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Exercises 1 Systems of Linear Equations, Matrices

1. The document discusses solving systems of linear equations using matrices and Gaussian elimination. It provides examples of linear equations and augmented matrices corresponding to systems. 2. Students are asked to identify which equations are linear, write out systems from augmented matrices, and use Gaussian elimination to solve example systems. They are also asked about the number of solutions a system may have based on a parameter.

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Ngô Anh Tú
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164 views2 pages

Exercises 1 Systems of Linear Equations, Matrices

1. The document discusses solving systems of linear equations using matrices and Gaussian elimination. It provides examples of linear equations and augmented matrices corresponding to systems. 2. Students are asked to identify which equations are linear, write out systems from augmented matrices, and use Gaussian elimination to solve example systems. They are also asked about the number of solutions a system may have based on a parameter.

Uploaded by

Ngô Anh Tú
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1 Systems of Linear Equations - Matrices

Recall: Common method to solve a linear system using Gaussian/Gauss-Jordan elimination:


1) Construct a matrix (called the augmented matrix) corresponding to the system

2) Using elementary row operations on matrices to reduce the augmented matrix to an upper triangu-
lar matrix.
3) Using back-substitution to solve the final system.
Exercises:

1. Which of the following are linear equations in x1 , x2 and x3 ?


√ √
(a) x1 + 5x2 − x3 = 1 (c) πx1 − 2x2 + 13 x3 = 71/3
√ √
− 32
(b) x1−2 + x2 + 8x3 = 5 (d) x1 − 3x2 + 4√ x3 = 2
5

2. The following matrices are the augmented matrices of systems of linear equatioins in variables
x1 , x2 , . . .. Write down the corresponding systems explicitly and solve them.

(a) (c)  

1 0 0 5
 1 6 0 0 4 −2
0 0 1 0 3 1 
0 1 0 −2  
0 0 0 1 5 2 
0 0 1 4
0 0 0 0 0 0
(b) (d)
   
1 0 0 4 −1 1 2 0 3 0 7
0 1 0 2 6  0 0 1 0 0 1
0 0 1 3 2 0 0 0 0 1 2

3. Solve the following linear systems using Gaussian or Gauss-Jordan (back-substitution) elimina-
tion. Write clearly all elementary row operations you used.

(a) (d)

x + y + 2z = 0 x − 2y + z − 4t = 1
2x + 4y − 3z = 1 x + 3y + 7z + 2t = 2
3x + 6y − 5z = 0. x − 12y − 11z − 16t = 5.

(e)
(b)
2I1 − I2 + 3I3 + 4I4 = 9
2x + 2y + 2z = 0 I1 − 2I3 + 7I4 = 11
−2x + 5y + 2z = 1 3I1 − 3I2 + I3 + 5I4 = 8
8x + y + 4z = −1. 2I1 + I2 + 4I3 + 4I4 = 10.

(f)
(c)
2u − v =0
x + 2y − t + w = 1 −u + 2v − w =0
3y + z − w = 2 − v + 2w − z = 0
z + 7t = 1. − w + 2z= 5.

1
4. For which values of a will the following system have no solutions? Exactly one solution? In-
finitely many solutions?

x + 2y − 3z = 4
3x − y + 5z = 2
4x + y + ( a2 − 14)z = a + 2.

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