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Material Science

The document discusses materials science, describing the main types of materials including metals, ceramics, plastics, semiconductors, and composites. It explains that materials science involves studying how a material's properties are determined by its composition and structure. The field combines various disciplines to solve engineering problems involving materials in a societally and economically responsible way. The document traces how the study and use of materials has progressed throughout human history.

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ELIAN JOSUE FUENTES LOPEZ
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31 views16 pages

Material Science

The document discusses materials science, describing the main types of materials including metals, ceramics, plastics, semiconductors, and composites. It explains that materials science involves studying how a material's properties are determined by its composition and structure. The field combines various disciplines to solve engineering problems involving materials in a societally and economically responsible way. The document traces how the study and use of materials has progressed throughout human history.

Uploaded by

ELIAN JOSUE FUENTES LOPEZ
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Materials Science

What are Materials?


• That’s easy! Look around.
• Our clothes are made of materials, our
homes are made of materials - mostly
manufactured. Glass windows, vinyl
siding, metal silverware, ceramic dishes…
• Most things are made from many different
kinds of materials.
Kinds of Materials
• Metals: are materials that are normally
combinations of "metallic elements". Metals
usually are good conductors of heat and
electricity. Also, they are quite strong but
malleable and tend to have a lustrous look when
polished.
• Ceramics: are generally compounds between
metallic and nonmetallic elements. Typically they
are insulating and resistant to high temperatures
and harsh environments. (MSECRC, 2006)
Kinds of Materials
• Plastics: (or polymers) are generally organic
compounds based upon carbon and hydrogen.
They are very large molecular structures.
Usually they are low density and are not stable
at high temperatures.
• Semiconductors: have electrical properties
intermediate between metallic conductors and
ceramic insulators. Also, the electrical properties
are strongly dependent upon small amounts of
impurities. (MSECRC, 2006)
Kinds of Materials
• Composites: consist of more than one
material type. Fiberglass, a combination of
glass and a polymer, is an example.
Concrete and plywood are other familiar
composites. Many new combinations
include ceramic fibers in metal or polymer
matrix. (MSECRC, 2006)
Newer Branches of Materials
Science
• Nanotechnology: a relatively new area grown
out of techniques used to manufacture
semiconductor circuits. Machines can be
produced on a microscopic level. Example -
miniature robots to do surgery inside the body or
miniature chemical laboratories and instruments
that will continuously analyze blood and
dispense medications inside the body. (VCSU, 2006)
Materials Science
• Defined as the study of the properties of
solid materials and how those properties
are determined by a material’s
composition and structure. (VCSU, 2006)
Materials Science
• Example - the dramatic role of iron throughout
the ages is not really the result of it being
"strong". In reality, iron has been important
because we can change its properties by
heating and cooling it.
• The ability to change the properties and/or
behavior of a material is what makes most
materials useful and this is at the heart of
materials science! (MSECRC, 2006)
Materials Science and
Engineering
• An interdisciplinary study that combines
metallurgy, physics, chemistry, and
engineering to solve real-world problems
with real-world materials in an acceptable
societal and economical manner. (VCSU, 2006)
Materials Science and
Engineering
• The following elements and their
interaction define Materials Science and
Engineering:
– Performance
– Properties
– Structure and composition
– Synthesis and processing (VCSU, 2006)
Materials Science and
Engineering
• The engineering of fantastic new materials
is not a given, but a natural outgrowth. It
is here that science and engineering
almost touch. (VCSU, 2006)
Materials Testing
• Materials testing is a much narrower field
than materials science or engineering.
• It is determining the strength of certain
materials.
• It is mostly used to determine safety. Ex.
concrete samples are tested.
• It is not used to design new materials to be
used in new applications. (VCSU, 2006)
History of Materials
• Even our history has been defined by the
materials we use…
• The stone age
• The copper age
• The bronze age
• The iron age
• What would be a good material name for today?
• (MSECRC, 2006)
History of Materials
• Man has been studying materials since
before leaving the cave.
• Due to lack of communication, early man
spent hundreds of millennia experimenting
with stone tools.
• The first metal tools appeared perhaps
only six thousand years ago.
History of Materials
• The discovery of “Iceman” in the Alps in
1991 gave significant information on early
Copper age. He was carrying a copper
axe.
• It is dated at about 5300 years, when the
first pyramids were built.
History of Materials
• As our knowledge of materials grows, so
does the sophistication of our tools.
• The more sophisticated our tools, the
more sophisticated our accomplishments.

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