LECTURE NOTE

ON MCE 101 (INTRODUCTION TO

Course Lecturers: Dr. (Mrs) S. I. Kuye, Dr. N. O.

1
 Required Instruments
- Drawing board
- Hard pencils for constructions
- Soft pencils for outlines and writing
- Drawing sets
- T square
- Rulers

2
 Course Outlines
• Lettering and Line work
• Angles
• Triangles
• Quadrilaterals
• Inscribing a circle in any regular polygon
• Inscribing any regular polygon in a circle
• Conic Sections:
Drawing the true shape of the section of the
frustum of the cylinder
3
 Course Outlines Contd.
• Development of simple engineering/fabricated
objects such as:
 Frustum of cylinder and a pyramid
• The ellipse by:
 the rectangular method
 Auxiliary circle method
 Trammel method and
 Foci method
• Common internal and external tangent to two
equal and unequal circles
• Internal and external arc of a given radii

4
 LETTERING
• Lettering is one of the reasons drawings look
beautiful
• Plain and clear figures as a result of constant
practice will produce a good standard
• When doing lettering, always print between
two construction lines.
A B C D E F G H I J K L ……
a b c d e f g h i j k l …..
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ……
5
TYPES OF LINES
Thick line for outlines

Thin line for

Centre line

Line for cutting planes

Long break lines

7
BISECT A GIVEN LINE
- Draw the given line
- With centre A and any radius
greater than half AB draw arcs
above and below the line
- With centre B draw arcs of the
same radius to cut the
previous ones
- The line drawn through the
intersections of the arcs will
bisect the given line AB at C

8
To construct a perpendicular at a given
point on a straight line
- Draw the given line AB
- Mark the given point C
- With centre C and any
convenient radius draw the
semicircle DE
- With centres D and E and any
convenient radius draw arcs to
intersect at F
- A line drawn from C through
the intersection of the arcs is
the perpendicular

9
To construct a perpendicular at the
end of a given line
- Draw the given line AB
- Extend a construction line
outwards from A
- With centre A and any
convenient radius draw the
semicircle CD
With centres C and D and any
convenient radius draw arcs to
intersect at E
- A line drawn from A through
the intersection of the arcs to
intersect at E
10
To draw a parallel line
- Draw the line AB. Mark
points 1 and 3 near
to the ends of the
line and point 2
about the centre of
the line
- With centres 1, 2, 3
and a radius equal to
the distance away of
the required parallel
line draw arcs
- A line drawn across
the tops of the arcs is
the required parallel
line

11
To Divide a Straight Line into a Given
Number of Equal Parts
- Draw the given line AB
- Draw line AC at any
convenient angle to AB
- Step off along AC the
required number of
divisions. These may be of
any convenient length, but
equal
- Join the last number to
point B. Draw lines parallel
to this line from the other
numbers. AB is now divided
into the required number of
equal parts

12
Angles
- When two lines meet
they form an angle
- An acute angle is less
than 90o
- An obtuse angle is greater
than 90o and less than
180o
- A reflex angle is greater
than 180o
- Angles are measured in
degrees. There are 360 in a
circle
- Angles can be constructed and
measured with a protractor

13
To Bisect a Given Angle
- Draw the given angle BAC
- With centre A and any
convenient radius draw
an arc to cut AB at D and
AC at E
- With centre D and any
radius draw an arc
- With centre E and the
same radius draw an arc
to intersect the previous
one at F
- Join AF. This is the
bisector
14
To Construct an Angle Similar to a
Given Angle
- Draw the given angle
BAC. With centre A and
any radius draw an arc to
cut AB at D and AC at E
- Draw line FG. With centre
F and radius AD draw an
arc to cut FG at H
- With centre H and radius
ED draw an arc to cut the
previous one at J. Join FJ.
Angle JFG is the similar
angle

15
To Construct an Angle of 45o
- Construct a right angle
BAC. This looks like
what we had when we
constructed a
perpendicular at the
end of a given line
- Bisect the right angle to
obtain a 45o angle

16
To Construct an Angle of 60o
- Draw a line AB
- Indicate point C anywhere
on AB
- With centre C and any
convenient radius draw
an arc to cut AB at D
- With centre D and the
same radius draw an arc
to cut the previous one at
E
- Draw a line from C
through E (line CF). FCB is
the required 60o angle

17
To Construct an Angle of 30o
- Construct angle 60o
- Bisect the 60o angle
- Angle ABC is the
required 30o angle

18