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Techtopics No. 125

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94 views

Techtopics No. 125

Uploaded by

paijo klimprit
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TechTopics

No. 125

Do not connect surge arresters or capacitors on the load


side of solid-state, reduced-voltage (SSRVS) controllers

Users often require that surge arresters For example,


and/or surge capacitors be provided in
the motor terminal box of medium- System element Impulse capability
voltage machines, and occasionally, at
Power transformer, liquid filled, 13.2 kV-4.16 kV,
the controller itself. This was secondary winding impulse rating
60 kV
historically a common practice to
Power cable between transformer and switchgear1 60 kV
protect the relatively weak machine
insulation between turns from voltage 4.16 kV metal-clad switchgear 60 kV
transients, especially lightning strikes. 4.16 kV medium-voltage motor controller 60 kV

This was a logical result of the Power cable between controller and motor1 60 kV
consideration of the relative dielectric Motor - estimated impulse capability 2
15 kV
strength of the components in the
power distribution system. A liquid- Footnotes:
filled power transformer has relatively
1.
Cables do not have an assigned impulse capability, but it is generally considered that the
cable impulse capability exceeds that of liquid-filled transformers
robust insulation, as does the metal- 2.
IEEE 241-2001 (the IEEE Buff Book), table 10-2.
clad switchgear to which the
transformer often is closely connected.
The power cables also have high
dielectric strength, as well as the
motor control equipment. However,
the motor does not have an impulse
rating specified in rotating machine
standards, and is thus the weak
(dielectric) link in the distribution
system.

usa.siemens.com/techtopics
This example is a bit simplistic but Only the motor and the interconnecting Also, some surge arresters present a
illustrates the potential problem. One cables from the SSRVS to the motor capacitive characteristic to the soft
note is that a motor does not have an should be connected to the load side of starter, which would have the same
impulse capability, but a 4.0 kV motor is an SSRVS soft starter. Power-factor effect, except that damage to the SCRs
often considered to be able to correction capacitors, surge capacitors, will accumulate over time and produce
withstand a transient equal to and surge arresters should not ultimate failure. During the SSRVS’
125 percent of the crest value of the connected to the output side of the voltage ramp during the starting
motor’s power-frequency, one-minute, SSRVS. An SSRVS, during starting, uses process, the voltage transients may
high-potential test voltage. See phase control of the voltage output, cause the surge arrester to conduct
TechTopics No. 108 for a discussion of and applies a train of small, chopped current to ground, which would appear
estimated motor dielectric strength. voltages to start the machine and limit as a short circuit (and high di/dt) to the
the motor current (and consequently, SCRs, albeit of lower magnitude that
This illustrates why many users specify
motor torque). The controller during a lightning discharge. Not all
arresters and/or surge capacitors to
accelerates the machine from zero surge arresters present a capacitive
protect the rotating machine from
speed to full speed gradually, reducing characteristic, but our policy of
lightning surges. While this is still often
the mechanical impact on the machine prohibiting surge arresters on the load
desirable for machines that are started
and the electrical impact on the power side of the soft starter is a conservative
across-the-line, it is unnecessary for
system. approach.
machines that are started using a soft
starter (SSRVS) as machines started While the machine is being brought up Applications where power-factor
with soft starters are generally larger to full speed, the output of the soft correction capacitors are necessary
size machines. starter is not a pure sine wave. It is a must have the capacitors located on the
waveshape containing higher order line side of the SSRVS soft starter, and
A machine that is controlled by a soft
frequencies that are multiples of the switched by a dedicated contactor so
starter is not directly connected to the
system frequency. During the start that the capacitors are disconnected
distribution system during starting, but
process, the soft starter uses phase during the start process and
is isolated from lightning surge voltages
control of the SCRs, which can produce disconnected when the machine is
by the soft starter itself. Therefore,
short-duration voltage transients. switched off.
there is little value provided by
Capacitive devices connected on the
specifying surge arresters or surge If the system insulation coordination
load side of the soft starter, including
capacitors on the load side of an SSRVS, study determines that surge arresters
power-factor correction capacitors and
or at the motor in the terminal box. In are necessary, whether to mitigate
surge capacitors, will appear to the soft
fact, connecting power-factor correction lightning strikes or for other reasons,
starter as short circuits, imposing high
capacitors, surge capacitors, or surge they also must be connected upstream
di/dt on the SCRs and causing failure of
arresters to the load side of the SSRVS of the soft starter for the reasons
the SCRs, perhaps on the first starting
will cause damage to the silicon- discussed.
attempt.
controlled rectifiers (SCR) in the SSRVS.
If a user wishes to have surge arresters
for protection from lightning surges
when the motor is running at full
voltage (i.e., in bypass mode), the
arresters must be connected on the line
side of the controller.

Published by Siemens Industry, Inc. 2016. © 2016 Siemens Industry, Inc.


Siemens Industry Subject to changes and errors. The
7000 Siemens Road information given in this document only
Wendell, North Carolina 27591 contains general descriptions and/or
performance features which may not always
For more information, please contact our Customer Support Center.
specifically reflect those described, or which
Phone: +1 (800) 347-6659
may undergo modification in the course of
www.usa.siemens.com/techtopics further development of the products. The
requested performance features are binding
Article No. EMMS-T40055-00-4AUS
only when they are expressly agreed upon in
Printed in U.S.A. the concluded contract.

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