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Chapter 9. One-Sample Hypothesis Tests Nguyen Thi Thu Van (This Version Is Dated On 21 Aug, 2021)

This document summarizes one-sample hypothesis tests for means and proportions. It outlines the test statistics and methods used depending on whether the population variance is known or unknown. For means with known variance, the z-test is used. For unknown variance and a sample size of 30 or more, the z-test is used. For unknown variance and a sample size of less than 30, the t-test is used. Decision making can be done using rejection regions, p-values, or confidence intervals. Tests for proportions use the normal approximation and calculate a z-statistic. Notations indicate whether the test is one-sided or two-tailed.

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52 views1 page

Chapter 9. One-Sample Hypothesis Tests Nguyen Thi Thu Van (This Version Is Dated On 21 Aug, 2021)

This document summarizes one-sample hypothesis tests for means and proportions. It outlines the test statistics and methods used depending on whether the population variance is known or unknown. For means with known variance, the z-test is used. For unknown variance and a sample size of 30 or more, the z-test is used. For unknown variance and a sample size of less than 30, the t-test is used. Decision making can be done using rejection regions, p-values, or confidence intervals. Tests for proportions use the normal approximation and calculate a z-statistic. Notations indicate whether the test is one-sided or two-tailed.

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Chapter 9.

One-sample hypothesis tests Nguyen Thi Thu Van [This version is dated on 21 Aug, 2021]

One-sample Test a mean if population variance Test a mean if population variance is unknow
hypothesis tests for is known
mean 𝑛 ≥ 30 𝑛 < 30
𝐻0 : 𝜇 = 𝜇0 𝑥̅ − 𝜇0 𝑥̅ − 𝜇0 𝑥̅ − 𝜇0
𝑧𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐 = 𝜎 𝑧𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐 = 𝑠 𝑡𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐 = 𝑠
vs. 𝐻1 : 𝜇 ≠ 𝜇0
√𝑛 √𝑛 √𝑛
There are three methods for making decision: (1) Reject region/critical value (2) 𝑝 −value (3) Confidence interval
Rejection region Use Excel for two-tailed test. Two-tailed test: 𝑡𝛼/2 ≡ 𝑇. 𝐼𝑁𝑉. 2𝑇(𝛼, 𝑑𝑓)
But note that, left-tailed test: 𝑁𝑂𝑅𝑀. 𝑆. 𝐼𝑁𝑉(𝛼) at 𝛼 level and 𝑑𝑓 = 𝑛 − 1
Or look up in Table C Or look up in Table D
𝒑 −value Two-tailed test: 2 × 𝑃(𝑍 ≥ |𝑧|) 𝑝 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 ≡ 𝑇. 𝐷𝐼𝑆𝑇. 2𝑇(|𝑡|, 𝑑𝑓)
Also, remember that left-tailed test: 𝑃(𝑍 < 𝑧) ≡ 𝑁𝑂𝑅𝑀. 𝑆. 𝐷𝐼𝑆𝑇(𝑧, 1)
Right-tailed test: 𝑃(𝑍 ≥ 𝑧) ≡ 1 − 𝑁𝑂𝑅𝑀. 𝑆. 𝐷𝐼𝑆𝑇(𝑧, 1)
Confidence interval 𝜎 𝑠 𝑠
𝑥̅ ± 𝑧𝛼 𝑥̅ ± 𝑧𝛼 𝑥̅ ± 𝑡𝛼
2 √𝑛 2 √𝑛 2 √𝑛
Remember that 𝑧𝛼/2 ≡ 𝑁𝑂𝑅𝑀. 𝑆. 𝐼𝑁𝑉(𝛼) Remember also that left tailed test 𝑡𝛼 ≡ 𝑇. 𝐼𝑁𝑉(𝛼, 𝑑𝑓 )
Tests for proportion Apply the center limit theorem using a rule of thumb 𝑛𝜋0 ≥ 10 ; 𝑛(1 − 𝜋0 ) ≥ 10
𝑝−𝜋0 𝑝−𝜋0
𝐻0 : 𝜋 = 𝜋0 𝑧= = ; 𝑝 −value ≡ [1 − 𝑁𝑂𝑅𝑀. 𝑆. 𝐷𝐼𝑆𝑇(|𝑧|,1)] × 2
𝜎𝑝 𝜋0 (1−𝜋0)
√
vs. 𝐻1 : 𝜋 ≠ 𝜋0 𝑛

Notations Two-tailed test: we use the notations 𝑧𝛼/2 and 𝑡𝛼/2


One-sided test: we use the notations 𝑧𝛼 and 𝑡𝛼

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