ME6712 Mechatronics Laboratory

Assembly language programming of Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division using 8051
Micro controller
Expt No: 1
Date
Aim:
To write an assembly language program for addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of two 8
bit no’s using 8051 micro controller.
Apparatus Required:
1. 8051 Microprocessor kit-1
2. DC power supply 5v-1

PROCEDURE:
1. C reg is to be cleared for carry
2. Get data immediately
3. Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division can be done
4. Store the result in memory pointer
5. End the program.

C PROGRAM:
ADDITION:
ADD OPCODE LABEL MNEMONICS COMMENTS
3100 74 05 MOV A, # DATA 1 MOV data to A reg
3102 24 04 ADD A, # DATA 2 Add data 2 to A reg
3104 90 45 00 MOV DPTR, #3500 MOV data add to data pt
3107 F0 MOV X@DPTR, A MOV A reg to data pt
3108 80 FE HERE SIMP HERE JUMP on HERE

SUBTRACTION:

ADDRESS OPCODE LABEL MNEMONICS COMMENTS

3100 74 05 MOV A, # DATA 1 MOV data to A reg
3102 94 03 ADD A, # DATA 2 Add data to A reg total
3104 90 45 00 MOV DPTR, #3500 MOV data add in add
3107 F0 MOV X@DPTR, A MOV A reg to data
3108 80 FE HERE SIMP HERE JUMP on HERE

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MULTIPLICATION:

ADDRESS OPCODE LABEL MNEMONICS COMMENTS

3100 74 0A MOV A, # DA Data i) Moved to A reg
3102 75 F0 88 MOV B, # 88 Data i) Moved to B reg
3105 A4 MUL A,B Mult data in A, B
3106 90 45 00 MOV DPTR, #3000 Initialize M,DPTR
3109 F0 MOV, @DPTRA MOV A reg to DPTR
310A A3 INC,DPTR Increment DPTR
310B E5 F0 MOV A, B MOV B reg to A reg
310D F0 MOV X @ DPTR-A MOV A reg to IMPT
310E 80 FE HERE SIMP HERE Loop is end

DIVISION:

ADD OPCODE LABEL MNEMONICS COMMENTS

3100 74 08 MOV A, # 08 Data i) Moved to A reg
3102 75 MOV B, # 04 Data i) Moved to B reg
3105 84 DIV A,B Mult data in A, B
3106 90 45 06 MOV DPTR, #3000 Initialize M,DPTR
3109 F0 MOV, @DPTR A MOV A reg to DPTR
310A A3 INC,DPTR Increment DPTR
310B E5 F0 MOV A, B MOV B reg to A reg
310D F0 MOV X @ DPTR-A MOV A reg to IMPT
310E 80 FE HERE SIMP HERE Loop is end

FLOW CHART:
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Start

Clear PSW

Select register

Load A & Ro with 8-bits datas

Add ,Sub,Mul &

Div

Store the sum

Stop

OUTPUT:

ADDITION:

ASCII Array I/P Bin Array O/P

Add Data Add Data
3101 3500
3104

SUBTRACTION:

ASCII Array I/P Bin Array O/P

Add Data Add Data
3104 3500
3104

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MULTIPLICATION:

ASCII Array I/P Bin Array O/P

Add Data Add Data

3101 3500
3104 3501

DIVISION:

ASCII Array I/P

Bin Array O/P

Add Data Add Data

3101 3500
3104 3501`

VIVA VOCE QUESTION

1. What is microcontroller?
2. How many I/O ports are placed in microcontroller 8051?
3. Define DPTR.
4. What is the purpose of PSW register?
5. What is use of EA pin?

RESULT:
Thus the program for 8 bit Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division using 8051 was executed and
verified successfully.
STEPPER MOTOR INTERFACING USING 8051 MICRO-CONTROLLER FOR 360˚ CLOCKWISE
ROTATION

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Expt No: 2
Date

AIM
To write an assembly language program for driving the stepper motor in 360˚ clockwise rotation.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
 Stepper Motor
 8051 Micro Controller Kit

PROGRAM

ADDRESS OPCODES LABEL MNEMONICS COMMENT

4100 ORG 4100H

4100 90 45 00 START MOV DPRT,#4500#

4103 78 04 JO MOV RO,# 04

4105 EO MOV X A1@DPRT

4106 CO 83 PUSH DPH

4108 CO 82 PUSH DPL

410A 90 FF C0 MOV DPRT,#FFOH

410D 7A 04 MOV R2,#04#

4107 79 0F MOV R1,#07#

4111 7B 0F DLVI MOV R3,#07#

4113 DB FE MOV R3,#07#

4115 D9 FA DJN2 R1,DLY

4117 DA F8 DJN2 R2,DLY

4119 F0 MOV X @DPRT,A

411A D0 82 POP DPL

411C DO 83 POD DPL

411E A3 INC DPH

411F D8 E4 DJNZ DPRT

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4112 80 DD SJNJP RO;JO

4123 ENP START

4500 09 05 06 0A TABLE DB 09 05 06 0A

VIVA VOCE QUESTIONS:

1. What is microprocessor?
2. What is microcontroller?
3. What is full speed rotation?
4. What is half speed rotation?
5. What is stepper motor?
6. 6. How many bit addressable location are placed in internal RAM?
7. 7. What is interrupts signal?
8. 8. Name the types of 8051 interrupts signals.

RESULT
Thus the stepper motor interfacing using 8051 microcontroller for 3600 run at a different speed
successfully.

STEPPER MOTOR INTERFACING USING 8051 MICRO CONTROLLER FOR FORWARD AND REVERSE
DIRECTION

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Expt No: 3
Date
AIM
To program a forward and backward and reverse rotational of stepper motor in 8051 microcontroller
APPARATUS REQUIRED
 Stepper motor
 8051 Microcontroller kit
PROGRAM
ADDRESS OP CODE LABLE MEMORIES OPERAND
4100 ORG 4100H
M0D52
4100 7C 33 START; MOV R4,#33#
4102 90 41 44 L2; MOV DPRT,#FORWARD
4105 12 41 1C L ALL L1
4108 DC F8 DJN2 R4,L2
410A 12 41 3B LCALL DELAY
410D 7C 33 MOV R4,#33#
410F 90 41 48 MOV DPRT,#REVERSE
4112 12 41 1C LCALL L1
4115 DC F8 DJN2 R4,L3
4117 12 41 3B LCALL DELAY
411A 80 E4 SLAM START
411C 78 04 MOV R0,#04#
411E E0 MOV X A1,@DPRT
411F C0 83 PUSH 83H
4121 C0 82 PUSH 82H
4123 90 FF C0 MOV DPRT,#OFFCO#
4126 7A 04 MOV R2,#04#
4128 79 05 L7; MOV R1,#05#
412A 7B FF L6; MOV R3,#OFF#
412C DB FE L4; DJN2 R3,L4
412E D9 FA DJN2 R1,L4
4130 DA F6 MOV X @DPRT,A
4132 F0 POP
4133 D0 82 POP 82H
4135 D0 83 INC 83H
4137 A3 DJN2 DPRT
4138 D8 E4 RET R0,LOOP
413A 22 MOV
413B 7D 01 DELAY MOV R5.#01#
413D 7A 05 L9; DJN2 R2,#01#
413F DA FE L8; DJN2 R2,L8
4141 DD FA DJN2 R5,L9
4143 22 RET
4144 09 05 06 0A FORWARD DB09H05H06H 0AH
4148 0A 06 05 09 REVERSE DBOAHO6HO5H 09H

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VIVA VOICE QUESTIONS

1. What are the types of stepper motor?

2. What is the purpose of using the stepper motor?
3. What is a data bus?
4. What is the command used to enter the data, run the data and to edit in the system?
5. What is a stator and a rotor.

RESULT

Thus the program is successfully for forward and reverse rotation in 8051 microcontroller

TRAFFIC LIGHT INTERFACING USING 8051 MICRO CONTROLLER

Expt No: 4
Date
AIM
To write an assembly language program for traffic light inter face using 8051 micro controller

APPARATUS REQUIRED
 Traffic light interface
 8051 Microcontroller kit
PROGRAM

ADDRESS OPCODES LABEL MNEMONICS COMMENTS

3000 90 FF 03 MOV DPTR,#0FF03H

3003 74 80 MOV A,#80H

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3005 FQ MOV X @DPTR, A ;Set All Square Red (Stop)

3006 74 11 MOV A, #11H

3008 90 FF 00 MOV DEPT, #0FF00H

300B F0 MOV X @DPTR, A ;Set All Square Red (Stop)

300C 90 FF 02 MOV DEPT, #0FF00H

300F F0 MOV X @DPTR, A ;Set All Square Red (Stop)

3010 12 30 52 LCALL DELAYI ;Call Delay 10MSEC

3013 74 44 Loop; MOV A,#44H

3015 90 FF 00 MOV DPTR, #0FF00H

3018 F0 MOV X @DPTR, A ;Set Green (Go Led )of N& S

3019 12 30 52 LCALL DELAY1 ;Call Delay 10MSEC

301C 74 22 MOV A, #22H

301E FQ MOV X @DPTR, A ;Set Yellow(Start Led)of N&S

301F 12 30 5F LCALL DELAY2 ;Call Delay 5 MSEC

3022 74 99 MOV A, #99H

3024 F0 MOV X @DPTR, A ;Set All Square Red(stop)

3025 12 30 52 LCALL DELAY1 ;Call Delay 10MSEC

3028 74 22 MOV A, #22H

302A FO MOV X @DPTR, A ;Set Yellow(Start Led)of N&S

302B 12 30 5F LCALL DELAY2 ;Call Delay 5 MSEC

302E 74 11 MOV A, #11H

3030 F0 MOV X @DPDR, A ;Set All Square Red (Stop)

3031 74 44 MOV A, #44H

3033 90 FF 02 MOV DPTR, #0FF02H

3036 F0 MOV X @DPTR, A ;Set Green (Go Led )of E& W

3037 12 30 52 LCALL DELAY1 ;Call Delay 10MSEC

303A 74 22 MOV A, #22H

303D 12 30 5F LCALL DELAY2 ;Call Delay 5 MSEC

3040 74 99 MOV A, #99H

3042 F0 MOVX @DPTR, A ;Set All Square Red (Stop)

3043 12 30 52 LCALL DELAY1 ;Call Delay 10MSEC

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3046 74 22 MOV A,#22H

3048 F0 MOVX @DPTR, A ;Set Yellow(Start Led)of E&W

3049 12 30 5F LCALL DELAY2 ;Call Delay 5 MSEC

304C 74 11 MOV A, @11H

304E F0 MOVX @DPTR, A ;Set All Square Red (Stop)

304F 02 30 13 LJMP LOOP ;Jump to Loop

3052 79 25 Delay1: MOV R1, #25H ;10 MSEC Delay Routine

3054 7A 00 DL3: MOV R2, #0H

3056 7D 00 DL2: MOV R3, #0H

3058 DB FE DL1: DJNZ R3, DL1

305A DA FA DJNZ R2, DL2

305C D9 F6 DJNZ R1, DL3

305E 22 RET

305F 79 05 Delay2: MOV R1, #05H ;5 MSEC Delay Routine

3061 7A 00 DL6: MOV R2, #0H

3063 7B 00 DL5: MOV R3, #0H

3065 DB FE DL4: DJNZ R3, DL4

3067 DA FA DJNZ R2, DL5

3069 D9 F6 DJNZ R1, DL6

306B 22 RET

VIVA QUESTION

1. What is a data bus?

2. What is the command used to enter the data, run the data and to edit in the system?
3. What is traffic light interface?
4. What is micro controller?

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RESULT
Thus the traffic light interfacing experiment done sucessfully
SPEED CONTROL OF DC SERVO MOTOR USING PID CONTROLLER
EXPT NO: 5
DATE:

AIM:

To study the speed control DC motor using open loop and closed loop system

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
 DC Servo Motor
 PEC16M7 Module
 Micro-4011 kit
 34-pin FRC cable
 RS-232 cable
 15 pin connector

PROCEDURE:
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 Switch ON power supply of the PEC16M7 module, Micro-4011and DC Motor.

 Switch ON the 12V DC ON/OFF switch.
 Switch ON the power ON/OFF switch in the PEC16M7 module.
 Press the reset switch in the PEC16M7 module and Micro-4011.
 LCD in the Micro-4011 displays as follows with a delay of few seconds.
 Select speed control.
 Select open loop.
 Set the duty cycle between (50 - 98) %
 Now the motor will start to run corresponding to the duty cycle.
 Then press the reset button.
 Add the load to the loading area and note down the speed in tabular column.

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TABULATION:

S.No Load (Kg) Speed (Rpm)

OPEN LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM

CLOSED LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM

 Press reset button and select the closed loop.

 Select PID control
 Then set the speed of the motor
 Add the load to the loading area and note down the speed in tabular column.

GRAPH:

OPEN LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM

Load VS Speed

CLOSED LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM

Load VS Speed

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VIVA VOCE QUESTIONS:

1. Define open loop control system

2. Define closed loop control system
3. What is servomotor?
4. Define PID controller
5. What is duty cycle?

RESULT:
Thus the DC servo motor speed control using open loop and closed loop interfacing was done
and the characteristics curves are obtained
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ELECTRO PNEUMATIC CONTROL OF DOUBLE A C T I N G CYLINDER USING

SPDT AND PUSHBUTTON SWITCH
Expt No:

Date :

AIM:

To develop a electro-pneumatic circuit for extension and retraction of double acting

cylinder

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

1. Double acting cylinder

2. 3/2 solenoid valve

3. 5/2 single and double solenoid valve

4. FRL unit

5. Relay

6. SPDT Switch

7. Pushbutton switch

8. Connecting tubes & wires

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM-SPDT SWITCH

PROCEDURE
: SPDT
SWITCH

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1. Provide power supply to the pneumatic trainer from control trainer by
interfacing 24+v and -v

2. using the SPDT switch energize the corresponding solenoid valve to get
the desired movement in the cylinder.
3. Supply the Air to FRL unit.

4. Assemble all the components.

5. Check all the connections carefully.

6. Test the circuit. Observe the working of the cylinder using the 3/2 and 5/2
solenoid valve.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM-PUSH BUTTON

PUSHBUTTON SWITCH:

1. Draw the circuit diagram and connect the air supply to FRL unit.

2. Connect the electrical circuit from 24 dc source to ON/OFF switch.

3. Solenoids are connected to the pushbutton switch

4. When the solenoid is given a signal solenoid are cut and the solenoids are
de- energized and the DCV activated to single and double acting cylinder

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5. When off button is pressed the signal solenoid are cut and the solenoids are
de- energized and the DCV comes to the original position

VIVA VOCE QUESTION

1. What is meant by Limit switch and Memory valve?

2. What is the purpose of using Pilot operated DCV?
3. What is meant by FRL unit?
4. What is the purpose of using silencer?

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RESULT:

Thus the movement of double acting cylinder was carried out using switches

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ACTUATION OF SINGLE ACTING CYLINDER USING ON AND OFF DELAY TIMER

Ext No: 7
Date:
AIM:
To develop an electro-pneumatic circuit for the activation of single acting cylinder

using timer.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

1. Single acting cylinder

2. 3/2 single solenoid valve

3. Slide valve

4. FRL unit

5. Connecting tubes & wires

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM-ON TIMER

PROCEDURE: ON DELAY TIMER

1. Provide power supply to electrical controller by interfacing the +ve to –

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ve and –ve to -ve

2. Provide power supply to pneumatic trainer for electrical controller

by interfacing 24+ve to +ve and –ve to –ve.

3. Using the SPDT switch energize the corresponding solenoid to get

the desired movement of the cylinder

4. Actual the time delay circuit

5. From time delay, give connection to single acting cylinder to actuate

the cylinder according to time set.
6. Design and draw the pneumatic circuit.
7. Connect the air supply.

8. Test the circuit

9. Observe the working of the cylinder.

Circuit diagram-OFF TIMER

OFF DELAY TIMER

1. Provide P o w e r s u p p l y t o p n e u m a t i c t r a i n e r f r o m e l e
c t r i c a l c o n t r o l l e r by interfacing +24V and -24V
2. Provide 24V power supply to
timer
3. Any one of the outputs of FRL unit is directly connected to 3/2 single
solenoid valve.

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4. Single solenoid valve output is connected to single acting cylinder.

5. Give +24V and -24V in timer

6. Output of Timer is connected to solenoid coil.

7. Check the all circuit
8. Observe the working of cylinder

9. Observe the working circuit.

VIVA VOCE QUESTION

1. What are the types of DCV’s available?

2. What is detent operated DCV?
3. Differentiate Pneumatic system with Electro-pneumatic circuits.
4. What is the purpose of reed switch?

5. What is the principle of relay?

RESULT:

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Thus the movement of single acting cylinder was carried out using time delay.

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PLC CONTROL OF SINGLE ACTING CYLINDERS ON AND OFF DELAY TIMER

Expt No: 8

Date:

AIM:
To design a circuit to extend and retract the single acting cylinder

with the help of delay timer controlled by PLC.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

1. Single acting cylinder

2. RS 232 cable

3. Versa pro software

4. 3/2 single solenoid valve

5. FRL unit

6. PLC

7. Connecting wires and tube

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:-ON DELAY TIMER

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PROCEDURE:

ON DELAY TIMER:

1. Draw the circuit diagram

2. Provide +24V and –24V from PLC trainer to panel.

3. Open the versa pro software in desktop

4. Interface PLC with PC using RS 232 cable.

5. Write a ladder diagram.

6. Output of PLC (q1) is directly connected to input of solenoid coil.

7. Following the opening procedure of versa pro software.

8. Check the ladder diagram.

9. Connect the air supply to FRL unit.

10. Run the PLC. After some delay the cylinder will be activated.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM-OFF DELAY TIMER

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OFF DELAY TIMER

1. Draw the circuit diagram

2. Provide +24V and –24V from PLC trainer to panel.

3. Open the versa pro software in desktop

4. Interface PLC with PC using RS 232 cable.

5. Write a ladder diagram.

6. Output of PLC (q1) is directly connected to input of solenoid coil.

7. Following the opening procedure of versa pro software.

8. Check the ladder diagram.

9. Connect the air supply to FRL unit.

10. Run the PLC and observe the working of single acting cylinder.

VIVA VOCE QUESTION

1. What is PLC? What are the advantages?

2. What is meant by 1Q, 1m and 2m?

3. What is a timer?

4. What is the use of Jump circuit?

RESULT:

Thus the actuation of single acting cylinder with ON and OFF delay
timer was done using PLC.
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ACTUATION OF DOUBLE ACTING CYLINDER USING PLC

Expt No: 9

Date:
AIM:
To simulate the automatic sequence of double acting cylinder using PLC

APPARATUS REQUIRED

1. Double acting cylinder

2. RS 232 cable

3. versa pro software

4. 5/2 double solenoid valve

5. FRL unit

6. PLC

7. Connecting wires and tube.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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PROCEDURE:

1. Draw the circuit diagram

2. Provide +24V and –24V from PLC trainer to panel.

3. Open the versa pro software in desktop

4. Interface PLC with PC using RS 232 cable.

5. Write a ladder diagram.

6. Both outputs of PLC (q1 and q2) are directly connected to inputs of
solenoid coils.

7. Following the opening procedure of versa pro software.

8. Check the ladder diagram.

9. Connect the air supply to FRL unit.

10. Run the PLC and observe the working of double acting cylinder.

VIVA VOCE QUESTION

1. What is a PLC?
2. What are the features of PLC as a controller'?
3. What is meant by FCV?
4. What are the types of Cylinders?
5. What are opto isolators'?

RESULT:

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Thus the ladder diagram for the automatic running of double acting
cylinder is drawn and executed

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DESIGN OF PNEUMATIC CIRCUIT USING FLUIDSIM (PNEUMATIC) SOFTWARE

Expt No: 10
Date:
AIM:
To simulate the pneumatic circuit with single acting, double acting cylinders
by manual AND automatic mode using pneumatic simulation software

REQUIREMENTS:

1. Personal Computer

2. PHEUMOSIM Software

PROCEDURE:

1. Open the software in the personal computer.

2. Select the new file in it.

3. Click on the supply elements and then select, copy, paste the compressor.

4. Click the attenuator and then select copy, paste the single and double
acting cylinder.

5. Then select, copy, paste the 3/2, 5/2 single and double solenoid valve.

6. Select the air supply unit.

7. Connect all the components.

8. Start and operate the single, double acting cylinders.

Double Acting:

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Single Acting:

Viva voce question

1. What is called a pneumatic system?

2. List down the components of pneumatic system.
3. State the function of a control valve.
4. What are the factors to be considered for selecting solenoids'?

RESULT:

Thus the Pneumatic circuit for single acting, double acting cylinder
was simulated using FLUIDSIM software.
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DESIGN OF HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT USING FLUIDSIM (HYDRAULIC) SOFTWARE

Expt No: 11

Date:

AIM:

To simulate the hydraulic circuit with single acting, double acting

cylinders by manual and automatic mode using hydraulic

simulation software

REQUIREMENTS:

1. Personal Computer

2. FLUIDSIM Software

PROCEDURE:

1. Open the software in the personal computer.

2. Select the new file in it.

3. Click on the supply elements and then select, copy, paste the pump
and tanks.

4. Click the attenuator and then select, copy, paste the single and
double acting cylinder.

5. Then select, copy, paste the 3/2, 5/2 single and double solenoid valve.

6. Connect all the components

7. Start and operate the single, double acting cylinders.

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Viva voce question

1. Define a programmable logic controller.

2. List various types of PLC programming devices
3. What is ALU?
4. What are the main component parts of a PLC?

RESULT:

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Thus the Hydraulic circuit for single acting, double acting cylinder
was simulated using, FLUIDSIM software.

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AUTOMATION OF SINGLE ACTING CYLINDER USING PLC

EXPT NO: 12

DATE:

A I M:
To simulate the automatic sequence of single acting cylinder using PLC

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

1. Compressor
2. FRL Unit
3. 3/2 Solenoid Operated DCV
4. Single Acting Cylinder
5. PLC
6. Versa Pro Software.

PROCEDURE:

1. Draw the circuit diagram.

2. Provide +24V and –24V from PLC trainer to panel.
3. Open the versa pro software in desktop.
4. Interface PLC with PC using RS232 cable.
5. Write a ladder diagram.
6. Output of PLC (Q1) is direct connecting to input of solenoid coil.
7. Following the opening procedure of versa pro software.
8. Check the ladder diagram.
9. Connect the air supply to FRL unit.
10. Run the PLC.

11. Observe the working of single acting cylinder is automatic reciprocating.

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Viva voce question

1. What is the function of programming devices?

2. List down the types of buses required in a PLC
3. At what conditions master control is used?
4. List down PLC programming methods

RESULT:

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Thus the automation of single acting cylinder is done by using PLC.

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OPERATION OF SINGLE ACTING CYLINDER WITH OR LOGIC USING PLC

EXPT NO: 13
DATE:
AIM:

To simulate the single acting cylinder with OR logic using PLC

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

1. Compressor
2. FRL Unit
3. 3/2 Solenoid Operated DCV
4. Single Acting Cylinder
5. PLC
6. Versa Pro Software.

PROCEDURE:

1. Draw the circuit diagram.

2. Provide +24V and –24V from PLC trainer to panel.
3. Open the versa pro software in desktop.
4. Interface PLC with PC using RS232 cable.
5. Write a ladder diagram.
6. Output of PLC (Q1) is direct connecting to input of solenoid coil.
7. Following the opening procedure of versa pro software.
8. Check the ladder diagram.
9. Connect the air supply to FRL unit.
10. Run the PLC.
11. When any one input (1i, 2i) is high, the output is high

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Viva voce question

1. What the operations that is carried out with a PLC on data words?
2. What is meant by OR logic?
3. What is an internal relay?
4. Name different types of timers used in PLC.

RESULT:

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Thus the single acting cylinder is actuated with OR logic using PLC.

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OPERATION OF SINGLE ACTING CYLINDER WITH AND LOGIC USING PLC

EXPT NO: 14
DATE:
AIM:
To simulate the single acting cylinder with AND logic using PLC

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

1. Compressor
2. FRL Unit
3. 3/2 Solenoid Operated DCV
4. Single Acting Cylinder
5. PLC
6. Versa Pro Software.

PROCEDURE:

1. Draw the circuit diagram.

2. Provide +24V and –24V from PLC trainer to panel.
3. Open the versa pro software in desktop.
4. Interface PLC with PC using RS232 cable.
5. Write a ladder diagram.
6. Output of PLC (Q1) is direct connecting to input of solenoid coil.
7. Following the opening procedure of versa pro software.
8. Check the ladder diagram.
9. Connect the air supply to FRL unit.
10. Run the PLC.
11.When two inputs (1i, 2i) are high, the output is high.

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Viva voce question

1. What is the criteria need for the selection of a PLC?

2. Write about internal relays?
3. Write about timer circuit?
4. What is ladder programming?
5. What is mean by AND logic?

RESULT:

Thus the single acting cylinder is actuated with AND logic using PLC.
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STUDY OF IMAGE PROCESSING USING MATLAB SOFTWARE

EXT.NO:15
DATE:
AIM
To learn the fundamental concepts of image processing using MATLAB Software

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

 MATLAB software
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this lab experiment is for you to understand some fundamental
concepts of image processing using MATLAB. This lab experiment consists of four parts.
 In part 1, you will learn some basic MATLAB commands for image processing. After
getting yourself familiar with MATLAB commands, you may proceed to the part 2 of this
lab.
 In part 2, you are required to enhance a corrupted image using filtering. Peak signal to
noise ratio (PSNR) will be used to measure the quality of the enhanced image.
 In part 3 of the lab, you are required to write a simple MATLAB program to segment the
characters from plate number image. Segmentation is one of the important processes in
automatic plate number recognition.
 The final part (part 4) of this lab is to calculate mean square error (MSE) of images and
to relate the MSE value with subjective quality.

PROCEDURES
Part 1: Introduction to MATLAB for image processing

 Start up MATLAB software by clicking the MATLAB icon.

 Type demos and go to the digital image processing (DIP) toolboxes.
 Go through the titles in the DIP toolbox.
 Choose one title from the toolbox and perform one short experiment.

Part 2: Image Enhancement

 Select a gray type image from your existing file

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Write a MATLAB program to corrupt the image with impulse noise.
 Calculate PSNR between the original image and the corrupted image.
 Enhance the image using a median filter.
 Calculate PSNR between the original image and the enhanced image
 Evaluate the quality of the enhanced image and its relation to PSNR.
Part 3: Image Segmentation
 Download a simple plate number image such as below from website:

 Convert the image into gray image.

 Segment the image using one of the methods in image segmentation. You may use the
MATLAB command edge.
 Discuss several ways to automatically recognize the plate number.
Part 4: MSE Calculation
 Select a gray type image from your existing file
 Blur the original image using Gaussian error with average 0 and variance 0.002. You may
use MATLAB command imnoise.
 Calculate the MSE between the original image and the blurred image.
 Corrupt the original image by setting 6 of its consecutive pixels to 0. The resulting
corrupted image may look like the picture below.

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 Calculate the MSE between the original image and the corrupted image. You should see
that the MSE of the blurred image is lower than the corrupted image.
 Increase the amount of blur and find out when the MSE of the blurred image is higher
than the corrupted image.
 Compare the quality of the blurred and corrupted images and discuss their relation to
MSE.

Viva voce question

1. Define Image?
2. What do you mean by grey level?
3. What you mean by color level?
4. What do you meant by shrinking of digital images?
5. What do you meant by Zooming of digital images?
6. What is Image Enhancement?

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RESULT

Thus the image processing using MATLAB done successfully.

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