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Basic Concepts: EE102 Fundamentals For Electrical and Electronics Engineering DR Sheikh Izzal Azid

This document provides an overview of basic electrical engineering concepts: 1. An electric circuit is defined as an interconnection of electrical elements that allows the movement and transfer of electric charge. 2. The international system of units (SI units) are used to quantify electrical values and properties such as length, mass, time, current, resistance, and voltage. 3. Current is defined as the rate of flow of electric charge measured in Amperes. Direct current (DC) remains constant while alternating current (AC) varies sinusoidally over time.

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159 views20 pages

Basic Concepts: EE102 Fundamentals For Electrical and Electronics Engineering DR Sheikh Izzal Azid

This document provides an overview of basic electrical engineering concepts: 1. An electric circuit is defined as an interconnection of electrical elements that allows the movement and transfer of electric charge. 2. The international system of units (SI units) are used to quantify electrical values and properties such as length, mass, time, current, resistance, and voltage. 3. Current is defined as the rate of flow of electric charge measured in Amperes. Direct current (DC) remains constant while alternating current (AC) varies sinusoidally over time.

Uploaded by

ranish sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BASIC CONCEPTS

EE102 Fundamentals for Electrical and Electronics Engineering


Dr Sheikh Izzal Azid
Electric Circuit

• An electric circuit is an interconnection of electrical


elements.
Electric Circuit
Systems of UNITS

• When taking measurements, we must use


units to quantify values
• We use the International Systems of Units (SI
for short)
Systems of UNITS

Quantity Basic Unit Symbol


Length meter m

Mass kilogram kg

Time second s

Electric current ampere A

Resistance Ohm Ω

Electric Potential Volts V


The SI Prefixes

• Prefixes on SI units
allow for easy
relationships between
large and small values
Charge
• Charge is a basic SI unit, measured in Coulombs
(C)
• Charge of single electron is 1.602x10-19 C
• One Coulomb is quite large, 6.24x1018 electrons.
Charge

•In the lab, one typically sees (pC, nC, or


μC)
•Charge is always multiple of electron
charge
•Charge cannot be created or destroyed,
only transferred.
Electric Current
• The movement of charge is called a current
• Historically the moving charges were thought to be
positive
• Thus we always note the direction of the equivalent
positive charges, even if the moving charges are
negative.
Electric Current
•Current, i, is measured as charge moved per unit
time through an element.
dq
i
dt
•Unit is Ampere (A), is one Coulomb/second
DC vs. AC
• A current that remains constant with time
is called Direct Current (DC)
• Such current is represented by the capital
I, time varying current uses the
lowercase, i.
• A common source of DC is a battery.
• A current that varies sinusoidally with
time is called Alternating Current (AC)
• Mains power is an example of AC

11
Direction of current
•The sign of the current indicates the direction
in which the charge is moving with reference
to the direction of interest we define.
•Current flows from high potential to low
potential

12
Direction of Current II

•A positive current through a component is


the same as a negative current flowing in the
opposite direction.

13
Voltage
•Electrons move when there is a
difference in charge between two
locations.
•This difference is expressed at the
potential difference, or voltage (V).
•It is always expressed with
reference to two locations

14
Voltage II

•It is equal to the energy needed to


move a unit charge between the
locations.
•Positive charge moving from a
higher potential to a lower yields
energy.
•Moving from negative to positive
requires energy.

15
Power
• Power: time rate of producing or absorbing
energy
• Denoted by p
• Circuit Elements that absorb power have a
positive value of p
• Circuit Elements that produce power have a
negative value of p
dw
p p  vi
dt
Circuit Elements

• Ideal Independent Source: provides a specified voltage


or current that is completely independent of other circuit
variables
• Ideal Independent Voltage Source:
Circuit Elements

• Ideal independent current source


Circuit Elements

• Ideal dependent voltage source

• Ideal dependent current source


Dependent Source example

• The circuit shown below is an example of using a


dependent source.
• The source on the right is controlled by the current
passing through element C.

20

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