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Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology (DUET), Gazipur: Course code:EEE-3502

The document describes an experiment on studying the 555 timer and its operation in Astable mode. The objectives are to familiarize students with the 555 timer IC and its applications in multivibrator circuits. The experiment involves building an Astable multivibrator circuit using a 555 timer IC and measuring its output waveform using an oscilloscope. Key findings are that the output waveform has a duty cycle of approximately 50% and a frequency of 36.94 Hz, matching the theoretical calculations.

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Md. Harun
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47 views10 pages

Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology (DUET), Gazipur: Course code:EEE-3502

The document describes an experiment on studying the 555 timer and its operation in Astable mode. The objectives are to familiarize students with the 555 timer IC and its applications in multivibrator circuits. The experiment involves building an Astable multivibrator circuit using a 555 timer IC and measuring its output waveform using an oscilloscope. Key findings are that the output waveform has a duty cycle of approximately 50% and a frequency of 36.94 Hz, matching the theoretical calculations.

Uploaded by

Md. Harun
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Dhaka University of Engineering &

Technology (DUET),Gazipur

EXPERIMENT NO: 04 DATE OF EXPT: 27/06/21

GROUP NO: DATE OF SUB: 10/07/21

COURSE TITLE: Electronic-2 sessional


Course code:EEE-3502

NAME OF EXPERIMENT: Study of 555 timer and its Astable


operation.

SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY
Dr. Masuma Akter
Professor, Department of EEE
Dhaka University of Engineering &
Technology, Gazipur

Name: Md. Harunur Rashid


Student No: 172018
Department: EEE
Year: 3rd
Semester: 1st
Session: 2019-2020
Experiment No. : 04

Name Of Experiment: Study of 555 timer and its Astable operation.

Objectives:

This experiment will familiarize the students with IC 555 timer and multi vibrator
applications of 555 timer circuits. The student are also observe the output of free
running ramp generator circuit and investigate its operating frequency.

Introduction:

IC 555 timer is a well-known component in the electronic circles but what is


not known to most of the people is the internal circuitry of the IC and the
function of various pins present there in the IC. Let me tell you a fact about
why 555 timer is called so, the timer got its name from the three 5 kilo-ohm
resistor in series employed in the internal circuit of the IC.
IC 555 timer is a one of the most widely used IC in electronics and is used
in various electronic circuits for its robust and stable properties. It works as
square-wave form generator with duty cycle varying from 50% to 100%,
Oscillator and can also provide time delay in circuits.
Fig . Pin diagram and internal circuit diagram of 555 timer.

Theory:

Astable Multi vibrator mode of 555 timer IC is also called Free running
or self-triggering mode. Unlike Monostable Multi vibrator mode it doesn’t
have any stable state, it has two quasi stable state (HIGH and LOW). No
external triggering is required in Astable mode, it automatically
interchange its two states on a particular interval, hence generates a
rectangular waveform. This time duration of HIGH and LOW output has
been determined by the external resistors (R a and Rb) and a capacitor (C).
Astable mode works as a oscillator circuit, in which output oscillate at a
particular frequency and generate pulses in rectangular wave form.
The time period of the ramp waveform is equal to the charging time and is
approximately given by-

T=Vcc*C/3*Ic

Where Ic=(Vcc-VEE)/R=constant current in amperes and C is in farads. Therefore the


free running frequency of the ramp generator is- f 0=3*Ic/Vcc*C.

Fig. Astable operation circuit of 555 timer circuit.

Apparatus required components:

a. IC (555 timer)----- (1)


b. Resistor (2.7K (1), 1M pot--(1))
c. Capacitors (0.05μF(1), 0.01 μF(1),10 μF(1).)
d. Transistor 2N404(1)
e. Diode 1N914(1)
f. Oscilloscope
g. Bread board
h. DC power supply
i. Connecting wire
DATA:

RA=34.55k

RB=4.7k

C=1uF

CALCULATION:

Charging time tc =0.69*RA*C

Discharging time td= 0.69*RB*C

Time period T =0.69*(RA+RB)*C

Frequency f =1.45/(RA+RB)*C=36.94 HZ

DUTY CYCLE=(RA/(RA+RB))*100=88%

Obtained output:
Report:

 1. Draw the output wave-shape of the experiment circuit and compare


with theoretical wave-shape.

Ans: Theoretical wave shape:

Codding for matlab:


clc;
clear all;
close all;
RA=100+34.45e3;
RB=4.7e3;
C=1e-6;
Tc=0.69*RA*C;
Td=0.69*RB*C;
T=0.69*(RA+RB)*C;
DC=(Tc./T)*100;
t=0:0.1:30;
S=square(t,DC);
plot(t,S);

Output wave shape:


Fig. Theoretical wave shape

Duty cycle of theoretical wave shape is 88%.

Frequency of theoretical wave shape is 36.94 Hz.


Experimental Output wave shape:

Fig. Experimental wave shape

Duty cycle of experimental wave shape is approximate 50%.

 2. List important features of the 555 timer.

Ans:

a. Direct replacement for SE556/NE556.


b. Timing from microseconds to hours.
c. Operates in both astable and monostable modes.
d. Replaces two 555 timers.
e. Adjustable duty cycle.
f. Output can source or sink 200mA.
g. Output and supply TTL compatible.
h. Temperature stability better than 0.005% per ˚C
 (3). What are the two basic modes in which the 555 timer operates?

Ans:
1. Astable mode.
2. Monostable mode.

 (4).Briefly explain the difference between the two operating modes of


the 555 timer.
Ans:

Astable mode Monostable mode


1. An Astable Circuit has no stable 1. A Monostable Circuit produces
state - hence the name "astable". one pulse of a set length in
response to a trigger input such
as a push button. The output of
the circuit stays in the low state
until there is a trigger input,
hence the name "monostable"
meaning "one stable state".
2. It is a best example for a perfect 2. The best application of a
square wave generator. monostable is to introduce a time
delay in to a system.
3. They are used as an inverter and 3. Applications comprise many
also used in many of the internal part of things viz., timers, missing pulse
the radio. detection also included bounce free
switches, touch switches as well as
frequency divider, capacitance
measurement and pulse-width
modulation (PWM) and many more.

 (5).What is duty cycle?

Ans: A part of full cycle of square wave where output is high that is called duty
cycle.
 (6).What is the function of diode in this circuit?
Ans:

The diode is used in this circuit to produce square wave whose duty cycle is 50%.

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