Chemical RØADMAP TO

Management Board
Management for the ZERO
Meeting
Textile Industry DISCHARGE OF
HAZARDOUS
March 25/26,
MODULE 2 2013
CHEMICALS

IN ASSOCIATION WITH
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DISCLAIMER

PLEASE NOTE: The following presentation is being provided as an introduction to the

general use of chemicals in textile manufacturing.

The presentation is not intended to define applicable requirements or prescribe means

or methods in accordance with those requirements, but instead to inform training
participants of the potential hazards and use of chemicals in today’s textile
manufacturing industry.

The intent of the presentation is to provide awareness to these hazards, with a focus on
textile manufacturing process improvement and chemical-use reduction in the future.

Country-specific regulatory requirements are not addressed in detail in this training

session and each supplier is expected to become informed of these requirements for
their specific operation and incorporate manufacturing practices to maintain regulatory
compliance within their chemical management programs.

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CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT TRAINING CONTENT
All training modules can be accessed at www.roadmaptozero.com

MODULE1 INTRODUCTION TO CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT

MODULE2 HAZARDS AND RISK ASSESSMENT
RISK CONTROL HIERARCHY

MODULE3 ZDHC MRSL

FUNCTIONS AND BEST PRACTICES OF SDS
CHEMICAL LABELLING
CHEMICAL RISKS COMMUNICATION

MODULE4 CHEMICAL USE AND STORAGE

PPE SELECTION
EMERGENCY RESPONSE

MODULE5 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES

WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND MONITORING

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MODULE 2

4
HAZARDS AND RISKS
RISK ASSESSMENT
RISK CONTROL HIERARCHY

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HAZARD VERSUS RISK
• A hazard is an intrinsic property of a chemical that is
independent of usage, exposure or other criteria. Property
examples:
─ Gasoline is flammable
─ PCBs are persistent in the environment
─ Some uranium isotopes are radioactive
• The risk also considers the exposure potential when using a
chemical, the engineering controls in place, PPE, etc. Thus, in
general terms:
─ Risk is a function of Hazard x Exposure

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EXAMPLES OF HAZARD ENDPOINTS
USED IN RISK ASSESSMENT
The following are typical endpoints used to categorise and
rank chemical hazards. Combining this information with exposure potential,
a risk model can be developed.

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RISK ASSESSMENT IN THE WORKPLACE

A risk assessment is a careful examination of what in your work or

workplace could cause harm to people. This will help you
determine what precautions or controls are necessary to prevent
harm.
• Intention: Prevent workplace
accidents, work-related health
issues and environmental impacts
• Outcome: Precautions/control
measures should be specified in
writing

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HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS
When you are carrying out a chemical risk assessment, several key questions
need to be asked:
• What potential exposures may occur?
─ Use chemical inventory, consider all persons who may be affected.
─ Review PPE in use to make sure it is appropriate.
─ Review environmental controls to ensure they are adequate.
• What hazards are indicated for the chemical?
─ Information can be found on packaging labels, from SDS, supplier or a specialist
in your factory.
• What activities can give rise to exposure?
─ When is it possible for spills or splashes to occur?
─ Are there steps in a process that increase the potential for exposure? Can these
steps be eliminated or changed?
• What risks need to be controlled?
─ The significance may depend on duration and frequency of exposure as well as
the concentration of the substance involved.

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RISK ASSESSMENT OF 2

HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS
The 4-Step Risk Assessment Process

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EXPOSURE RISK OF
HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS

Human health
• Worker exposure to hazardous chemicals can be minimised or eliminated by
use of proper PPE and engineering controls. In cases of inadequate PPE and
engineering controls, exposure to these chemicals is increased unnecessarily.

Environment
• Environmental exposure may occur due to factory discharges, sludge waste
disposal and airborne pathways. Consumer use of products can also
contribute to the environmental exposure due to laundering and finished
product disposal.

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TYPICAL RISK REDUCTION METHODS
WHEN WORKING WITH CHEMICALS

 Know the hazards before procuring new chemicals – review SDS!

 Understand the amount of chemical that can be safely stored
 Does the chemical require separation from other chemicals?
 Determine if engineering controls (for example, hoods and drains) are
adequate to handle the anticipated usage level
 Verify proper PPE is available to all workers using the chemical
 Ensure spill kits contain adequate amounts of the proper sorbent that
are available to handle a spill
 Train staff to respond appropriately to a spill

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INTERACTIVE ACTIVITY 1
IDENTIFY HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS
Identify chemicals that you know of that can cause potential hazard for:
• Skin burns or irritation
• Inhalation risks
• Headache or nausea
• Poisoning

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INTERACTIVE ACTIVITY 1 2

IDENTIFY HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS

Identify chemicals that you know of that can cause a potential hazard for
skin burns or irritation. These irritations can be caused by contact with:

• A corrosive liquid (for example, sulphuric acid and formic acid)

• Bases
• Solvents
• Other chemicals
• Even surfactants can irritate or burn skin in concentrated form

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INTERACTIVE ACTIVITY 1
IDENTIFY HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS
Identify chemicals you know of which can cause potential hazard for
inhalation risks:
• Any volatile chemical, solvents or compressed gases (especially in areas of
inadequate ventilation or confined spaces).
• Any chemical with a smell should be reviewed for hazards. If it can be
smelled, some level of exposure is occurring. Whether or not this is
dangerous depends on the hazards.

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INTERACTIVE ACTIVITY 1
IDENTIFY HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS
Identify chemicals you know of which can cause potential hazard for
headache or nausea.
• These include chemicals such as ammonia, pyridine and chlorobenzene.
• Symptoms can be caused by a wide variety of chemical exposures, which
symptom depends on the specific chemical, the exposure pathway and an
individuals response to a chemical.

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INTERACTIVE ACTIVITY 1
IDENTIFY HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS
Identify chemicals you know of which can cause potential hazard for
poisoning:
• Poisoning occurs by exposure to a chemical at a level that causes adverse
health effects to an individual.
• Adverse health effects can be acute (short term) exposure or chronic (long
term) exposure, depending on the concentration and the uptake pathway.
• All chemicals are dangerous at a high enough concentration.

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INTERACTIVE ACTIVITY 1 2

RECOGNISE HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS

Can you identify the primary risk(s) associated with each item, below ?

Acids (e.g., HCL, H2SO4) Heavy metals

Bases (e.g., NaOH, KOH) Peroxides
Organic solvents Volatile chemicals
Dyes Heavier than air gases
Potassium permanganate Lighter than air gases
Fuels Paints/pigments
Compressed gases Formaldehyde
Surfactants DMF

How would you find out?

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INTERACTIVE ACTIVITY 2 2

THE TEXTILE AND GARMENT INDUSTRY

LPG Gases

 Are these types of chemicals used in your factory?

 What are their purposes?
 What are their hazards and risks?

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INTERACTIVE ACTIVITY 2 2

IDENTIFY COMMON CHEMICALS USED IN

THE TEXTILE AND GARMENT INDUSTRY
Thinner water Base/Oxidant

 Are these kinds of chemicals used in your factory?

 What are their purposes?
 What are their hazards and risks?

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INTERACTIVE ACTIVITY 2 2

IDENTIFY COMMON CHEMICALS USED IN

THE TEXTILE AND GARMENT INDUSTRY
Sodium Hydrosulfite Potassium Permanganate Sodium Cyanide

 Are these types of chemicals used in your factory?

 What are their purposes?
 What are their hazards and risks?

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INTERACTIVE ACTIVITY 2 2

IDENTIFY COMMON CHEMICALS USED IN THE

TEXTILE AND GARMENT INDUSTRY
HCL NaOH KOH

 Are these kinds of chemicals used in your factory?

 What are their purposes?
 What are their hazards and risks?

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IMPROPER USE OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS

Potential injuries from improper handling of chemicals include:

• Skin burns or irritation caused by contact with a corrosive liquid
• Being overcome or losing consciousness following inhalation of toxic
fumes
• Experiencing acute symptoms such as headache or nausea within hours
of inhalation
• Poisoning by absorption through the skin of a toxic substance

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CHEMICAL RISK CONTROL HIERARCHY 2

Best method of Lower Toxicity Chemicals Replace Higher

risk reduction

Process Changes to Reduce Exposure Potential

Isolation of Chemicals

Ventilation/Engineering Controls

PPE

Last resort to
Protect workers
Incident Response

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NEXT TRAINING MODULES

The following aspects of chemical management are reviewed

in subsequent training modules available at
www.roadmaptozero.com:
• MRSL, SDS, Chemical Labelling and Chemical Inventory
• Chemical communications, root cause analysis and
emergency response
• Environmental impacts mitigation measures,
wastewater treatment and monitoring

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MAKE
CHANGE,
TOGETHER!
QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS, EMAIL US:
info@roadmaptozero.com

Leaders in Advancing Environmental Responsibility