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Line, Line Segment and Ray: Parallel Lines and A Transversal

This document defines and explains several geometric concepts: - A line extends infinitely in both directions from a point, a ray extends in one direction from an endpoint, and a line segment connects two endpoints. - An angle is formed by two rays with a common endpoint, called the vertex. Complementary angles sum to 90 degrees. - When a transversal intersects parallel lines, corresponding angles and alternate interior angles are equal, and interior angles on the same side of the transversal sum to 180 degrees. - Intersecting lines form vertically opposite and supplementary angles. Adjacent angles share an arm, and linear pairs sum to 180 degrees. The interior angles of a triangle sum to 180 degrees.

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Midhun Bhuvanesh.B 7A
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151 views5 pages

Line, Line Segment and Ray: Parallel Lines and A Transversal

This document defines and explains several geometric concepts: - A line extends infinitely in both directions from a point, a ray extends in one direction from an endpoint, and a line segment connects two endpoints. - An angle is formed by two rays with a common endpoint, called the vertex. Complementary angles sum to 90 degrees. - When a transversal intersects parallel lines, corresponding angles and alternate interior angles are equal, and interior angles on the same side of the transversal sum to 180 degrees. - Intersecting lines form vertically opposite and supplementary angles. Adjacent angles share an arm, and linear pairs sum to 180 degrees. The interior angles of a triangle sum to 180 degrees.

Uploaded by

Midhun Bhuvanesh.B 7A
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Line, line segment and ray

 If we take a point and draw a straight path that extends endlessly on both the sides, then
the straight path is called as a line.
 A ray is a part of a line with one endpoint.
 A line segment is a part of a line with two endpoints.

Angles
 An angle is formed when two rays originate from the same end point.
 The rays making an angle are called the arms of the angle.
 The end point is called the vertex of the angle.

Complementary Angles
 Two angles whose sum is 900 are called complementary angles.
Example: 500 + 400 = 900
∴ 500 and 400 angles are complementary angles.

Parallel Lines and a Transversal

Transversal intersecting two lines


 Transversal is a line that intersects two or more lines at different points.
 Corresponding Angles:
(i) ∠1 and ∠5 (ii) ∠2 and ∠6
(iii) ∠3 and ∠7 (iv) ∠4 and ∠8
 Alternate Interior Angles:
(i) ∠3 and ∠6 (ii) ∠4 and ∠5
 Alternate Exterior Angles:
(i) ∠1 and ∠8 (ii) ∠2 and ∠7
 Interior angles on the same side of the transversal:
(i) ∠3 and ∠5 (ii) ∠4 and ∠6

Transversal of Parallel Lines

 If a transversal intersects two parallel lines, then each pair of corresponding angles is
equal.
(i) ∠1=∠5 (ii) ∠2=∠6
(iii) ∠3=∠7 (iv) ∠4=∠8
 If a transversal intersects two parallel lines, then each pair of alternate interior angles is
equal.
(i) ∠3=∠6 (ii) ∠4=∠5
 If a transversal intersects two parallel lines, then each pair of interior angles on the same
side of the transversal is supplementary.
(i) ∠3+∠5=1800 (ii) ∠4+∠6=1800

Checking if two or more lines are parallel


 There are three conditions to check whether the two lines are parallel. They are:
(i) If a transversal intersects two lines such that a pair of corresponding angles is equal,
then the two lines are parallel to each other.
(ii) If a transversal intersects two lines such that a pair of alternate interior angles is
equal, then the two lines are parallel.
(iii) If a transversal intersects two lines such that a pair of interior angles on the same
side of the transversal is supplementary, then the two lines are parallel.
Intersecting Lines and Pairs of Angles

Supplementary angles
 Two angles whose sum is 1800 are called supplementary angles.
Example: 1100+700=900
∴ 1100 and 700 angles are supplementary angles.

Adjacent Angles
 Two angles are adjacent, if they have
(i) A common vertex
(ii) A common arm
(iii) Their non-common arms on different sides of the common arm.

Here ∠ABD and ∠DBC are adjacent angles.

Linear Pair
 Linear pair of angles are adjacent angles whose sum is equal to 180∘.

Here, 1 and 2 are linear pair of angles.

Vertically Opposite Angles


 Vertically opposite angles are formed when two straight lines intersect each other at a
common point.
 Vertically opposite angles are equal.

Here, the following pairs of angles are vertically opposite angles.


(i) a and c
(ii) b and d

Intersecting and Non-Intersecting lines


 Intersecting lines are lines which intersect at a common point called the point of
intersection.

 Parallel lines are lines which do not intersect at any point. Parallel lines are also known
as non- intersecting lines.

Sum of Interior Angles in a Triangle


 Angle sum property of a triangle: Sum of all interior angles of a triangle is 180 0.

In △ABC, ∠1+∠2+∠3=1800

The exterior angle of a triangle = Sum of opposite internal angles


 If a side of a triangle is produced, then the exterior angle so formed is equal to the sum of
the two interior opposite angles.

In △ABC, ∠CAB+∠ABC=∠ACD.

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