1.

What is a law enforcement tool that allows personnel to represent crimes visually on map or grind of a
region?
2. It is an application that links database software to graphics software to create visual images of various types
of data in map format.
3. It is a visual representation of the crimes that take place in a neighbourhood?
4. It is a unique tool for analysing physical space and conveying perspective.
5. Crime mapping can be traced back to the early ______, when social theorists began to create maps to
illustrate there theories and research about crime.
6. _____, were initially used to examine issues like poverty or demographic characteristics and crime.
7. One of the first police departments to use mapping was new york city in the _____?
8. Year? Social theorists single symbol point and graduated are maps?
9. New york City Police Department and others. Single symbol point maps, _____
10. Urban sociologists at the university of Chicago: graduated area maps of crime and delinquency (year)
11. First computer generated maps of crime? (year)
12. Desktop computers available for mapping, but with limited quality, (year)
13. Desktop GIS and integration with law enforcement systems and data government funding. (year)
14. Environmental Criminology theory? (year)
15. Federal programs such as the crime mapping research centre (national institute of justice) and the crime
mapping and analysis program (national institute of justice, national law enforcement and corrections
technology center) were established. As part of the 1 billion ____ _____ _____ ______ (____) program, from
fiscal years 1995-1998 and in fiscal year 2001,
16. In this year they began to examine the spatial characteristics of crime as well as how location characteristics
introduction to crime analysis mapping 18 might contribute to criminal activity at particular locations over
others.
17. the _____ office provided funds to law enforcement agencies to acquire crime mapping software and
hardware.
18. Although different pins could be used to represent different types of crime, date and time of incidents, the
nature of incidents, and other information cannot be displayed easily.
19. The purpose of this software and hardware was to enhance community policing activities through time
savings and increased officer effectiveness.
20. Although useful, manual wall maps, offer limited utility because they are difficult to keep updated, keep
accurate, make easy to read, and can only display limited amount of data.
21. Since _____, the police foundation’s crime mapping laboratory has been funded by COPS to assist police
agencies in incorporating crime mapping into their practices.
22. Wall maps have long been a simple and useful way to depict crime incidents or hot spots. Many police
departments still have large maps tacked to the wall of the briefing room with the most recent crimes
represented by pins.
23. An internet mapping program, where an address is entered and a map of the surrounding area appears with
a pin to locate the address?
24. In order to update a manual wall map, for example, the pins must be removed each month. Unless a photo
or some other mechanism is used to record the previous month’s map, the information illustrated on the
map is lost.
25. The process of using a geographic information system in combination with crime analysis techniques to
focus on the spatial context of criminal and other law enforcement activity.
26. Is a set of computer-based tools that allow a person to modify, visualize , query, and analyse geographic and
tabular data.
27. Comparison is difficult, if not impossible, from one month to the next.
28. Is a term that has been used for the past few years to refer to research analysis using GIS in a law
enforcement setting.
29. Is a powerful software tool that allows the user to create anything from a simple point map to a three-
dimensional visualization of spatial or temporal data.
30. This term is used to describe this process because using a GIS to analyse crime is not just the act of placing
incidents on a map but also of analysis.
31. The maps become unreadable when they display large amounts of data because of the numerous pins and/
or tables.
32. It is a discrete location that is usually depicted by a symbol or label.
33. It is a geographic feature that can be represented by a line or set of lines.
34. It is analogous to a pin placed on a paper wall map.
35. This map shows different types of geographic features such as railways, streets, and rivers can be
represented by a line in a GIS.
36. Different symbols are used to depict the location of crimes, motor vehicle accidents, traffic signs, buildings,
beat sections, and cell phone towers.
37. Examples are streams, streets, power lines, bus routes, student pathways, and lines depicting distance from
stolen to a recovered vehicle.
38. Robbery point map.
39. It can represent areas as large as continents and as small as buildings.
40. This multisided figure represented by a closed set of lines.
41. It is vertical photo taken from a satellite
42. The largest blue polygon represents the city boundary, the green are census tracks, and the black are census
block groups.
43. A plane that is digitized and placed within the geographic information system coordinate system so that
there are –x and –y coordinates associated with it.
44. It is used in law enforcement would be patrol areas, beats, neighbourhoods, or jurisdictions.
45. that details of the streets, buildings, and environmental features such as landscaping are visible
46. (just the image)
47. (the image combined with geometric qualities of the map).
48. _________ are located within the geographic information system, they can be viewed with other layers such
as street or parcel information.
49. Each type of feature has “_______” or a table of data that describe it.
50. The following image depicts a _____ _________ with the corresponding street network and parcel
boundaries.
51. All the attributes for three of the four types of features _____, ______, _______ are stored in a GIS as a data
table (Note that a _____ __________has an –x and –y coordinate but does not have an associated data table
worthy of analysis).
52. The ability to view, query, relate, and manipulate data behind these features is the true power of a ____
53. A _____ ____ _____ and a ________ _____ depict points, lines, and polygons but do not have data
associated with the features and are not easily manipulated.
54. The primary advantage of a GIS is its functionality that allows geographic data to be __________.
55. - refers to streets and other linear features that are represented by segments that connect at intersections.
56. Although these numbers may not make sense at first glance, they are an integral part of the GIS reference
system, as every feature in a GIS has at least one –x and –y coordinate.
57. refers to adjacent areas that are represented by adjacent polygons.
58. refers to the fact that all features in the geographic information system have at least one set of –x and –y
coordinates.
59. For a point, the ___ and ____ feature is the center of the point.
60. For a line segment or a polygon, the –x and –y _______ is at the center of that particular line segment or
polygon.
61. Having an –x and –y coordinate for map features, especially points, is important because the location is more
_____ and there is no need for geocoding.
62. In a geographic information system, the data are separated by type of feature into what are called “layers”
or “themes” as well as by type of data.
63. point data of crime and calls for service would not be contained in the same layer or theme because these
data come from ___ ____ _____. This is a _____ ______ to organizing data.
64. It is the relationship between the dimensions of the map and the dimensions of the Earth.
65. This component allows the data to be analyzed and visualized separately or together.
66. Thus, when more than one layer is viewed in the GIS, they are stacked, similar to a stack of _________.
67. In a GIS, how the layers are stacked is important since some layers are ______ and hide others. For example,
_________ are opaque and if placed on top will cover any layers underneath.
68. It depends on the purpose of the analysis or map.
69. The appropriate _____ depends on both the purpose of the map and the type of data that are displayed. For
example, it would be impossible to view orthophotographs like the one above for the entire United States at
one time. The GIS allows the user to set the scale at which____________ are viewed (e.g., ½ mile or 1 mile).
That way, the orthophotographs only become activated when the map is at that scale.
70. It can be created to select features both in the data and on the map?
71. enable map features to be queried based on their location on the map or their location relative to other
features
72. one can construct a query to select emergency calls for service (priority 0) from tabular calls for service data.
73. . A very simple example is drawing a one-mile buffer around a school to select the crimes that have occurred
within a mile of the school.
74. one can select a feature of a map based on its relationship to another feature? True or false?