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ALSTOM CT Calculation Guide

This document discusses current transformer requirements for various protection applications in a MiCOM P544 or P546 relay. It recommends using class X or 5P current transformers and provides formulas to calculate the minimum required knee point voltage of the CTs. It also provides dimensioning factors and calculations for determining CT requirements for current differential protection, distance protection zone 1 reach point accuracy, and zone 1 close-up fault operation.

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Yogesh Patil
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733 views2 pages

ALSTOM CT Calculation Guide

This document discusses current transformer requirements for various protection applications in a MiCOM P544 or P546 relay. It recommends using class X or 5P current transformers and provides formulas to calculate the minimum required knee point voltage of the CTs. It also provides dimensioning factors and calculations for determining CT requirements for current differential protection, distance protection zone 1 reach point accuracy, and zone 1 close-up fault operation.

Uploaded by

Yogesh Patil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MiCOM P544, P546 8 Application Examples

7 CURRENT TRANSFORMER (CT) REQUIREMENTS

7.1 Recommended CT Classes (British and IEC)


Class X current transformers with a knee point voltage greater or equal than that calculated can be
used.
Class 5P protection CTs can be used, noting that the knee point voltage equivalent these offer can be
approximated from:
Vk = (VA x ALF)/In + (RCT x ALF x In)
Where:
VA = Voltampere burden rating
ALF = Accuracy limit factor
In = CT nominal secondary current

7.2 Current Differential Requirements


For accuracy, class X or class 5P Current Transformers (CTs) are strongly recommended. The knee
point voltage of the CTs should comply with the minimum requirements of the formulae shown below.
Vk t K*In*(Rct + 2*RL)
Where:
Vk = Required IEC knee point voltage
K = Dimensioning factor
In = CT nominal secondary current
Rct= CT resistance
RL = One-way lead impedance from CT to relay
K is a constant depending on:
If = Maximum value of through fault current for stability (multiple of In)
X/R= Primary system X/R ratio

K is determined as follows:

OBSOLETE
1. Transient Bias = Disabled
For IEDs set at Is1 = 20%, Is2 = 2 In, k1 = 30%, k2 = 150%:
K must be the highest of:
K = 40 + (0.07 x (If x X/R))
Or
K = 65
This is valid for (If x X/R) d 1000
For higher (If x X/R) up to 1600:
K = 107
For IEDs set at Is1 = 20%, Is2 = 2 In, k1 = 30%, k2 = 100%:

P544&6/EN/TM/E 8-87
8 Application Examples MiCOM P544, P546

K must be the highest of:


K = 40 + (0.35 x (If x X/R))
Or
K = 65
This is valid for (If x X/R) d 600
For higher (If x X/R) up to 1600:
K = 256

2. Transient Bias = Enabled


For IEDs set at Is1 = 20%, Is2 = 2 In, k1 = 30%, k2 = 150%:
If Two Relay are Connected
K = (1.42*If + 53.7) * (6.06*10-3 *X/R + 0.515)
For IEDs set at Is1 = 20%, Is2 = 2 In, k1 = 30%, k2 = 100%:
K = (7.47*If + 77.8) * (8.19*10-3 *X/R + 0.345) If Three Relays are Connected

This is valid for If d 50 pu and X/R d 80

7.3 Distance Protection CT Requirements:

7.3.1 Zone 1 Reach Point Accuracy (RPA)


Vk t KRPA x IF Z1 x (1+ X/R). (RCT + RL)
Where:
Vk = Required CT knee point voltage (volts)
KRPA = Fixed dimensioning factor = always 0.6
IF Z1 = Max. secondary phase fault current at Zone 1 reach point (A)
X/R = Primary system reactance/resistance ratio
RCT= CT secondary winding resistance (:)
RL = Single lead resistance from CT to relay (:)

7.4 Zone 1 Close-up Fault Operation


An additional calculation must be performed for all cables, and any lines where the source impedance
ratio might be less than SIR = 2.
Vk t Kmax x IF max x (RCT + RL)
Where:
Kmax = Fixed dimensioning factor = always 1.4
IF max = Max. secondary phase fault current (A).
Then, the highest of the two calculated knee points must be used.

Note: It is not necessary to repeat the calculation for earth faults, as the phase reach calculation (3M) is
the worst-case for CT dimensioning.

8-88 P544&6/EN/TM/E

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