Governor Julian Fullon Pacificador National School

Funda, Hamtic, Antique

CREATIVE NONFICTION
2nd Semester, School Year 2020-2021

The Writing Process

What is writing?

Writing perennially involves the utilization of printed symbols of a language that form and carry meaningful verbal messages.
It is a communicative skill categorized as “productive/expressive skill” similar to speaking since both involve the production of messages using linguistic and non
linguistic symbols.
Not everyone knows how to write. Thus, this provides a perception that writing is not an acquired type of skill, unlike listening and speaking.

Features of Writing
1. It is planned. Writing is not done in an instant. The writer should consider preparatory activities.
2. It is permanent. Written messages are permanent; they remain and last across time. Most writers are immortalized because of their written works.
3. It is purposive. It serves for various purposes like to inform, instruct, convince, entertain, or express one’s beliefs just to name a few.
4. It is highly organized and systematic. Effective writing follows a pattern and requires organization and structure to ensure unity of thought and ideas
as well as coherence or logical arrangement and effective transition between and among its parts.
5. It is process-oriented. Writing follows certain stages. Writing is not instantaneous; it undergoes development series before obtaining its product. It
includes pre-writing, during writing, and post writing stages.
6. It is perennially rule-governed. The accuracy of its form, structure, and mechanics is an imperative. Aspects involving orthography, capitalization,
punctuation, sentence structure, paragraphing, unity, coherence, etc. must be carefully monitored and checked.

Writing an essay takes time. That’s why writing is often referred to as a process. In other
words, there are several steps to go through before you have a complete essay ready to
turn in for a grade.

● Pre-Writing
● Organizing
● Drafting
● Revising and Editing
● Handing in a Final Copy

1. Pre-Writing
Pre-writing literally means, “before writing.” Before you actually begin writing your essay, you will need to do the following things:
 choose a topic to write on
 brainstorm or generate ideas for your topic
 focus in on central ideas
2. Organizing
Making an outline can help you organize what you want to write. This is a rough plan for your essay and can help make the process of writing much
easier.
Sample Outline
Thesis:_________________
I. Introduction

II. Body
Topic Sentence 1:___________
Supporting Idea:____________
Supporting Idea: ___________
Topic Sentence 2:___________
Supporting Idea:____________
Supporting Idea: ___________
Topic Sentence 3:___________
Supporting Idea:____________
Supporting Idea: ___________

III. Conclusion
3. Drafting
After getting ideas and making an outline of your essay, it is time to start writing the essay. When you begin writing your rough draft, try to remember
the following guidelines.
 Don’t worry about writing the ‘perfect’ paper the first time.
 Your goal in writing a rough draft is to develop and support the ideas listed in your outline.
 Don’t focus on spelling and grammar as you write your rough draft. You can check this later in the writing process.
4. Revising and Editing
After you write your first draft, go back over it and look for ways to improve your essay in content and organization. This step is called revision. After
you revise for content and organization, begin editing your draft for spelling, grammar, punctuation, and sentence structure errors.
Revise for Content and Organization; Editing for Mechanics -Spelling, Grammar, Punctuation, and,etc.
5. The Final Copy
The last step is turning in your essay to be graded. Look at the sample guidelines below for turning in the final draft of your articles/essay.
o word-processed
o all new paragraphs indented five spaces
o ½ by 11 inch white paper
o double spaced, size 12 font
o one inch margins on all side

References: PowerPoint Presentation by Ruth Luman: Modesto Junior College. Reid, J.(1993). Teaching ESL Writing. New Jersey Prentice Hall Regents.
RHETORICAL APPROACH TO WRIITNG

Rhetorical Approach to writing primarily considers and understands texts as acts of communication. This mainly involves two
important aspects such as the rhetorical situation and the rhetorical mode.

Rhetorical Situation pertains to the position of writing considering the elements or factors affecting the content and comprehension of
words. These factors include the writer, reasons for writing, audience, topic, and context.

Writer- plays a vital as regards to the rhetorical situation since decisions as to what may appear or transpire on paper heavily depend
on him/her.
Audience/Participant/s- an individual or group of individuals to whom one writes. Content, the level of language, and style must be
eyed carefully to make the work relevant and appealing to the target readers.
Purposes- The creation of various written products is governed by numerous reasons or purposes. To educate, to amuse, to call to
action, etc. are examples of reasons or purposes for writing.
Topic- this pertains to the subject of the writing; it can be extensive or specific.
Context- it is simply the situation that manipulates the demands to generate a written output. All the elements above are influenced
and affected by events, location, social norms, and cultural dynamism.

Rhetorical Mode is also ascribed to as the mode of discourse. Various rhetorical modes are influenced by how pieces of information
are processed by the human brain. The rhetorical modes include the ones listed below:

1. Narration- recounts and tells real or fictional events or experiences; presents details of happenings.
2. Description- characterizes or illustrates by providing details to activate the senses of the readers.
3. Exemplification- provides examples or series of examples to illustrate the main idea.
4. Process Analysis- focuses on how something is done, functions or works
5. Definition- defines a subject comprehensively and thoroughly.
6. Comparison and Contrast- to present similarities and differences of subjects
7. Argumentation- discusses and elucidates an issue considering both sides to provide bases for making judgments or choices.
8. Cause and Effect- looks at the reasons and consequences of an action, decision, or event.