Name of Student: Grade Level & Section: X – TOPAZ & JADE

Teacher: TIFFANY JOY L. GAMBALAN Learning Area: MATHEMATICS 10

Grading Period: FOURTH QUARTER SY 2020-2021
March 1 – 6, 2021 10J Mon-Sat 9:30-10:00
Dates and Time: MODULE NO. 4.1
10T Mon-Sat 10:30-11:00

SUBJECT MATTER: FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF COUNTING & PERMUTATOIN

LEARNING COMPETENCIES:
 Illustrate and apply Fundamental Principles of Counting;
 Illustrate the permutation of objects;
 Derive the formula for finding the number of permutations of n objects take r at a time; and
 Solve problems involving permutations.

EXPLORE (AS)

CHECKPOINT: Plato’s Meal

Plato is going to choose a three-course meal at his favorite

restaurant. He must choose one item from each of the
following three categories.

First course: Tofu Soup (TS); Seaweed Salad (SS)

Second course: Steamed Tofu (ST); Baked Tofu (BT); Fried Tofu
(FT);

Third course: Tofu Cake (TC); Tofu Pie (TP); Seaweed Delight
(SD)

How many different three-course meals are possible?

YOUR SOLUTION HERE:

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 Extension (S)

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF COUNTING

The fundamental counting principle can be used to determine the number of possible outcomes
when there are two or more characteristics.

Example 1: Tree Diagram

A family has four children. Draw a tree diagram to show the possible genders of the children.

Example 2: Use the fundamental principle of counting

In how many ways can you roll an even number of a six-sided dice and draw a heart from a deck of
cards?

Example 3:
For Christmas you want to get your parents a framed family picture. At the framing store, there are 4
different styles each available in 5 different colors. You decide to use a blue mat board and there
are 3 different shades of blue to choose from. How many different frames can you create?

Example 4: A special plate number is made up of three letters of the English Alphabet followed by
two- digit numbers.

a. The letter and digits can be repeated in the same plate number.

b. The letters and digits cannot be repeated in the same

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Example 5: Five cards are drawn from a standard deck of cards. Three were black and two are red.
a. How many possibilities are there?

b. If exactly one of the red cards is a face card, how many possibilities are there?

PERMUTATION
The arrangement of things in a definite order or the ordered arrangement of distinguishable objects
without allowing among the objects.

In general, if n is a positive integer, then n factorial denoted by 𝑛! Is the product of all integers less
than or equal to 𝑛.
𝑛! = 𝑛 ∙ (𝑛 − 1) ∙ (𝑛 − 2) ∙ ⋯ ∙ 2 ∙ 1
As a special case, we define 0! = 1.

Example 6: The Racing Club organizes in which five cars A, B, C, D and E are joined.
a. How many possible race results if there are no ties?

b. In how many ways can the first two positions be filled if there are no ties?

Example 7: The Open Mind Band has 20 songs to perform in a concert. At the upcoming Battle of the
Bands, they will play two songs. In how many different orders can they perform two of their songs?

Example 8: The Exponent Book Store is reducing the prices of mathematics books for promotion. The
store has 7 Algebra books, 5 Geometry Books and 4 Statistics books to be arranged on a shelf. How
many ways can these books be arranged on a shelf if books of the same kind are to be placed
beside each other?

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CIRCULAR PERMUTATIONS
There is a special case of permutations where the arrangement of things is in a circular pattern. It is
called circular permutations. The most common example of this type is the seating arrangement of
people around a circular table.

The number of circular permutations of 𝒏 different things is:

(𝒏 − 𝟏)! = (𝒏 − 𝟏)(𝒏 − 𝟐) ∙ ⋯ ∙ (𝟐)(𝟏)

The number of permutations of 𝒏 different things around a key ring

and the like is:
(𝒏 − 𝟏)! (𝒏 − 𝟏)(𝒏 − 𝟐) ∙ ⋯ ∙ (𝟐)(𝟏)
=
𝟐 𝟐

Example 9: In how many ways can 5 persons be seated around a circular table?

Example 10: in how many ways can 5 keys be arranged in a key ring?

PERMUTATIONS WITH REPETITIONS

Sometimes, the elements with which we want to form permutations are not all different, as in the
case of the word MISSISSIPPI. The general form of this results is given below.

The number of permutations of 𝒏 of things where 𝒂 thing are alike,

and 𝒄 things are alike, and so forth, is:

𝒏!
𝑷=
𝒂! 𝒃! 𝒄!

Example 11: Find the number of distinguishable permutations of the letters in each word.

a. Basketball

b. Heterogeneous

Practice & Application (AS) SCORE:

A. Find the number of possible outcomes of each scenario by drawing a tree diagram.
1) Boys and girls in a family with two children.

2) Choosing a cellphone that comes in black, white, or transparent that is 4G or 5G.

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 3) A choice of muffin or toast bread with coffee, milk or juice.

4) Basketball uniform in white, red, yellow, or green which comes in sizes small, medium, or
large.

5) A die rolled thrice.

B. Answer each question. Show your simple solution on the space provided. Make your work as
neat as possible.

1) A multiple choice test has five questions, each question can be answered with a, b, c, or
d. How many outcomes are possible?
a) How many outcomes show a?

b) How many outcomes show both a and b?

c) Suppose the multiple choice test has five questions. How many sets of
answers are possible?

d) Suppose e was included as a possible answer. How many sets of answers

are possible?

2) Six coins are tossed. How many outcomes are possible?

3) Three dice are rolled. How many outcomes are possible?

4) How many different ways can the letters of each word be arranged?
a) PARALLEL

b) REPETITION

c) MATHEMATICS

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 5) In how many ways can you choose a President, secretary and treasurer for a club from 12
candidates, if each candidate is eligible for each position, but no candidate can hold 2
positions?

6) How many three letter words (including nonsense words) can you make from the letters of
the English alphabet, if letters cannot be repeated?

7) In how many ways can a taxi drive from A to B, going the least possible number of blocks
(nine)?

8) In how many ways can you arrange 5 people in a round table?

REFERENCES:
Oronce, Orlando A. E – Math Work text in Mathematics. Manila: Rex Bookstore, May 2015. pp 325 - 346
http://math.utoledo.edu/~dgajews/1180_old/13-2%20Fundamental%20Counting%20Principle.pdf
https://www.math.fsu.edu/~wooland/hm2ed/Part1Module4/Part1Module4.pdf
https://www.marshall.k12.mn.us/cms/lib03/MN01001460/Centricity/Domain/138/Fundamental-Counting-Principle_s_v1_id1_s1.pdf

Prepared by: Checked by:

T. TIFFANY JOY L. GAMBALAN,LPT. T. LINALIE S. MCKENZIE ,LPT.

Subject Teacher ADC - JHS

Approved by:

EVELYN A. DE JUAN, Ed.D., CESO VI NOVEE T. YAP, M.A. Ed

Academic Consultant School Principal