value problem

Boundary
so far single initial value

The second order

Ivp
fix
y yy
y Cal
L d
4cal
a Eb

Definition The two point second

order
Bvp takes the form

y fcx.y.fi aexE6

flat L
yal P

Boundary value problems

Motivating example
Let U
represents the electrostatic
between two concentric
potential
metal spheres of radius 121
and R2 C RlcR4
The potential of the inner
 sphere is
kept constant and
the of the outer
potential 0 Volts
is
sphere
The potential in the region
between the two spheres is
I
governed by the Laplace
eeceation given by

dirt 17 0

where
VCR V
0
VCR 1
that 121 2,122 4
suppose
V 110
US
Q Approximate using
isup
 Linear
Brp
Definition The two point
second order which has
BVP
the form in is called
linear

fcx.y.fi
otherwise it
pcxly'tecxlytrcxl
is nonlinear

The next theorem gives

conditions for
general
second order
a
Brp
to exist and to be
anifue
Theorem Let f be defined
on a set D Ea 63 112

Iif f fy fy are continuous

 on D
Cii f y
X
yy
o for
all fx.y.li
eDCiiillfy'Cx.YiY'llforMuecx.y.y'leD

then the has

Dvp anigue
a

Solution
show that the
Example the423
Dvp y t
Hsing's 0

has a
Ycl 4121
solution
unifu
Solution
f x e
siny
yy
fy
y't x e
x o
y
V X C El 2

lfjlx.y.fi l I cosy't El
ALL the functions f fy fy
 are continuous thus by
the
previous theorem the
has solution
unique
a
Avp
Corollary If we have
the Dup
y
pcxlyhecxlytrcxlV
a.ba
xe CaI ylbl L x

Satisfies
r continuous
pal Earl
i are

on a b

Gil o on a 6
fix
Then the has
Dvp a

solution
knife
proof Let flx.y.li pcxlIteaay irlxl

Since
Earl all
pal rex are

continuous
continuous f is also
on Taib
 derivatives
Taking the
partial
fy fy

f y fix
0
by assumption
lfy.li plx1lEM Vxe a

Since is continuous
pad
theorem the
By linear the
previous
has
Pvp a
unitue
Solution

The linear 1
Vp

y yeahpexly ytral
a
ylblIn
We need a condition
on that replace
y.ca
the one on
4161
 For linear Mvp Let assume

have two solutions

we
y ye
3 1rad
Y
y pexly ready
L 0
yea y'Ial
Cut pexly'tpexly
t y o Cal I
yea y
y
theorem suppose
that
A Ktm units
for i l m

Let fi be continuous
and satisfy a
Lipschitz
condition D The system of
on

first order ODE

 3 fi t.ie Um
with initial conditions
Ui al di

has a a
anigue solution
Ui Um t

since and 1 2 are

solutionsy to and

then
y.tk
a

is a
union solution
in
the 1342
prt.fi
Note that
Y y 144
y 1kg
 pyitey.ir
y
kcpyitey.li
Tyra
plyituyi
tr
fly thy
Y
py yer
b
choosing properly
so we can obtain a
Solution to the Dvp
in 2

ylat y.ca thyial

y.C6ltkydbI p
LyCbl

So k need to be
chosen such that
K f y.CH

I y.nl
i

h
 YM y.cat Yyry

Shooting Methods for

linear 13
non
Vp
5 s fix y y
y GEXE 6

Generate a series of
each correspond
to a series tube
solutions

qq.iiaf.tn
I KEL
 for k
sufficiency
have
large we

solution to
problem
2

we need to
impose
o
ycb.to
d
p
O
 Combine
in each iteration

step
F Hut ylb.tn p o