e. Cs
ANSWER:   c

29. Choose the metal with the lowest melting point.

  a. Li
  b. Na
  c. K
  d. Rb
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  e. Cs
ANSWER:   e

30. What ions are very important for the proper functioning of biologic systems, such as nerves and muscles?
  a. alkaline earth metal
ions
  b. alkali metal ions
  c. oxygen ions
  d. hydrogen ions
  e. nitrogen ions
ANSWER:   b

31. The strongest reducing agent in the alkali metals is:

  a. K
  b. Na
  c. Cs
  d. Fr
  e. Li
ANSWER:   e

32. Which of the following is the best explanation as to why lithium is the strongest reducing agent of the alkali
metals?
  a. The ionization energy of lithium is the highest of the alkali metals.
  b. The ionization energy of lithium is the lowest of the alkali metals.
  c. The standard reduction potential of lithium is the most positive of the alkali
metals.
  d. The relatively high charge density of lithium compared to the other alkali
metals.
  e. None of these.
ANSWER:   d

33. Because Li is the strongest reducing agent of the alkali metals, it reacts most quickly with water of the alkali
metals.
  a. True
  b. False
ANSWER:   False

34. Ionic hydrides are formed when hydrogen combines with elements from:
I. Group 1A
II. Group 2A
III Group 3A
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  a. I, II, and III

  b. I and II
  c. I and III
  d. II and III
  e. none of these
ANSWER:   b

35. __________ are formed when hydrogen combines with other nonmetals.

  a. Covalent hydrides
  b. Nonmetallic hydrides
  c. Active hydrides
  d. Interstitial hydrides
  e. Ionic hydrides
ANSWER:   a

36. __________ are formed when transition metal crystals are treated with hydrogen gas.
  a. Covalent hydrides
  b. Metallic hydrides
  c. Active hydrides
  d. Saltlike hydrides
  e. Ionic hydrides
ANSWER:   b

37. Ionic hydrides are formed with hydrogen combined with elements from
  a. group 1A
  b. group 2A
  c. group 3A
  d. all of the above
  e. two of the above
ANSWER:   e

38. The major industrial source of hydrogen gas is the reaction of methane and water at high temperatures (800
– 1000°C) and high pressures (10 – 15 atm) with nickel as a catalyst.

CH4(g) + H2O(g) CO2(g) + 3H2(g)

    
If 138.0 g of CH4 and 138.0 g of H2O are reacted at 975°C and 12.0 atm, how much hydrogen should be
available for industrial use?
  a. 153 L
  b. 220 L
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  c. 196 L
  d. 21.8 L
  e. 65.4 L
ANSWER:   c

39. Which statements about hydrogen are true?

I. H has a lower ionization energy than He.
II. H– is smaller than H.
III. H bonds with the halogens to form polar covalent compounds.
IV. H is always a metal.
V. H does not have a second ionization energy.

  a. I, V
  b. II, IV
  c. I, III, V
  d. II, IV, V
  e. I, III, IV, V
ANSWER:   c

40. Salts can consist of hydrogen.

  a. True
  b. False
ANSWER:   True

41. Choose the metal that reacts least vigorously with water.

  a. Mg
  b. Ca
  c. Sr
  d. Ba
  e. All of these react equally vigorously with water.
ANSWER:   a

42. Choose the metal that is produced by electrolysis of its molten chloride salt.
  a. Mg
  b. Ca
  c. Sr
  d. Ba
  e. all of these
ANSWER:   e

43. Choose the group that matches the following description: reacts with H2 to form compounds with the
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general formula MH2.
  a. Group 1A
  b. Group 2A
  c. Group 3A
  d. Group 4A
  e. Group 5A
ANSWER:   b

44. Choose the group that matches the following description: reacts with F2 to form compounds with the general
formula MF2.
  a. Group 1A
  b. Group 2A
  c. Group 3A
  d. Group 4A
  e. Group 5A
ANSWER:   b

45. Elements in this group lose two valence electrons to non-metals to form ionic compounds.
  a. Group 1A
  b. Group 2A
  c. Group 3A
  d. Group 4A
  e. Group 5A
ANSWER:   b

46. Choose the solid that has the smallest ionization energy.

  a. Be
  b. Mg
  c. Ca
  d. Sr
  e. Ba
ANSWER:   e

47. Which of the following ions interferes with the action of detergents in hard water?
  a.  Na+
  b. Ca2+
  c.  Mg2+
  d. Ca2+ and Mg2+

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  e.  Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+
ANSWER:   d

48. What element is found in the structural minerals that make up our bones and teeth?
  a. strontium
  b. barium
  c. calcium
  d. silicon
  e. magnesium
ANSWER:   c

49. In cation-exchange resins, what ion replaces Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the hard water that is passed over the resin?
  a.  H+
  b. Li+
  c.  Na+
  d. K+
  e.  Ba2+
ANSWER:   c

50. Arrange the following Group 2A elements (in their ionic form) from largest to smallest atomic radius.
  a.  Ra2+  >  Ba2+  >  Sr2+  >  Ca2+  >  Mg2+
  b. Sr2+  >  Ca2+  >  Ba2+  >  Mg2+  >  Ra2+
  c.  Ba2+  >  Ra2+  >  Ca2+  >  Sr2+  >  Mg2+
  d. Mg2+  >  Ca2+  >  Sr2+  >  Ba2+  >  Ra2+
  e.  Ra2+  >  Mg2+  >  Ba2+  >  Ca2+  >  Sr2+
ANSWER:   a

51. Which of the following is the best explanation for how a water softener works?
  a. When hard water passes over a resin in the softener, the Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions in
the water bind to the resin in place of Na+ ions.
  b The softener releases an acid to interact with the Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions in the
.  hard water to neutralize them.
  c. When hard water passes through the softener, the Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions are
removed through electrolysis.
  d The softener releases K+ ions to counteract the Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions in the hard
.  water.

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  e. When hard water passes through the softener, the Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions
precipitate out as Mg(OH)2 and Ca(OH)2.
ANSWER:   a

52. Alkaline earth metals react less vigorously with water than do the alkali metals.
  a. True
  b. False
ANSWER:   True

53. Which of these Group 2A elements reacts least vigorously with water?

  a. Mg
  b. Sr
  c. Ca
  d. Ba
  e. All of these react in the same manner.
ANSWER:   a

54. The element with the lowest melting point is:

  a. B
  b. Al
  c. Ga
  d. Tl
  e. All have the same melting point.
ANSWER:   c

55. The element with the widest liquid range is:

  a. B
  b. Al
  c. Ga
  d. Tl
  e. All are the same.
ANSWER:   c

56. The ion that aluminum is most likely to form is isoelectronic with:

  a. Ar
  b. Na
  c. Ne
  d. Mg
  e. none of these
ANSWER:   c
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57. Which of the following metals has the highest melting point?

  a. Na
  b. Mg
  c. Al
  d. Ca
  e. K
ANSWER:   c

58. An element that exhibits the oxidation states +1 and +3 is:

  a. B
  b. Al
  c. Ga
  d. In
  e. all of these
ANSWER:   d

59. The Group 3A element with the highest ionization energy is:

  a. B
  b. Al
  c. Ga
  d. Tl
  e. All are the same.
ANSWER:   a

60. The element found in bauxite is:

  a. B
  b. Al
  c. Ga
  d. Tl
  e. all of these
ANSWER:   b

61. The element that reacts with N2 to form a compound of the general formula MN is:
  a. B
  b. Al
  c. Ga
  d. Tl
  e. all of these
ANSWER:   b
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62. The Group 3A elements are all metals.

  a. True
  b. False
ANSWER:   False

63. Choose the group that matches the following description: contains two of the most important elements
found on earth.
  a. Group 1A
  b. Group 2A
  c. Group 3A
  d. Group 4A
  e. Group 5A
ANSWER:   d

64. Order the following bonds from highest to lowest bond energy: carbon–carbon, silicon–silicon, silicon–
oxygen.
  a. C—C, Si—Si, S—O
  b. Si—O, C—C, Si—Si
  c. Si—Si, Si—O, C—C
  d. Si—O, Si—Si, C—C
  e. C—C, Si—O, Si—Si
ANSWER:   b

65. Which group contains two elements that exhibit +2 and +4 oxidation states?
  a. Group 1A
  b. Group 3A
  c. Group 4A
  d. Group 5A
  e. Group 7A
ANSWER:   c

66. What are the forms of elemental carbon?

  a. graphite and diamond
  b. graphite, diamond, and fullerenes
  c. graphite and fullerenes
  d. diamond and fullerenes
  e. diamond, graphite, and carbonite
ANSWER:   b

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67. The solid substance with the empirical formula SiO2 is commonly called:
  a. silicon
  b. silica
  c. silicate
  d. silicone
  e. none of these
ANSWER:   b

68. How many of the following statements are false?

I. The group 3A elements are all metals.
II Alkaline earth metals react less vigorously with water than do the alkali metals.
III. Salts can consist of hydrogen.
IV. Because Li is the strongest reducing agent of the alkali metals, it reacts most quickly with water of the alkali me

  a. 0
  b. 1
  c. 2
  d. 3
  e. 4
ANSWER:   c

69. Which of the following is the most abundant metal on earth?

  a. calcium
  b. iron
  c. copper
  d. aluminum
  e. zinc
ANSWER:   d

70. Which element is found in the ore galena?

  a. tin
  b. lead
  c. aluminum
  d. silicon
  e. germanium
ANSWER:   b

71. The largest commercial use of lead is in

  a. gasoline
  b. protective coatings for steel

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  c. semiconductors
  d. paints
  e. batteries used in automobiles
ANSWER:   e

72. With which of the following elements does silicon form the strongest bonds?
  a. S
i
  b. C
  c. H
  d. O
  e. B
ANSWER:   d

73. The chemistry of silicon is dominated by its bonding with

  a. Cl
  b. S
  c. Al
  d. F
  e. none of these
ANSWER:   e

74. Which element in Group 4A has the strongest metallic character?

  a. Pb
  b. C
  c. Si
  d. Ge
  e. None of these are metals.
ANSWER:   a

75. Choose the element with the largest electronegativity.

  a. N
  b. P
  c. As
  d. Sb
  e. Bi
ANSWER:   a

76. Choose the most metallic element.

  a. N
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  b. P
  c. As
  d. Sb
  e. Bi
ANSWER:   e

77. Choose the element with the largest ionization energy.

  a. N
  b. P
  c. As
  d. Sb
  e. Bi
ANSWER:   a

78. Which Group 5A element cannot form molecules with five covalent bonds?
  a. N
  b. P
  c. As
  d. Sb
  e. Bi
ANSWER:   a

79. Why is nitrogen not able to form molecules with five covalent bonds?
  a. Because nitrogen can only form a trigonal bipyramidal shape when it bonds
with other elements.
  b. Because nitrogen has such a high ionization energy that having five covalent
bonds is not possible.
  c. Because nitrogen only exists as N2 gas at room temperature.
  d. Because of nitrogen's small size and lack of available d orbitals for electrons.
  e. At least two of the above are correct.
ANSWER:   d

80. The ability of the Group 5A elements to form __________ greatly decreases after nitrogen.
  a. molecules with five covalent bonds
  b. pi bonds
  c. larger molecules with single bonds
  d. molecules with four covalent bonds
  e. all of these
ANSWER:   b

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81. Compounds containing bismuth in the +5 oxidation state tend to be ________, and compounds containing
bismuth in the +3 oxidation state tend to be ________.
  a. ionic, ionic
  b. ionic, molecular
  c. molecular, molecular
  d. molecular, ionic
  e. none of these
ANSWER:   d

82. Choose the correct molecular structure for AsCl5.

  a. trigonal bipyramidal
  b. trigonal planar
  c. tetrahedral
  d. octahedral
  e. none of these
ANSWER:   a

83. Choose the correct molecular structure for PCl3.

  a. trigonal bipyramidal
  b. trigonal planar
  c. tetrahedral
  d. octahedral
  e. none of these
ANSWER:   e

84. Pi bonding tends to be important in all elements of Group 5A.

  a. True
  b. False
ANSWER:   False

85. Choose the correct molecular structure for NH4+.

  a. trigonal bipyramidal
  b. trigonal planar
  c. tetrahedral
  d. octahedral
  e. none of these
ANSWER:   c

86. The strength of the N≡N bond in nitrogen is important

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  a. Because it allows N2 gas to serve as a medium for experiments involving
oxygen or water.
  b. Both thermodynamically and kinetically.
  c. In the use of nitrogen-based explosives.
  d. In the exothermic decomposition of binary compounds containing nitrogen.
  e. All of these.
ANSWER:   e

87. The process of transforming N2 to a form usable by animals and plants is called

  a. nitrogen fixation
  b. fertilization
  c. denitrification
  d. the Ostwald process
  e. nitrogenation
ANSWER:   a

88. In which of the following compounds does N have its maximum oxidation state?
  a.  N2O5
  b. N2O
  c. NO
  d. N2O3
  e.  NO2
ANSWER:   a

89. The strength of the triple bond in the N2 molecule is important

  a. both kinetically and thermodynamically
  b. kinetically but not thermodynamically
  c. thermodynamically but not kinetically
  d. neither thermodynamically nor kinetically
  e. none of these
ANSWER:   a

90. Which of the following is not a possible oxidation state of nitrogen?

  a. +
2
  b. +
1
  c. 0
  d. -2
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  e. -4
ANSWER:   e

91. The Ostwald process

  a. is used to manufacture ammonia
  b. transforms nitrogen to other nitrogen-containing compounds
  c. is used to recover sulfur from underground deposits
  d. is used to produce nitric acid
  e. none of these
ANSWER:   d

92. The Haber process

  a. is used to manufacture ammonia
  b. transforms nitrogen to other nitrogen-containing compounds
  c. is used to recover sulfur from underground deposits
  d. is used to produce nitric acid
  e. none of these
ANSWER:   a

93. All of the following contribute to nitrogen-fixation except

  a. lightning
  b. bacteria on the roots of legumes
  c. the combustion process in car engines
  d. the Haber process
  e. the Ostwald process
ANSWER:   e

94. Recent studies indicate that lightning may be responsible for as much as _____% of the total fixed nitrogen
available on earth.
  a. 5
  b. 25
  c. 50
  d. 75
  e. 95
ANSWER:   c

95. The most important hydride of nitrogen is

  a. ammonia
  b. hydrazine
  c. styrofoam
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  d. agricultural pesticides
  e. none of these
ANSWER:   a

96. What nitrogen-containing compound is used as rocket fuel?

  a. nitrous oxide
  b. ammonia
  c. nitric oxide
  d. hydrazine
  e. nitrogen dioxide
ANSWER:   d

97. Which of the following is not a use of hydrazine?

  a. Blowing agent.
  b. Fungicides.
  c. Herbicides.
  d. Insecticides.
  e. All are uses of hydrazine.
ANSWER:   e

98. Dinitrogen monoxide is more commonly known as

  a. nitric oxide
  b. laughing gas
  c. hydrazine
  d. nitrous oxide
  e. two of these
ANSWER:   e

99. What nitrogen-containing compound has a role in controlling the earth's temperature?

  a.  N2O
  b. nitric oxide
  c. nitrogen oxide
  d. ammonia
  e.  N2
ANSWER:   a

100. What nitrogen-containing compound is produced commercially in the Ostwald process?

  a. hydrazine
  b. nitric acid

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  c. nitrous acid
  d. ammonia
  e. nitrous oxide
ANSWER:   b

101. Nitroglycerin, the main component of dynamite, decomposes very rapidly and exothermically according to
the equation:
      4C3H5N3O9(l) → 6N2(g) + 12CO2(g) + 10H2O(g) + O2(g) + energy
What is the total volume of products that would be produced from 553 g of nitroglycerin? Assume the heat
released caused the temperature to become 233°C and the pressure to be 10.0 atm.
  a. 33.8 L
  b. 73.3 L
  c. 15.2 L
  d. 54.6 L
  e. 88.3 L
ANSWER:   b

102. Which of the following are reasons why the chemical properties of phosphorus are quite different from
those of nitrogen, even though they are located very closely on the periodic table?
I. the greater electronegativity of nitrogen
II. the larger size of the phosphorus atom
III. nitrogen's ability to form stronger pi bonds
IV. the empty valence d orbitals on phosphorus

  a. I, II
  b. I, II, IV
  c. II only
  d. III, IV
  e. I, II, III, IV
ANSWER:   e

103. Which of the following titration curves best represents phosphorous acid, H3PO3, being titrated with a
strong base?
  a. 

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  b. 

  c. 

  d. 

  e. 

ANSWER:   a

104. Which is the most reactive form of phosphorus?

  a. Black phosphorus.
  b. White phosphorus.
  c. Red phosphorus.
  d. Two of these are equally reactive.
  e. All of these (A-C) are equally reactive.
ANSWER:   b

105. Which form of phosphorus is highly toxic?

  a. white phosphorus
  b. red phosphorus
  c. black phosphorus
  d. tetraphosphorus decaoxide
  e. none of these
ANSWER:   a

106. Phosphorus is found in nature

  a. as white phosphorus
  b. as red phosphorus
  c. as black phosphorus
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  d. usually as the PO43– ion in phosphate rock
  e. in gypsum
ANSWER:   d

107. Why is phosphorus added to soil as a fertilizer?

  a. It is essential for plant growth.
  b. It is often found in an inaccessible form in the soil.
  c. Most soils do not have large amounts of phosphorus.
  d. Two of these.
  e. All of these.
ANSWER:   d

108. What Group 6A element has been studied for its ability to protect against cancer?
  a. sulfur
  b. polonium
  c. selenium
  d. tellurium
  e. oxygen
ANSWER:   c

109. What Group 6A element was discovered in pitchblende by the Curies?

  a. sulfur
  b. polonium
  c. selenium
  d. tellurium
  e. oxygen
ANSWER:   b

110. What Group 6A element has 27 isotopes and is highly toxic and very radioactive?
  a. sulfur
  b. polonium
  c. selenium
  d. tellurium
  e. oxygen
ANSWER:   b

111. What Group 6A elements are semiconductors?

  a. selenium and polonium
  b. tellurium and polonium
  c. sulfur and selenium
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  d. selenium and tellurium
  e. sulfur and tellurium
ANSWER:   d

112. Choose the correct molecular structure for SeBr4.

  a. trigonal bipyramidal
  b. trigonal planar
  c. tetrahedral
  d. octahedral
  e. none of these
ANSWER:   e

113. Choose the correct molecular structure for SeF6.

  a. trigonal bipyramidal
  b. trigonal planar
  c. tetrahedral
  d. octahedral
  e. none of these
ANSWER:   d

114. All of the following are true about ozone except:

  a. It causes skin cancer.
  b. It is formed in the pollution from car exhaust.
  c. It can be used to purify water.
  d. It exists naturally in the upper atmosphere.
  e. It prevents UV light from reaching the earth.
ANSWER:   a

115. What process is used to recover sulfur?

  a. the Haber process
  b. the Ostwald process
  c. the Frasch process
  d. the contact process
  e. the wet process
ANSWER:   c

116. The fact that the SO molecule is very unstable while O2 is stable can be best explained because:
  a. The S-O bond is inherently unstable.
  b Sulfur lacks the ability to form double bonds.
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Chapter 20 - The Representative Elements

. 
  c. The difference in electronegativity between the sulfur atom and the oxygen
atom makes it unlikely for the S-O bond to form.
  d There exists much stronger pi bonding between oxygen atoms than between a
.  sulfur atom and oxygen atom.
  e. None of these.
ANSWER:   d

117. Choose the species with the largest bond strength.

  a.  F2
  b. Cl2
  c.  Br2
  d. I2
  e. All are the same.
ANSWER:   b

118. Choose the species with the largest ionization energy.

  a. F
  b. Cl
  c. Br
  d. I
  e. All are the same.
ANSWER:   a

119. Choose the species with the largest radius.

  a. F
  b. F–
  c. Cl
  d. Cl–
  e. All are the same.
ANSWER:   d

120. Of F, Cl, Br, and I, which of the following correctly lists the largest radius of the anion, the element with
the highest electronegativity, and the highest bond energy of the diatomic molecule, respectively?
  a.  I–, Cl, F2
  b. I–, F, Br2
  c.  Br–, Br, I2
  d. I–, F, Cl2
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  e. none of these
ANSWER:   d

121. Choose the species with the smallest hydration energy (absolute value).
  a.  F–
  b. Cl–
  c.  Br–
  d. I–
  e. all the same
ANSWER:   d

122. Choose the species that is the most reactive.

  a.  F2
  b. Cl2
  c.  Br2
  d. I2
  e. all are the same.
ANSWER:   a

123. Choose the correct molecular structure for ClO2–.

  a. trigonal bipyramidal
  b. trigonal planar
  c. tetrahedral
  d. octahedral
  e. none of these
ANSWER:   e

124. Choose the correct molecular structure for ClO4–.

  a. trigonal bipyramidal
  b. trigonal planar
  c. tetrahedral
  d. octahedral
  e. none of these
ANSWER:   c

125. Choose the group containing the most reactive nonmetals.

  a. Group 1A
  b. Group 3A
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  c. Group 5A
  d. Group 7A
  e. Group 8A
ANSWER:   d

126. For the process X–(g) → X–(aq), select the ion with the most negative value of ΔH.
  a.  F–
  b. Cl–
  c.  Br–
  d. I–
  e. all the same
ANSWER:   a

127. For the process X–(g) → X–(aq), select the ion with the most negative value of ΔS.
  a.  F–
  b. Cl–
  c.  Br–
  d. I–
  e. all the same
ANSWER:   a

128. Within the halogen family, as atomic number increases:

  a. Covalent radius decreases.
  b. Ionic radius increases.
  c. Melting point decreases.
  d. Electronegativity increases.
  e. None of these.
ANSWER:   b

129. The bond strength of HCl is greater than that of HF.

  a. True
  b. False
ANSWER:   False

130. The acid HClO4 is a stronger acid than HClO2.

  a. True
  b. False
ANSWER:   True
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131. All of the following statements about helium are true except:

  a. It forms no compounds.
  b. It is used as a coolant.
  c. The major sources on earth are natural gas deposits.
  d. It is used in luminescent lighting.
  e. It is a component of the sun.
ANSWER:   d

132. Of the following, which form compounds?

I. Ne
II. Kr
III. Xe
IV. Rn

  a. I, II
  b. II, III
  c. I, II, III
  d. II, III, IV
  e. III, IV
ANSWER:   d

133. Choose the correct molecular structure for XeF4.

  a. trigonal bipyramidal
  b. trigonal planar
  c. tetrahedral
  d. square planar
  e. none of these
ANSWER:   d

134. Which of the following noble gases have been observed to form compounds?
  a. He and Ar
  b. Kr and Xe
  c. Xe
  d. Ar, Kr, and Xe
  e. The noble gases never form compounds since they have filled outer shells.
ANSWER:   d

135. Which of the following is not a known compound?

  a.  XeF4

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  b. KrF2
  c.  ArBr4
  d. XeO3
  e. At least two of the above are not compounds.
ANSWER:   c

Write a balanced equation for each of the following reactions:

136. Lithium metal with excess O2(g).

ANSWER:   4Li(s) + O2(g) → 2Li2O(s)

137. Rubidium metal with O2(g).

ANSWER:   Rb(s) + O2(g) → RbO2(s)

138. Cesium metal with Cl2(g).

ANSWER:   2Cs(s) + Cl2(g) → 2CsCl(s)

139. Sodium metal with H2(g).

ANSWER:   2Na(s) + H2(g) → 2NaH(s)

140. Lithium metal with H2O(l).

ANSWER:   2Li(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2Li+(aq) + 2OH–(aq) + H2(g)

141. Magnesium metal with O2(g).

ANSWER:   2Mg(s) + O2(g) → 2MgO(s)

142. Strontium metal with Br2(l).

ANSWER:   Sr(s) + Br2(l) → SrBr2(s)

143. Aluminum metal with O2(g) at high temperatures.

ANSWER:   2Al + 3O2 → 2Al2O3

144. Gallium metal with I2(s).

ANSWER:   2Ga(s) + 3I2(s) → 2GaI3(s)

145. Tin metal with O2(g).

ANSWER:   Sn(s) + O2(g) → SnO2(s)

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146. Lead metal with Br2(l).
ANSWER:   Pb(s) + Br2(l) → PbBr2(s)

Write a balanced equation for each of the following:

147. The reaction of hydrazine with O2(g)

ANSWER:   N2H4(l) + O2(g) → N2(g) + 2H2O(g)

148. The oxidation of copper metal by 6 M nitric acid

ANSWER:   8H+(aq) + 2NO3–(aq) + 3Cu(s) → 3Cu2+(aq) + 4H2O(l) + 2NO(g)

149. The thermal decomposition of NO(g)

ANSWER:   3NO(g) → N2O(g) + NO2(g)

150. The decomposition of nitric acid in sunlight

ANSWER:   4HNO3(aq) → 4NO2(aq) + 2H2O(l) + O2(g)

151. The reaction of sodium phosphide with water

ANSWER:   2Na3P(s) + 6H2O(l) → 2PH3(g) + 6Na+(aq) + 6OH–(aq)

152. The reaction of P4O10(s) with water

ANSWER:   P4O10(s) + 6H2O(l) → 4H3PO4(aq)

153. The oxidation of sulfur dioxide by oxygen gas

ANSWER:   2SO2(g) + O2(g) → 2SO3(g)

154. The reaction of chlorine gas with cold water

ANSWER:   Cl2(g) + H2O(l) → HOCl(aq) + H+(aq) + Cl–(aq)

155. The reaction of xenon hexafluoride with excess water

ANSWER:   XeF6(s) + 3H2O(l) → XeO3(aq) + 6HF(aq)

156. The smallest ionization energies are found in the ____________ ___________ region of the periodic table.
  a. upper left
  b. upper right
  c. lower left
  d. lower right
  e. impossible to tell
ANSWER:   c

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157. The largest electron affinities are found in the _____________ ____________ region of the periodic table.
  a. upper left
  b. upper right
  c. lower left
  d. lower right
  e. impossible to tell
ANSWER:   b

158. All of the following are semimetals except

  a. B
  b. Ge
  c. Se
  d. Sb
  e. Si
ANSWER:   c

159. Which of the following elements has the highest electronegativity?

  a. Al
  b. In
  c. S
  d. Ba
  e. O
ANSWER:   e

160. Bromine will form compounds with each of the other elements in Period 4 of the periodic table. How does
the type of bonding in the compounds change as one moves from potassium bromide to selenium bromide?
  a. polar covalent to ionic
  b. ionic to polar covalent
  c. polar covalent to non-polar covalent
  d. coordinate covalent to polar covalent
  e. all are polar covalent
ANSWER:   b

161. What is the overall reaction for the production of hydrogen from methane and water?
  a.  CH4(g) + H2O(g) → CO(g) + 3 H2(g)
  b. CO(g) + H2O(g) → CO2(g) + H2(g)
  c.  CH4(g) + 2 H2O(g) → CO2(g) + 4 H2(g)
  d. 2 CH4(g) + 3 H2O(g) → CO(g) + CO2(g) + 5 H2(g)
  e.  2 H2O(g) → O2(g) + 2 H2(g)
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ANSWER:   a

162. The alkali metal hydrides are excellent ________

  a. oxidizing agents
  b. reducing agents
  c. oxidants
  d. acids
  e. energy sources
ANSWER:   b

163. Which of the following oxides will give the most basic solution when dissolved in water?
  a.  SO2
  b. CO2
  c.  K2O
  d. P4O10
  e. BeO
ANSWER:   c

164. Borane, B2H6, forms dimers in which 2 hydrogen atoms bridge between the boron atoms forming 3-center
bonds.  How many electrons are shared in such a 3-center bond?
  a. 1
  b. 2
  c. 3
  d. 4
  e. 6
ANSWER:   b

165. Which Group 3A element has the most stable +1 oxidation state?

  a. B
  b. Al
  c. Ga
  d. In
  e. Tl
ANSWER:   e

166. In which of the following compounds does N have its maximum oxidation state?
  a.  NH3
  b. N2O

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  c.  N2
  d. NaNO3
  e.  HN3
ANSWER:   d

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