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Space Frame System

Space frames are 3D truss structures made of interconnected triangles that can span long distances and take on varied shapes. They were pioneered in the early 1900s but were popularized by Buckminster Fuller in his geodesic dome designs. Space frames derive their strength from triangular geometry, allowing them to support large loads without internal columns. They provide benefits like light weight, wide spans, and integrated mechanical systems. Common applications include industrial buildings, where space frames allow for column-free interiors and fast, economical construction.

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87 views21 pages

Space Frame System

Space frames are 3D truss structures made of interconnected triangles that can span long distances and take on varied shapes. They were pioneered in the early 1900s but were popularized by Buckminster Fuller in his geodesic dome designs. Space frames derive their strength from triangular geometry, allowing them to support large loads without internal columns. They provide benefits like light weight, wide spans, and integrated mechanical systems. Common applications include industrial buildings, where space frames allow for column-free interiors and fast, economical construction.

Uploaded by

Denzel Ng
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SPACE FRAME

Adrian R. Toisa
CONTENTS - SPACE FRAME

Intended Learning Outcome Node connection

History Slope glazing and grid shapes

Fit for climbing Frame form types

General Industrial application & benefits

Notes

Support types

Common patterns

Module selection and characteristics

Member shapes
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOME - SPACE FRAME

Define and explain the space frame truss system.

Identify and explain the support types, common patterns, modules, member
shapes, connections, and form types of a space frame truss system.

Apply the space frame system in architectural design with respect to the
natural and built environment.
HISTORY - SPACE FRAME

The space frame is defined by its reliance on the


inherent structural strength of the equilateral
triangle. The space frame was designed in the
1900s by Alexander Graham Bell, but was not
fully realized until Richard Buckminster Fuller
later used it to construct his geodesic domes.

Fig. Alexander Graham Bell

Fig. Buckminister Fuller


FIT FOR CLIMBING - SPACE FRAME

Built entirely out of triangles, a seeming infinite


number of children can play at the top of this
structure without it bending or breaking. Other
children's jungle gyms have you supported by
bars connected directly to the ground, yet this
structure seems to magically stand with no
internal support. This is the power of triangular
design in architecture.
The strength of the climberdome (the
name of the playground structure) was
utilized to massive levels in architecture
through the development of the space
frame, which takes advantage of the
geometric stability of the triangle to form
structures that appear to defy size, space,
and gravity.
Fig. Climberdome
GENERAL - SPACE FRAME

A space frame is a three-


dimensional truss with linear
members that form a series of
triangulated polyhedrons. It can be
seen as a plane of constant depth
that can sustain fairly long spans
and varied configurations of shape.

A space truss has members and


nodes that extend into three
dimensions. The top beams in a
truss are called top chords and are
typically in compression, the
bottom beams are called bottom
chords, and are typically in
tension. Fig. 3-Dimensional Truss/Space Truss
NOTES - SPACE FRAME

1. The prime attributes of space frame structural systems are their light
weight; inherent rigidity; their wide variety of form, size, and span; and
compatible interaction with other building support systems, primarily
HVAC.

2. Most systems are designed for specific applications, and a structural


engineer with space frame experience should always be consulted.
Manufacturers can provide the full range of capabilities—loading, spans,
shapes, specific details--for their products. Standardized systems in 4-
and 5-ft modules are available.

3. Metal space frames are classified as noncombustible construction and


can usually be exposed when 20 ft above the floor. However, an
automatic fire extinguishing system or a rated ceiling may be required.
Consult applicable building and fire codes.

4. The finishes commonly available are paint, thermoset polyester,


galvanizing, stainless steel, or metal plating.
SUPPORT TYPES - SPACE FRAME

Fig. Support Types


COMMON PATTERNS - SPACE FRAME

Direct Skewed Direct Offset 1/3 Module

Note:
Many propriety node systems
are available for specific
applications and budgets. Keep
field connections to a
minimum; welded connections
often eliminate joint piece.
Shape Change Offset Skewed Offset ½ Module
Fig. Common Patterns
MODULE SELECTION & CHARACTERISTICS - SPACE FRAME

Fig. Space Frame Module

Note
Select a space frame module that is compatible with the building planning
module in shape (e.g., a square module with orthogonal plan) and size (a
multiple of the planning module); is consistent with the limitations of the
interfacing systems (e.g., the maximum span of the roof deck or mullion
spacing of the glazing system); and satisfies the spatial and aesthetic effects
in scale and form.
MEMBER SHAPES - SPACE FRAME
NODE CONNECTIONS - SPACE FRAME

Note
Space frame support are at
panel joints only; not along
members.
SLOPED GLAZING & GRID SHAPES - SPACE FRAME

Fig. Tetrahedron

Fig. Square

Fig. Sloped Glazing Fig. Hexagonal


SPACE FRAME FORM TYPES - SPACE FRAME

PLATE Folded Plate


SPACE FRAME FORM TYPES - SPACE FRAME

Pyramid
SPACE FRAME FORM TYPES - SPACE FRAME

Multifaceted
SPACE FRAME FORM TYPES - SPACE FRAME

Dome
SPACE FRAME FORM TYPES - SPACE FRAME

Hyperbolic Paraboloid
ROOF & FLOOR CONNECTIONS - SPACE FRAME
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION & BENEFITS - SPACE FRAME

Fast, Reliable design & costing Multiple crews accelerate progress

Smart Solutions No Site Painting or Welding

Wide, Clear Column-Free Spans Supplier Expertise

Capacity for any loading Proven Technology

Less structure mass & foundation cost Supplier Reputation

Durable materials & protective finishes Single Source Responsibility

Services contained within the frame

Economical enhancement of existing


buildings

Reduced design & fabrication times &


costs

Construction is simple, safe and fast


Reference
Architectural GRAPHIC Standards CD-ROM
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY

http://www.mesteel.com/cgi-bin/w3-
msql/goto.htm?url=http://www.steelmillsoftheworld.com/activities/spaceframes/in
dustrial_benefits.htm

http://study.com/academy/lesson/space-frame-definition-structures-design.html

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