CHAPTER 4 : COMPLEX NUMBERS (REVISION)

4. Given that the complex numbers w and z satisfy the rquations

1. It is given that two complex numbers z and w satisfy the following equations
w* + 2z = i and w + (1 – 2i)z = 3 + 3i,
13z = (4 – 7i)w and z – 2w = 5 – 4i. find w and z in the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers.
Find z and w in the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers.
w* + 2z = i -----(1) x (1 – 2i)  (1 – 2i)w* + 2(1 – 2i)z = 2 + i -----(2)
z = 5 – 4i + 2 w : 13(5 – 4i + 2w) = (4 – 7i)w  (22 + 7i)w = –13(5 – 4i) w + (1 – 2i)z = 3 + 3i -----(3) x 2  2w + 2(1 – 2i)z = 6 + 6i -----(4)

 w=
-- 13(5 -- 4i) -- 13(5 -- 4i) (22 -- 7i) -- 13(82 -- 123i)
= x = = –2 + 3i (4) – (2) : 2w – (1 – 2i)w* = 4 + 5i (Let w = a + bi  w* = a – bi)
(22  7i) (22  7i) (22 -- 7i) 222  72  2(a + bi) – (1 – 2i)(a – bi) = 4 + 5i  (a + 2b) + (2a + 3b)i = 4 + 5i
 z = 5 – 4i + 2(–2 + 3i) = 1 + 2i  a + 2b = 4 and 2a + 3b = 5  a = –2 , b = 3  w = –2 + 3i

 (1) : (–2 – 3i) + 2z = i  z = 1 + 2i

2. It is given that two complex numbers z and w satisfy the following equations
z + w = 3 – 2i and iz + 2w = 4 – 8i. Find the modulus of z and w.
5. Find the complex numbers z and w which satisfy the simultaneous equations
z + w = 3 – 2i ----- (1)  2z + 2w = 6 – 4i ----- (2) iz + 2w = 4 – 8i ----- (3) w – 4iz = 13 – 9i and (4 + 2i)w* – z = 3i.
(2  4i) (2  i) 4  2i  8i -- 4
(2) – (3) : (2 – i)z = 2 + 4i  z= x = = 2i w – 4iz = 13 – 9i -----(1)
(2 -- i) (2  i) 22  12
(4 + 2i)w* – z = 3i -----(2) x 4i  (–8 + 16i)w* – 4iz = –12 -----(3)
 (2i) + w = 3 – 2i  w = 3 – 4i
(1) – (3) : w – (–8 + 16i)w* = 25 – 9i (Let w = a + bi  w* = a – bi)
 |z|=2 and |w|= 3 2  (-- 4)2 = 5  (a + bi) – (–8 + 16i)(a – bi) = 25 – 9i  (9a – 16b) – (16a + 7b)i = 25 – 9i
 9a – 16b = 25 and 16a + 7b = 9  a = 1 , b = –1  w=1–i

3. Given (1 + 2i)u – 2v = 3 – 4i, find the values of u and v in each of the  (2) : (4 + 2i)(1 + i) – z = 3i  z = 2 + 3i
following cases :
(a) u and v are both real numbers.
6. The complex number z is such that it has modulus 3 and argument (–  ).
(b) u and v are respectively a complex number and its conjugate. 2
a 3b
(a) (1 + 2i)u – 2v = 3 – 4i  (u – 2v) + 2ui = 3 – 4i, Given that z = +
1  i 1 -- i
, find the real values of a and b.
5
 u – 2v = 3 and 2u = – 4  u = –2 , v = –
2 z = 3[cos (–  )+ i sin (–  )] = –3i
2 2
(b) Let u = a + bi  v = a – bi
  a 3b a(1 -- i)  3b(1  i) ( a  3b ) (3b -- a )i
(1 + 2i)u – 2v = 3 – 4i (1 + 2i)(a + bi) – 2(a – bi) = 3 – 4i z= + =  –3i = +
1 i 1 -- i (1 -- i)(1  i) 2 2
 (–a – 2b) + (2a + 3b)i = 3 – 4i  –a – 2b = 3 and 2a + 3b = – 4
 a + 3b = 0 and 3b – a = –6  a = 3 , b = –1
 a = 1 , b = –2  u = 1 – 2i , v = 1 + 2i
7. Express the complex number z = – 2 + i 2 in polar form. 9. Given that 2 + i is a root for the equation z3 + mz2 + nz + 10 = 0.
7 Find the real values of m and n.
The complex zw has modulus 4 and argument .
12 With these values of m and n, find the other roots of this equation.
Find the exact complex number w in the form a + bi. Sketch an Argand diagram showing the points representing the roots.

|z| = (-- 2)2  ( 2)2 = 2 arg (z) = tan−1 ( -- 22 ) = 34 Root = 2 + i : (2 + i)3 + m(2 + i)2 + n(2 + i) + 10 = 0
 (2 + 11i) + m(3 + 4i) + n(2 + i) + 10 = 0
3
 z = 2 [cos ( ) + i sin ( 3 )]  3m + 2n = –12 and 4m + n = –11  m = –2 , n = –3
4 4

 zw = 4 [cos
7
+ i sin
7
]  w=
4 cis (712 ) = 2 cis ( 7 – 3 ) Since all coefficients of the equation are
3 real numbers, (2 – i) is also a root,
12 12 2 cis ( 4 ) 12 4
Z1(2 , 1)
 w = 2 cis (

) = 2 [cos 
+ i sin

]= 3 +i
 z3 – 2z2 – 3z + 10 
= (z – 2 – i)(z – 2 + i)(z + w) Z3(–2 , 0)
6 6 6
 0
= (z2 – 4z + 5)(z + w)
8. Solve the equation z2 − ( 2 3 )iz − 4 = 0, giving your answers in the form
Z (2 , –1)
[ z0 ] : 10 = 5w  w=2 2
x + yi, where x and y are real.
 Other roots are (2 – i) and –2.
(a) Find the modulus and argument of each root.
(b) Sketch an Argand diagram showing the points representing the roots
 
10. Express the complex number z = 1 + cos – i sin in polar form.
3 3
2
-- (-- 2 3 i)  (-- 2 3 i) -- 4(1)(-- 4) 
z2 − ( 2 3 )iz − 4 = 0 : z= The complex zw has modulus 6 and argument .
2(1) 12
 z = –1 + 3 i , 1 + 3 i Find the complex number w in the form a + bi.

  1 3 3 3
(a) z1 = –1 + 3 i
(b) z = 1 + cos
3
– i sin
3
(
= 1+
2
)–i( 2
)= 2
–
2
i
2
 Z2
Z1
 | z1 | = (-- 1)2  ( 3 )2 = 2
) = – 6
2 2 -- 3
|z| = (32)  (--23 ) = 3 arg (z) = tan−1 ( 3
2

Arg (z1) = tan–1 ( --31) = 23  

2

 z = 2 [cos (– ) + i sin (– )]
60o 60o 6 6
z2 = 1 + 3 i –2 0 2

 | z2 | = 1 ( 3 ) = 2
2 2  zw = 6 [cos

+ i sin

]  w=
6 cis 12( )
= 2 cis (
 
+ )

12 12 3 cis --( 6) 12 6

Arg (z2) = tan–1 ( 13 ) = 3  w = 2 cis (


)= 2 [cos

+ i sin

]=1+i
–2 4 4 4
11. It is given that z = – 3 + i. Express z in polar form. Hence find z6. 13. The complex number w has modulus r and argument θ, where 0 < θ <  ,
2
zn and w* denotes the conjugate of w.
Find the two smallest positive integer values of n for which is purely imaginary.
z* w
If z = 1 + , find the modulus and argument of z in terms of θ. [6]
5 w*
| z | = (-- 3 )2  1 2 = 2 arg (z) = tan−1 ( -- 3 )
1 =
6 Given that z 8 is positive real number, find the value of θ. [3]
5 5
 z = 2(cos + i sin ) w w w w2 ( r cis θ )2
6 6 = x = = = cis 2θ = cos 2θ + i sin 2θ
5 5 6
w* w* w w
2
r2
 [
z6 = 2(cos
6
+ i sin
6
]
) = 26(cos 5 + i sin 5) = 64(–1 + 0) = – 64  z = 1 + (cos 2θ + i sin 2θ) = (1 + cos 2θ) + i sin 2θ
zn zn z zn  1 1 5 5 n + 1  z = (2 cos2 θ) + i (2 sin θ cos θ)

z*
=
z*
x
z
= 2
= 2 2(cos
6
+ i sin[ 6
) ]
z 2
| z |2 = (2 cos2 θ)2 + (2 sin θ cos θ)2 = 4 cos2 θ(cos2 θ + sin2 θ) = 4 cos2 θ
5(n  1) 5(n  1)
= ( 2n -- 1 )[cos + i sin ] | z |2 = 4 cos2 θ  | z | = 2 cos θ
6 6
zn zn 5(n  1) θ cos θ
For is purely imaginary : Re (
z*
)=0  z*
( 2n -- 1 )cos
6
=0  arg (z) = tan−1 (2 sin 2
2 cos θ
) = tan −1
(tan θ) = θ
5(n  1)
Since 2n -- 1 > 0 for all n  cos =0
6
5(n  1) 1 3 5 7 2k  1  z 8 = [r cis θ] 8 = r 8 cis 8θ = r 8 (cos 8θ + i sin 8θ)
 = , , , ,..., , where k 
6 2 2 2 2 2
2 4 10 16 6k -- 2 For z 8 is a positive real number : sin 8θ = 0 and cos 8θ > 0
 n = -- , , , ,...,
5 5 5 5 5  8θ = , 2, 3
 Two smallest positive integer values of n = 2 , 8 Since cos 8θ > 0 : 8θ = 2  θ= 
4

12. Given that –2 + 3i is a root of the quadratic equation 2z2 + (–1 + 4i)z + w = 0,
find the complex number w and the modulus and argument of other root.

Root = –2 + 3i : 2(–2 + 3i)2 + (–1 + 4i)(–2 + 3i) + w = 0

 2(4 – 9 – 12i) + (2 – 12 – 11i) + w = 0  w = 20 + 35i

(-- 1 4i) 5
Sum of roots : z1 + (–2 + 3i) = –  z1 = – 5i
2 2
5 5
 | z1 | = (52)2  (-- 5)2 = 2
and Arg (z1) = tan–1 (-5- 25) = –1.1071
14. Find the three complex numbers z0, z1, z2 that satisfy the equation
16. Solve the equation iz3 = 2 – 2i, expressing all possible values of z in polar form. [4]
z3 + 4 2 + 4 2 i = 0. Give your answers in polar form. [4]
Hence, deduce the roots of the equation –iw3 = 2 + 2i, expressing all possible
Deduce the value of w, if w = z06 + z16 + z26. [3] values of w in polar form. [4]
3
z3 + 4 2 + 4 2 i = 0  z3 = – 4 2 – 4 2 i = 8 cis (– ) 3
4 iz3 = 2 – 2i _ _ _ (x –i)  z3 = – 2 – 2i = 2 2 cis (– )
4
3
 z3 = 8 cis (–  2k ) 3
4  z3 = 2 2 cis (–  2k )
1
4
3 
 [
z = 8 cis (–
4
 2k) ] 3
= 2 cis (–
4

2k
3
), for k = 0, 1, 2
 [
z = 2 2 cis (–
3
 2k) ]
1
3
= 2 cis (–


2k
), for k = 0, 1, 2
4 4 3
   5   13 
 z = 2 cis  --  , 2 cis   
 12  , 2 cis  12 
    5   13 
 4       z= 2 cis  --  , 2 cis   ,
 2 cis  

 4  12   12 
  5 5
z = 2 [cos ( -- ) + i sin ( -- )] , 2 [cos ], 

4 4 12
+ i sin
12  z= 2 [cos ( --
4
) + i sin ( -- 4 )] , 2 [cos
5
12
+ i sin
5
12
],
11 
2 [cos ( --
12
) + i sin ( -- 11
12
)] 2 [cos ( --
11
) + i sin ( -- 11
)]
12 12

z3 = – 4 2 – 4 2 i  z6 = (– 4 2 – 4 2 i)2 = 64i –iw3 = 2 + 2i _____ (x –i)  –w3 = 2 – 2i = iz3

 w = z06 + z16 + z26 = 64i + 64i + 64i = 192i  w3 = –iz3  w3 = (i2) iz3 = (iz)3
    5    13  
  w = iz = 2 cis  --  . cis   , 2 cis        
 12  . cis  2  , 2 cis  12  . cis  2 
15. The complex number z has modulus r and argument θ, where 0 < θ < .  4   2
         
2
(-- 1  i)z 2
  11   5 
Given that w = , with w2 is a positive real number. = 2 cis   , 2 cis   , 2 cis  -- 
z*  
 4  12   12 
Find all the possible values of θ.
  11 11
6  w= 2 [cos ( ) + i sin ( )] , 2 [cos + i sin ],
(-- 1  i)2 z 4 z 2 (1 -- 1 -- 2i)z 6 (-- 2i)[r cis θ ] 4 4 12 12
w2 = x 2 = = = –2r2 i cis 6θ
5
) + i sin ( -- 512 )]
2 2 4
( z *)2 z ( ) z r 2 [cos ( --
12
= –2r2 i (cos 6θ + i sin 6θ) = 2r2 (sin 6θ – i cos 6θ)
For w2 is a positive real number : sin 6θ > 0 and cos 6θ = 0
 3 5
6θ = , ,
2 2 2
 5  5
Since sin 6θ > 0 : 6θ = ,  θ= ,
2 2 12 12
17. Given that z = 4 [cos  + i sin  ] and w = 2 [cos 3 – i sin 3 ] ,
6 6 19. Express the complex numbers 2 + 2 3 i and 3 – i in polar form respectively.
5
find the modulus and argument of w . (2  2 3 i ) 5
Hence, evaluate in the form a + bi.
(z*) 3 ( 3 -- i)9

] [4 cis ( 6 )] ( 2 23 ) = 3
5
w 5 = w 5 . z3 =
(z*) 3
(z*) 3
z 3
1
( z )2 3
2 cis (– )
3
[ 3
| 2 + 2 3 i | = 2 2  (2 3 )2 = 4 arg (2 + 2 3 i ) = tan−1

 
 2 + 2 3 i = 4(cos + i sin )
5 3 5 
=
1
[ 5
2 cis (– ) ][ 3
4 cis (
1
) = cis (–  )] 3 3
( 42 )3 3 6 2 3 2
| 3 – i | = ( 3 )2  (-- 1)2 = 2 arg ( 3 – i ) = tan−1 ( --31) = – 6
1 7 1 5
3 – i = 2 [cos (–  ) + i sin (– 6 )]
= cis (– ) = cis ( )
2 6 2 6 
6
5 1 5 5  4 cis  
5
5
 modulus of w argument of w  3 
= and =
(z*) 3 2 (z*) 3 6 (2  2 3 i ) 5
 (4)5 cis 3
= = .
( 3 -- i)9  2 cis (--  ) 
9
(2)9 cis (-- 9 )
  6
 6 

18. Express the complex numbers 1 + i and 1 + i 3 in polar form respectively. = 2 cis ( 5 – 3 ) = 2 [cos ( 6 ) + i sin ( 6 )]
3 2
6
(1  i 3 )
Hence evaluate in the form a + bi. 3
(1  i)9 =2[ + 1 i] = 3 +i
2 2

| 1 + i | = 12  12 = 2 arg (1 + i ) = tan−1 1
1 ( )= 4
 
 1+i= 2 (cos + i sin )
4 4

| 1 + i 3 | = 1 2  ( 3 )2 = 2 arg (1 + i 3 ) = tan−1 ( 13 ) = 3
 
 1 + i 3 = 2(cos + i sin )
3 3
6
 2 cis  
(1  i 3 )
6  3  (2)6 cis 6
=  = . 3
(1  i)9 cis 
9
 2 cis   ( 2 )9 9
 4  4


2 ) . cis (2 – 9 [cos (– 4 ) + i sin (– 4 )]

3 3
= ( )= ( 2)
4
3 1 – 1 i ] = 2 – 2i
= ( 2) [
2 2
20. The complex number z is given by z = cos θ + i sin θ, where 0 < θ < .

(a) Find modulus and argument of (z – 1), in terms of θ.

(b) Given that w = – 3 + i and (w*z)8 is a negative real number, find all the
possible values of θ in terms of .
5
3 (b)
24
(a) z – 1 = (cos θ – 1) + i sin θ

| z – 1 | = (cos θ -- 1)2  (sin θ )2 = (cos2 θ -- 2 cos θ  1)  sin2 θ

= 2 [1 -- cos θ ] = 2 2 sin2 ( θ ) = 2 sin θ

[ ]
2 2

2 sin θ cos θ
sin θ
arg (z – 1) = tan −1
( = tan
cos θ -- 1 ) −1
2
( 2
-- 2 sin2 ( θ )
)
2
θ 
= tan [– cot ( )] = tan [– tan ( -- θ )]
−1 −1
2 2 2

[since Re (z – 1) = cos θ – 1 < 0 and Im (z – 1) = sin θ > 0  arg (z – 1) is in Q2]

 arg (z – 1) =  – (  -- θ ) = 2 + θ
2 2 2

w=– 3 +i: w* = – 3 – i

 arg (w*) = tan−1 ( ---- 13 ) = – 56

5
 arg [(w*z)8] = 8 [arg (w*) + arg (z)] = 8 [– +( + θ
2
)] = 4θ – 8
6 2 3

For (w*z)8 is a negative real number :

8 8 8
arg [(w*z)8] = 2k + , for k is an integer, and – < 4θ – < 4 –
3 3 3
8  11 17
 4θ – = – 2 +  ,  ,2 +   θ= , ,
3 6 12 12