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Fundamental Unit of Life

The document provides information about cells and their structures. It defines the cell as the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. It states that if the nucleus of a cell is removed, the cell will eventually die as the nucleus controls all cell functions. Examples are given of single-celled organisms like Paramecium and Amoeba, and multicellular organisms like animals and plants. Key cell structures are also defined, such as the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, chromosomes, and plasma membrane. The primary functions of the plasma membrane and various cell organelles are outlined.

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3K views3 pages

Fundamental Unit of Life

The document provides information about cells and their structures. It defines the cell as the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. It states that if the nucleus of a cell is removed, the cell will eventually die as the nucleus controls all cell functions. Examples are given of single-celled organisms like Paramecium and Amoeba, and multicellular organisms like animals and plants. Key cell structures are also defined, such as the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, chromosomes, and plasma membrane. The primary functions of the plasma membrane and various cell organelles are outlined.

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Career 1st
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Study material on Fundamental unit of life By Vijay Sir

1.Name the person who first coined the term “Cell”


Ans: Robert Hooke in 1665, first coined the term Cell.
2. Define Cell
Ans: Cell is defined as the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms.
3. What will happen to a cell if its nucleus is removed?
Ans: With the passage of time, the cell will die as the nucleus which controls and
coordinates all the functions of the cell is absent.
4. Give 5 examples of single celled organisms.
Ans: Paramecium, Amoeba, Chlamydomonas, Bacteria, Malarial Parasite
5. What are multicellular organisms ? Give an example.
Ans: The organisms consisting of more than one (multiple) cells, where each cell
performs a specialized function is known as Multicellular Organism. Example:-
Animals, Plants, Fungi
6. The cell organelle which is commonly referred as the suicidal bags of the
cell.
Ans: Lysosomes.
7. Name the process through which an amoeba acquires its food from the
external surroundings.
Ans: The process through which an amoeba acquires its food from the external
environment is called Endocytosis.
8. State the functions of chromosome in a cell.
Ans: Chromosome is the carrier of genetic information.
9. Who proposed the Cell theory ?
Ans: Schielden and Schwann proposed the cell theory (i.e. all organisms have cell
and cell is the basic unit of life), it was further expanded by Virchow (by
suggesting that all cells arise from pre-existing cells).
10. What is Nucleoid ?
Ans: The undefined nuclear region of Prokaryotic cell (Bacteria, Blue Green
Algae) is known as Nucleoid.
11. Define diffusion.
Ans: Diffusion is defined as the movement of particles from a region of High
Concentration to a region of low concentration.
12. Plasma membrane is formed of?
Ans: Plasma Membrane is formed of Proteins and Lipids.
13. Identifiy and name the following cell structures:
a) The undefined nuclear region of Prokaryotic cell.
b) Site of energy release inside the cell.
Ans: a) Nucleoid b) Mitochondria
14. Name the kind of plastid which is important for photosynthesis in
leaves of the plants.
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Study material on Fundamental unit of life By Vijay Sir
Ans: Chloroplast.
15. Name the two components of chromosomes.
Ans: Proteins and DNA.
16. When does the chromatin network separate out to form chromosomes?
Ans: The network of Chromatin fibres seperate out to form chromosomes, when
a cell is at dividing stage (dividing/about to divide).
17. Name the cell organelle that detoxifies poisons and drugs.
Ans: Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER).
18. Name the cell organelle that is associated with protein synthesis.
Ans: Ribosomes.
19. Name a cell which changes its shape.
Ans: Amoeba
20. Name the functional unit of DNA that carries genetic informations.
Ans: Genes
21. Expand the word DNA.
Ans: Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid.
22. State the primary functions of plasma membrane.
Ans: It regulates the exchange of materials between the cytoplasm and
extracellular fluids.
23. Name a cell that lacks cell wall
Ans: Animal Cells
24. Name the main constituent substance present in plant cell wall.
Ans: Cellulose
25. Name the cell which is responsible for intracellular transport.
Ans: Endoplasmic Reticulum
26. Name the Reticulum which has ribosome’s attached to it .
Ans: Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
27. Name a cell that does not have a nucleus, what are they called?
Ans: The cells that do not have a nucleus are called Enucleate Cells, Red Blood
Cells (RBC) is a enucleate cell..
28. What is Biogenisis?
Ans: The production of proteins and lipids for producing membrane by the SER is
known as Biogenises.
29. Who discovered Golgi Apparatus?
Ans: Camillo Golgi.
30. Name the cell organelle which is involved in the formation of lysosomes.
Ans: Golgi Aparatus.
31. What is Endosmosis?

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Study material on Fundamental unit of life By Vijay Sir
Ans: The passage (entry) of water from outside to inside of a cell is known as
Endosmosis.

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