MODULE 2: MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING

COMPETENCIES (MELCs)

LESSON 1: BACKGROUND, RATIONALE, AND

DEVELOPMENT OF MELCS

Activity 1
Answer the following reflective questions in your Study Notebook:
1. The closure of schools around the world due to the global pandemic posed serious challenges
on the delivery of quality basic education. As a teacher, what do you think are the
fundamental concerns in terms of curriculum standards that need to be addressed in order to
ensure learning continuity? Cite a specific example. Do you think these concerns could be
solved by teachers alone? Why or why not?
Answer: With this global pandemic we have today, this makes education for children more
difficult to achieve. This also brings a big challenge to the Department of Education to
conduct education in this new normal situation. The best way to address the problem is to
adapt this new normal learning by shifting to distance or modular learning. With this strategy,
we can ensure learning continuity. These concerns are not for teachers alone but also with the
collaboration of all the teaching and non-teaching staff. And of course, through parents’
learners and stakeholders support.

2. Even prior to the spread of COVID-19 that eventually led to the closure of schools
nationwide, the congested curriculum has been a perennial problem of teachers (Andaya,
2018). This is perceived to be one of the hindering factors on the poor performance of
Filipino learners. Do you agree with this observation? Why or why not?
Answer: Yes, I agree, in the department of education several curriculums had been laid and
adapt for the purpose of achieving higher standard education and can produce a globally
competitive learner. But due to the congested curriculum, we can’t cope up with the content
standard sometimes it takes time to finish a full quarter subject with a limited time allotment.

Activity 2
Familiarize yourself with the course reading on the Development and Design of the MELCs. After
going through the document, provide a brief and concise response to the following guide questions.
Write your answers in your Study Notebook.
1. What are the general and specific purposes of the development of MELCs?
Answer: The Department of Education’s Bureau of Curriculum Development developed
MELCs to cope with the drastic change in the educational atmosphere due to COVID-AP
pandemic. The focus of instruction was streamlined to the most essential or the most

LDM2 MODULE 2-Xyla Joy A. Perez

 indispensable learning competencies. MELCs can be used as a mechanism to ensure
educational continuity.
2. How does curriculum review aid in the identification of essential learning competencies?
Answer: Curriculum review mapped the essential and desirable learning competencies within
the curriculum. It also led to the identification of gaps, issues, and concerns within and across
learning areas and grade levels. It helped in the identification of areas for improvement that
would enhance the learning engagement, experience, and outcomes and consequently
recommend solutions.
3. What is the difference between essential learning competencies and desirable learning
competencies?
Answer: Essential learning competencies involves students advance upon achieving mastery.
Competencies include explicit, measurable, transferable learning objective that empower
students. Desirable learning competencies include the cognitive skills of critical thinking,
problem solving, knowledge application, and creativity
4. How were the most essential learning competencies identified? What were the decisions made
in order to trim down the number of the essential learning competencies further?
Answer: Learning competencies are identified by knowing the following characteristics: It is
applicable to real-life situations; It would be important for students to acquire the competency
after s/he left that particular grade level; It is aligned with national, state, and/or local
standards/ frameworks; It would not be expected that most students would learn this through
their parents/communities if not taught at school; It connects the content to higher concepts
across content areas.

5. What is the importance of the MELCs in ensuring the delivery of quality instruction?
Answer: MELCs serves as a teacher guide in preparing our lesson and instructional materials;
It ensures delivery of quality instruction as it becomes the primary reference in determining
and implementing learning delivery approaches that are suited to the local context and
diversity of learners while adapting to the challenges posed by COVID-19.

Activity 3
Prepare a copy of your learning area’s original K-12 Curriculum Guide and corresponding list of
MELCs.
Go to the sections of the curriculum guide and MELCs that are relevant to your instructional needs.
Copy and accomplish the following table in your Study Notebook and compare the two documents to
determine which learning competencies were retained, dropped, or merged.

K TO 12 LEARNING
MELC
COMPETENCIES

LDM2 MODULE 2-Xyla Joy A. Perez

 1. represents and explains
performs a series of
Multiplication, Division,
two or more operations
Addition, Subtraction
applying
(MDAS) correctly. M4NS-
MERGED Multiplication,
Ii61.1
Division, Addition,
2. performs a series of two or
Subtraction (MDAS)
more operations. M4NS-
correctly.
Ij62.1
describes and draws
describes and illustrates parallel,
parallel, intersecting,
intersecting, and perpendicular
DROPPED/REPHRASED and perpendicular
lines.
lines using ruler and
M4GEIIIa-12.2
set square. Q3,W1
solves multi-step
routine and non-
solves multi-step routine and non-
routine problems
routine problems involving
involving
multiplication and addition or
multiplication and
RETAINED subtraction using appropriate
addition or subtraction
problem-solving strategies and
using appropriate
tools.
problem-solving
M4NS-Ie45.5
strategies and tools.
Q1,W5-M4NS-Ie-45.5

Activity 4
In your LAC Session, discuss and share your answers to Activities 1-3 in this lesson. Discuss any
questions about the MELCs that need clarification as well. Share your thoughts and let your co-
teachers articulate their insights regarding your questions. Jot down all the insights shared in the
discussion, including your own, in your Study Notebook.

LESSON 2: UNPACKING AND COMBINING MELCS

INTO LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Activity 1
Familiarize yourself with the course reading on Unpacking and Combining the MELCs. After reading
the document, provide a brief and concise response to the following guide questions in your Study
Notebook:
1. What is the importance of unpacking and combining the MELCs?
Answer: We need to unpacked MELCs to help us systematize learning activities and
effectively address the varying needs of learners and the challenges of instructional deliveries.
2. What considerations must be taken in unpacking and combining the MELCs? Explain each.
Answer:

LDM2 MODULE 2-Xyla Joy A. Perez

  Alignment on the Content and Performance Standards- The MELCs are not a
departure from the standard based design. We must consider this to achieve a quality
teaching output.
 Prerequisite knowledge and Skills- curriculum objective must be hierarchy.
Mastering fundamental knowledge Is a must before going to the other level of
learning.
 Logical Sequence of Learning Objectives- We can’t give a better learning idea to our
students if our objective is not logical in sequence. Planning what are the most
important objective is the key frame in achieving better understanding of our learners.
3. Do all the MELCs need to be unpacked or combined? Why or why not?
Answer: The teacher may unpack or combined the MELCS depends on the sequence of the
lesson, the progress and needs of learners as long as the content and standard will be
achieved.

Activity 2
Form a group of four members within your LAC, preferably with fellow teachers in your respective
learning area. 2. Using the curriculum guide and a list of the MELCs, choose MELCs in the first
quarter and unpack these into learning objectives. 3. Each team will present their unpacked learning
objectives. Discussion and processing will follow each presentation. Suggestions and insights from
each group will be considered in enhancing the learning objectives.
Repeat the above process but instead of unpacking, each team will now combine at least two MELCs
of their choice. Group deliberation will be observed in order to arrive at a consensus. Discuss and jot
down the synthesis of the presentations in your Study Notebook.

UNPACKING OF MELC

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Solves routine and nonroutine problems 1. solves routine and nonroutine problems
involving two or more operations using involving multiplication of whole
appropriate problem-solving strategies and numbers including money using
tools. appropriate problem-solving strategies
and tools.
2. solves multi-step routine and non-
routine problems involving
multiplication and addition or
subtraction using appropriate problem-
solving strategies and tools.
3. solves routine and non-routine problems
involving division of 3- to 4-digit
numbers by 1- to 2-digit numbers
including money using appropriate
problem-solving strategies and tools.

Divides 2-4 digit numbers with and 1. divides 3- to 4-digit numbers by 1-to 2-
without remainder using appropriate digit numbers without and with
strategies. remainder.
2. divides 3- to 4-digit numbers by tens or

LDM2 MODULE 2-Xyla Joy A. Perez

 hundreds or by 1 000 without and with
remainder.
3. divides mentally 2- to 3-digit numbers
by 1-digit numbers without remainder
using appropriate strategies.
Differentiate the duration of time in 1. finds the elapsed time in minutes and
minutes and solves problems involving seconds.
elapsed time. 2. estimates the duration of time in
minutes.
3. solves problems involving elapsed time.

Activity 3
Submit your Activity 2 Outputs to your LAC Leader. Make sure to keep a copy of your outputs.

LDM2 MODULE 2-Xyla Joy A. Perez