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G10-Q2-L6 - Plane and Curved Mirrors

The document discusses the properties of electromagnetic waves and the reflection of light off mirrors, including the law of reflection and how images are formed by plane mirrors and curved concave and convex mirrors using ray diagrams and analyzing the location, orientation, size, and type of the image. Real images are formed where light rays actually intersect while virtual images appear to be located where light rays do not actually intersect.

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Mark Galang
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361 views44 pages

G10-Q2-L6 - Plane and Curved Mirrors

The document discusses the properties of electromagnetic waves and the reflection of light off mirrors, including the law of reflection and how images are formed by plane mirrors and curved concave and convex mirrors using ray diagrams and analyzing the location, orientation, size, and type of the image. Real images are formed where light rays actually intersect while virtual images appear to be located where light rays do not actually intersect.

Uploaded by

Mark Galang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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High energy Radiation

• Eye and skin damage


• Cataracts, glaucoma
• Nausea
• Erythema
• Cancer
• Genetic Mutation
• Death
Properties of Waves – EM Waves
MIRRORS
Module 6
Reflection
The bouncing of light rays when it hits a
surface like a plane mirror
Whenever we look
into a mirror, we are
seeing a reflection
LAW OF REFLECTION
The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection
The normal line, incident ray, and reflected ray lie on the same plane
• Incident ray – the ray of light approaching the mirror
• Reflected ray – the ray of light which leaves the mirror
• Normal line – an imaginary line that can be drawn perpendicular to the surface
of the mirror at the point of incidence where the ray strikes the mirror
• Angle of Incidence – the angle between the incident ray and normal line
• Angle of Reflection – the angle between the reflected ray and the normal line
Specular or Regular reflection – reflected from a smooth surface
Diffused or Irregular reflection – reflected from a rough surface
Multiple reflection
• Multiple images are formed
when arranging at least two
mirrors
IMAGE
FORMATION

Plane
Curved
Image Formation on
Mirrors
Real Image – images formed by the
intersection of real reflected rays
Virtual Image – images formed by the
intersection of non-real rays
Virtual image
• If it is formed in location where light does not actually reach.
• It forms behind the mirror and it only appears to an observer as
though the light is coming from this location.
Plane Mirror
A piece of glass, painted behind with a
thin layer of silver metal to give the
glass a bright surface that reflects most
of the incident rays on it which
produces a virtual image
Image Formation
on Plane Mirror
• Virtual Image
• Same size and the distance
of the object and image
• Left- right reversal
• Upright
Image form by a
Curved Mirror
• A curved mirror is a reflecting
surface in which its surface is a
section of the sphere
Two kinds of Spherical
Mirrors
Concave Mirror
A curved mirror in which the reflective surface is
in the inner surface of the sphere
It is called converging mirror because the
parallel incident rays converge or meet/
Intersect at a focal point after reflection
Convex Mirror
A curved mirror in which the reflective
surface is in the outer surface of the sphere
It is called a Diverging mirror because
the parallel incident rays diverge after
reflection
When extending the reflected rays behind
the mirror, the rays converge at the focus
behind the mirror
Images formed by Curved Mirrors
three important points to be considered

Center of Curvature (C) – the center of the sphere of which the mirror
is part of. Its distance from the mirror is known as the radius
Vertex (V)- the geometric center of the mirror
Focal point/ Focus (F) – the point between the center of the
curvature and vertex.
Focal length (f) – the distance from the mirror to the focal point
Principal axis – a line passing through the center of the sphere
and the vertex
Images formed by Curved Mirrors
three important points to be considered

Principal axis

Principal axis V V
The Four Principal Rays in Curved Mirrors
Images formed in a curved mirror can be located or described
through ray diagramming
P-F Ray (Principal axis - Focus)
F-P Ray (Focus- Principal Axis)
C-C Ray (Center - Center)
V Ray (Vertex-equal)

The four principal rays are used in determining the position and nature of
the image graphically
The Four Principal Rays
CONCAVE MIRROR

P-F Ray
The Four Principal Rays
CONCAVE MIRROR

F-P Ray
The Four Principal Rays
CONCAVE MIRROR

C-C Ray
The Four Principal Rays
CONCAVE MIRROR

V Ray
The Four Principal Rays
CONCAVE MIRROR

P-F Ray

C-C Ray

F-P Ray

V Ray
The Four Principal Rays
CONVEX MIRROR

P-F Ray
The Four Principal Rays
CONVEX MIRROR

F-P Ray
The Four Principal Rays
CONVEX MIRROR

C-C Ray
The Four Principal Rays
CONVEX MIRROR

V Ray
The Four Principal Rays
CONVEX MIRROR

P-F Ray
C-C Ray

F-P Ray
The four principal rays are used in determining the position and
nature of the image graphically
1. From the object, draw the first ray (P-F ray)
2. From the same point on the object, draw the second (F-P ray), third (C-C
ray) and fourth (V ray)
3. The intersection of these four rays is the image point corresponding to the
object point.
4. For concave mirror, light rays diverge after reflection and converge from a
point that seems to be behind the mirror (virtual focus)
L-O-S-T
• Location (C, F)
• Orientation (upright or inverted)
• Size (same size, reduced, enlarged)
• Type (Real or Virtual)
RAY DIAGRAM
Concave Mirror

P-F Ray Beyond Center of Curvature (C)


•L Between F and C
•O Inverted
•S Reduced
•T Real
F-P Ray
RAY DIAGRAM
Concave Mirror

At Center of Curvature (C)


•L At C
•O Inverted
•S Same size
•T Real
RAY DIAGRAM
Concave Mirror

Between C and F
•L Beyond C
•O Inverted
•S Enlarge
•T Real
RAY DIAGRAM
Concave Mirror

At F
•L No image form
•O No image form
•S No image form
•T No image form
RAY DIAGRAM
Concave Mirror

Between V and F
•L Behind the mirror
•O Upright
•S Enlarged
•T Virtual
RAY DIAGRAM
Concave Mirror

Object at Infinity
•L At F
•O Inverted
•S Point sized, reduced
•T Real
RAY DIAGRAM
Convex Mirror
•L Behind the mirror, between V & F
•O Upright
P-F Ray •S Reduced
F-P Ray •T Virtual
RAY DIAGRAM
Convex Mirror

•L Behind the mirror, between V & F


•O Upright
•S Reduced
•T Virtual
RAY DIAGRAM
Convex Mirror

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