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Ac Generator Theory

Input power = 5 hp x 746 W/hp = 3730 W Output power = 2000 W Efficiency = Output/Input x 100 = 2000/3730 x 100 = 53.6% So the efficiency of the generator is 53.6%

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Krizelle Manalo
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150 views3 pages

Ac Generator Theory

Input power = 5 hp x 746 W/hp = 3730 W Output power = 2000 W Efficiency = Output/Input x 100 = 2000/3730 x 100 = 53.6% So the efficiency of the generator is 53.6%

Uploaded by

Krizelle Manalo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AC GENERATOR THEORY

Slide 1:

Theory of Operation

A simple AC Generator consists of:

(a) Strong magnetic field


(b) Conductors
(c) Means by which a continuous connection is provided to the conductors

Slide 2:

 The strong magnetic field is


produced by a current flow.
 The field coil receives excitation.
 Two brushes are spring-held in
contact with the slip rings.
 The armature is contained within the
windings of the stator and is
connected to the output.
 One complete revolution = One
complete cycle of AC

Slide 3:

 The magnitude of AC voltage generated by an AC Generator is DEPENDENT on the


field strength and speed of the rotor.
 The frequency of the generated voltage is dependent on the number of field poles and
the speed.
NP
f=
120
where f = frequency (Hz)

P = total number of poles

N = rotor speed (rpm)

120 = conversion from minutes to seconds and from poles to pole pairs

(60 sec /1 min) x 2 poles / pole pair)

Therefore, the units of frequency (hertz or cycle/sec) are derived.

Slide 4:

Losses in an AC Generator

 The load current flows through the armature in all AC generators.


 The armature has some amount of resistance and inductive resistance.
 The combination of these make up what is known as the internal resistance, which
causes a loss in an AC generator.
 Voltage drop – subtracts from the output voltage; represents generated voltage and
power that is lost.
Voltage drop = IaRa + IaXLa

Where

Ia = armature current

Ra = armature resistance

XLa = armature inductive reactance

Slide 5:

Hysteresis Losses

 Occur when iron cores in an AC generator are subject to effects from a magnetic field.
 Magnetic domains of the cores are held in alignment with the field in varying numbers.
 Magnetic domains rotate and cause friction and heat.
 The heat produced by this friction is called the magnetic hysteresis loss.

Slide 6:

Mechanical Losses

 Mechanical or rotational losses can be caused by bearing friction, brush friction, and air
friction (called windage).
 Careful maintenance can be instrumental in keeping bearing friction to a minimum.
 Hydrogen is used within the generator for cooling; hydrogen causes less windage losses
than air.

Slide 7:

Efficiency

 Ratio of the useful power output to the total power input.


 No AC generators can be 100% efficient.
Efficiency = Output/Input x 100

Example:

Given a 5 hp motor acting as the prime mover of the generator that has a load demand of 2kW,
determine the efficiency of the generator.

Analysis: The input and output power must be in the same units.

Therefore,

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