Scribd
Upload
104 views8 pages

Explain Following Operations On Lathe With Suitable Sketch

The document discusses various mechanical engineering operations including: 1. Turning, knurling, facing, and thread cutting operations on a lathe and their processes. 2. Form milling, angular milling, and gang milling operations on a milling machine and how they are performed. 3. The differences between open loop and closed loop control systems for CNC machines. 4. Definitions of robots and their common industrial applications like material handling, processing, assembly, and inspection.

Uploaded by

rajath
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
104 views8 pages

Explain Following Operations On Lathe With Suitable Sketch

The document discusses various mechanical engineering operations including: 1. Turning, knurling, facing, and thread cutting operations on a lathe and their processes. 2. Form milling, angular milling, and gang milling operations on a milling machine and how they are performed. 3. The differences between open loop and closed loop control systems for CNC machines. 4. Definitions of robots and their common industrial applications like material handling, processing, assembly, and inspection.

Uploaded by

rajath
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

Elements of mechanical Engineering

1. Explain following operations on lathe with suitable sketch.


i. Turning:
ii. Knurling:
iii. Faling:
iv. Thread cutting:

Ans:
i. Turning:

Cylindrical turning is a lathe operation used to remove excess material from the work
piece and to produce a cylindrical surface of desired dimension.
Using the cross slide, the cutting tool is first adjusted for the desired depth of cut.
As the work piece revolves the tool is fed against the work piece in a direction parallel
to the axis of the spindle.

ii. Knurling:

Knurling is the process of embossing a diamond shaped pattern on the surface of the
work piece by the use of revolving hardened steel wheels pressed against the work.
Knurling is done to provide grip on handles, screw heads and other cylindrical parts to be
gripped by hand.
iii. Facing:

Facing is the operation used to produce a flat surface normal to the rotational axis of
the spindle.

During facing, the carriage is locked to the lathe bed to prevent its movement.

Using the cross slide, the tool is fed at right angles to the axis of the work piece.

iv. Thread cutting:

The principle of thread cutting on a lathe is to produce a helical groove on a revolving


cylindrical surface by feeding the tool longitudinally.
A single point cutting tool of the desired profile is mounted on the tool post. To make a
cut, the carriage is connected to the rotating lead screw.
The depth of cut is adjusted with compound rest hand wheel and graduated dial.
Successive cuts are continued until the thread reaches its correct depth.
2. Explain the following operations on Milling Machine with suitable sketches:
i. Form Milling: ii. Angular Milling: iii. Gang Milling

Ans:

Form milling:

Form milling is an operation of generating specific forms such as semicircular grooves,


hemispherical cavities, concave or convex slots, etc on work pieces.

This is carried out by using a form milling cutter or an end milling cutter with the specific form on it.

Angular Milling:

 It is a process of producing V-grooves of desired angle.


 It is accomplished by using a single or double angle cutter.
 A single angle cutter consists of teeth inclined to the axis on one conical surface and is used
for cutting chambers.
 A double angle cutter consists of teeth on two conical surfaces and is used
Gang Milling:

 It is a process of machining several surfaces of a work piece simultaneously at one pass of it.
 Two or more cutters are used on the same arbor to produce the desired shape as shown in
the figure.
 It saves machining time to a great extent.

3. Differentiate between open loop and closed loop system.


Ans: Open loop system:

 The system does not use feedback signals to indicate the table position to the controller unit.
 An open-loop system uses stepping motors.
 The stepping motor is driven by a series of electrical pulses generated by the MCU
 The stepper motor drives the lead screw which gives movement to the table
 The system does not use feedback signals and hence in this system it is not possible to monitor
table position
 Hence inaccuracy may takes place in this system

Closed loop system:


 The system uses feedback signals to indicate the table position to the controller unit.
 Closed-loop systems uses DC servo motors , Sensors, comparator and DC servomotor
 Sensor, which is used to monitor the output
 Comparator which compares the input signal with feedback signal
 If there is an error, the system monitors DC motor
 The system uses feedback signals and hence in this system it is possible to monitor table
position
 Hence accurate machining takes place in this system.

4. Define robot. Write its industrial applications.


Ans:
 Robots are devices that are programmed to move parts, or to do work with a tool.
 The robot can be programmed to perform sequence of mechanical motions, and it can
repeat that motion sequence over the over until programmed to perform some other job.
 An industrial robot is a general purpose programmable machine that possesses certain
anthropomorphic features
 The most apparent anthropomorphic feature of an industrial robot is its mechanical arm, or
manipulator
 Robots are typically used as substitutes for human workers in these tasks

Industrial Applications of Robot:


1. Material-handling applications: It includes part placement, machine loading and unloading.
2. Processing Operations: The application include spot welding, arc welding, riveting, spray
painting, machining, metal cutting, debarring, polishing.
3. Assembly Applications: Involve part-handling manipulations of a special tools and other
automatic tasks and operations.
4. Inspection Operations: Involve the robot to manipulate a device or sensor to perform the
inspection.

5. Explain the components of CNC with a block diagram.


Ans :
 Computer Numerical Control (CNC)
 CNC is a NC system that utilizes a dedicated, stored program computer to perform
some or all of the basic numerical control functions.
 A typical CNC system uses a minicomputer as the controller unit.
 It is expected that in future generations of computer numerical control,
microcomputers will become predominant.

6. Draw a neat sketch of engine lathe and label its components.

7. Explain the following with sketches


i. Up and Down milling : ii. Face Milling :
Ans: Up Milling:

The milling cutter is attached to a horizontal rotating shaft known as arbor.


The work piece which clamped on the table is fed in the opposite direction of the milling cutter.
In up-milling, the chip thickness varies from a minimum at the tooth entrance to a maximum at the
tooth exit.
The forces produced by the cutting tool tend lift the work piece up from the table.
Hence conventional milling process requires heavy work holding devices.
Up milling leads to poor surface finish, due to vibrations developed by cutting forces of the cutter.
Down Milling:

In down milling, the metal is removed by the rotating cutter fed in the direction of movement of the
workpiece

In down milling, the chip thickness varies from a maximum near the tooth entrance to a minimum
near the tooth exit.

Thus the cutting tooth is subjected to a maximum load from the very beginning.

Hence the down milling process doesn't require heavier work holding devices

This type of milling produces higher surface finish compared to up milling.

8. Define a Robot and list the classification of robot based on physical configuration.
Ans:
Robots are devices that are programmed to move parts, or to do work with a tool.
Industrial robots come in a variety of shapes and sizes. They are capable of various arm
manipulations and they possess different motion systems.

Based on physical configuration:


1. Cartesian configuration
2. Cylindrical configuration
3. Polar/Spherical configuration
4. Jointed-arm/Revolve configuration

9. Write a note on CNC machine centers and CNC Turning center:

Ans: CNC MACHINING CENTERS:

 CNC machining center can be defined as a sophisticated CNC machine tool


 CNC machining center performs multiple machining operations like drilling, milling and
lathe operations by using a variety of tools with Automatic Tool Changer (ATC) unit
 CNC machining centers are usually designed with features to reduce non productive
time.
 The features are:
 ATC (Automatic Tool Changer)
 Automatic work part positioner
 CNC Servo System
 Feedback System

CNC Turning Centers:

 CNC lathes are widely used in making components with axi-symmetric geometry.
 These are generally machined with 2-axis control. [ X and Z axes]
 Some CNC lathes have an additional Y-axis.
 AC servomotors drive the X and Z axis
 Sliding doors with bulletproof glass windows are provided for safety and visibility of the
machining zone
 Hydraulic chucks are provided for clamping the workpieces.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy