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Uses of capital letters and punctuation

+Capital letters:

We use capital letters:

 To begin a sentence or statement: We’re meeting for lunch tomorrow.

 When we want to call people by their title: Mrs. Brown, Mum, Aunt Kelly, Miss Ana…
 For the names of people: Mary, Ahmed, Fatima…
 For the personal pronoun “I”: Can I borrow your Camera?
 For the names or abbreviations of organizations: United Nations, Educational Scientific
and Cultural Organization “UNESCO”….
 For the titles of films and books: So Long Mr. Wrong, Rhapsody, Barefoot, She’s the
man…
 For the names of places (countries and towns): Morocco, Singapore, Paris, London…
 For nationalities and languages: English, Chinese, Moroccan…
 For days, months, celebrations: Thursday, April, New Year…
 For adjectives made from proper nouns: China, Chinese, Morocco, Morrocan…

+Punctuation:

 Full stop (.):

At the end of statement or a phrase (information and instruction) and after a polite
request: “My hearing is getting worse as I get older.“, “Please forgive me. “
In some abbreviations to show that some letters at the end of a specific word are
missing: Pl. (Plural), approx. (approximately), Fri. (Friday).
In modern British English, full stops are not usually added when the abbreviation
contains the last letter of the full word: Mr (=Mister); Dr (=Doctor); Rd (=Road); Ave
(=Avenue).
Full stops are not used after abbreviation of scientific units: cm, km, g, kg, sec, min…
 Comma (,):
To represent a brief pause in the middle of a long sentence: It’s been hot everyday
so far, so we’ve spent most of the time on the beach along with everyone else.
In lists of adjectives that appear before a noun: a hot, sunny, long day.
(Note: It’s also correct to leave out commas in this case)
In lists of two or more items: I bought some tomatoes, some mushrooms, and a
pumpkin.
(Note: The last comma before “and” can be left out).
After linking words at the beginning of a phrase: First of all, let me introduce you the
plan.
Before and after linking words in the middle of a statement: chris, on the other
hand, did not approve.
When we give additional information that can be left out: Ahmed, who is known as
being lazy, woke up at 11.30.
Before questions tags: you did your homework, didn’t you?
To separate the speaker from the words spoken: Kelly said, “I’ll be right back.”
In large numbers to separate sets of digits: 2.300 18.700 450.060 5.000.000
 Semicolon (;):
To join two sentences with related meanings together: We need better technology;
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better technology costs money.
To separate long items in a list: Students are asked not to leave bicycles by the
entrance; not to eat chewing gum in the classroom; and not to be late for school.
 Colon (:) :
To represent an explanation of the previous part of the sentence: At the end, we had
to stop: we were tired and it was very dark.
To introduce items in a list: We ask you to provide us one of the following pieces of
identification: a passport, a student’s card and a driving licence.
To give examples in the middle of a sentence.
 Quotation marks (“ ”):
Around direct speech: “what time is it?” Susie asked
Around words you want to emphasize or treat: what is “Globalization”?
 Question mark (?):
After a question: How are you?
 Exclamation mark (!):
To express strong emotions like joy, anger and surprise: you will not believe it! I get
my driving licence!
With commands that should be obeyed: Stop laughing!
With short exclamations called interjections: Help! Ouch!
 Apostrophe (‘):
With an‘s’ to show who or what someone or something belongs to or is connected
with: Chris is having dinner with Kelly’s sister.
To show that some letters are missing (contractions or short forms): I can’t (cannot)
believe you anymore, you’re (you are) so exciting!

Those explanations will definitely help you to structure and build your writing in a more organized way.