WEEKLY LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

Science 10, Quarter 2, Week 7

LIGHT: CURVE MIRRORS AND LENSES

Name: Section:

Most Essential Learning Competency:

1. Predict the qualitative characteristics (orientation, type, and magnification) of images formed
by plane and curved mirrors and lenses (S10FE-IIg-50)

Learning Objectives:
a. Construct ray diagrams to determine the location, orientation, size, and type of images
formed by curved mirror.
b. Construct ray diagrams to determine the location, orientation, size, and type of images
formed by lenses.

Time Allotment: 250 minutes

Key Concepts:
 In locating the image formed in curved mirror graphically, three important points are
considered. The following important points are enumerated below.
- Center of Curvature, C – the center
of the sphere of which the mirror is
part. Its distance from the mirror is
known as the radius.
- Vertex, V – the center of the mirror.
- Focal point/Focus, F – the point
between the center of the curvature
and vertex. Its distance from the
mirror is known as the focal length f.
- P-point – stands for a point at the (a) (b)
top of the object. This is where the P-
F ray starts.

Science 10, Learners’ Material, p. 184

Figure 1. Curved Mirrors (a) Concave Mirror (b)

Convex Mirror

 The ‘Four Principal Rays’ in Curved Mirrors. Images formed in a curved mirror can be
located and described through ray diagramming. The P – F ray, F – P ray, C – C ray, and the
V ray are the ‘Four Principal Rays’ in curve mirrors. These rays, applied for concave and
convex mirrors.

Author: JASON P. RESMA

School/Station: Agusan del Sur National High School
Division: Agusan del Sur
email address: jason.resma@deped.gov.ph
1
  The following are ray diagramming steps using the ‘Four Principal Rays’ in determining the
position and the nature of the image of an object formed by concave mirror and convex
mirror.

1. From the object, draw the first ray (P – F ray). From the same point on the object, draw
the second (F – P ray), third (C – C ray), and fourth (V ray) rays.
2. The intersection of the four rays is the image point corresponding to the object point. For
example, if you started diagramming from the tip of the arrow-shaped object, the
intersection of the reflected rays is also the tip of the arrow-shaped image. Thus, you can
determine completely the position and characteristics of the image.
3. For a convex mirror, light rays diverge after reflection and converge from a point that
seems to be behind the mirror (virtual focus); but the procedure for locating images is the
same as for concave mirror http://adisportfolio.weebly.com/uploads/1/7/0/4/17041982/2585990.gif
?514

Figure 2. Image formed in a convex mirror

Activity 1. Are you L-O-S-T after Reflection?

What you need:

 Protractor and ruler
 Sheets of paper
 Pen/Pencil

What to do:
1. Using the protractor and the ruler, copy each of the diagrams (B – G) below on a separate sheet
of paper. As much as possible, use the four principal rays to locate the image formed in a
curved mirror.
2. The height of the object (arrow) must be 0.5 inches.
3. The Length of center of curvature (C) must be 2 inches from the mirror thus the principal focus
(F) should be 1 inch.

Author: JASON P. RESMA

School/Station: Agusan del Sur National High School
Division: Agusan del Sur
email address: jason.resma@deped.gov.ph
2
 CONCAVE MIRROR
A B

C D

CONVEX MIRRORS
F G

4. Do the ray diagraming procedures as presented in the “Key concepts” above and use a table
similar to Table 1 below to summarize the characteristics and location of the images formed.

Author: JASON P. RESMA

School/Station: Agusan del Sur National High School
Division: Agusan del Sur
email address: jason.resma@deped.gov.ph
3
 Table 1. Location, Orientation, Size, and Type of Image Formed in Curved Mirrors
Image
Location of Location Orientation Size Type
Object (upright or (same. Reduced, (real, virtual)
inverted) or enlarged)
CONCAVE Between C and Inverted Reduced Real
A. Farther then F
the Center of
Curvature

B. At the Center
of Curvature

C. Between the
Center of
Curvature and
the Focal Point
D.At the focal
point
E. Between the
Focal point
and the Center
of the mirror
(vertex)
CONVEX
F. Father than C
in front of the
mirror
G. Between F
and V in front of
the mirror

Q1. Refer to Table 1. How does the location of the object affect the characteristics and location of
the image formed in a concave mirror? Convex mirror?

Q2. What type of mirror do dentists usually use to clearly see the images of our teeth? Why?

Q3. What kind of curved mirror do you see in most of the department stores? Why do they use such
kind of mirror?

Author: JASON P. RESMA

School/Station: Agusan del Sur National High School
Division: Agusan del Sur
email address: jason.resma@deped.gov.ph
4
Key Concepts:
 Refraction is the bending of light when it travels from one medium to another of different
optical densities. The ancient Greeks used the concept of light refraction in their living like
using a lens to focus light rays. A lens is a transparent material made of glass or plastic that
refracts light rays and focuses (or appear to focus) them at a point.
 Types of Lenses: CONVEX LENS

It is thicker in the center

than the edges.

It forms real images and

virtual images depending on
the position of the object.

It is also called as
CONVERGING LENS
because the light that passes
through it tends to converge
at a particular point called
the focal point. http://www.funscience.in/images/StudyZone/P https://s3.envato.com/files/235609003/Dictiona
hysics/RefractionOfLight/ConvergencOfLight.jpg ry%20Success%20Magnified.jpg

(a) (b)

Figure 1. Convex Lens (a) Parallel light rays converge after

refraction. (b) A converging lens magnifying the words from a book

 Types of Lenses: CONCAVE LENS

It is thicker at the edges and thinner

in the center.

It forms upright and reduced images

It is also called as DIVERGING LENS

because the light that passes through
it tends to diverge at a particular
http://www.funscience.in/images/StudyZone/
point called the focal point. Physics/RefractionOfLight/DivergeAParallelBea https://images.fineartamerica.com/images-medium-
large-5/2-life-through-the-lens-jay-harrison.jpg
mOfLight.jpg

(a) (b)

Figure 2. Concave Lens. (a) Parallel light rays diverge after

refraction. (b) A diverging lens demagnifying the view of the house

Author: JASON P. RESMA

School/Station: Agusan del Sur National High School
Division: Agusan del Sur
email address: jason.resma@deped.gov.ph
5
  Images formed in a lens can be located and described through ray diagramming. The following three most useful
rays for convex and concave lenses are presented below.

Convex Lens (Converging Lens) Concave Lens (Diverging Lens)

1st Ray. P–F Ray. A ray of light parallel 1st Ray. P–F Ray. A ray of light parallel
to the principal axis is refracted to the principal axis is refracted
passing through the principal as if passing through the principal
focus, F behind the lens. focus, F in front of the lens

2nd Ray. F–P Ray. A ray of light passing

2nd Ray. F–P Ray. A ray of light directed
through the focus, F in front of the lens is
towards the focus, F behind the lens is
refracted parallel to the principal axis
refracted parallel to the principal axis.

3rd Ray. V Ray. A ray of light passing 3rd Ray. V Ray. A ray of light passing
through the exact center of the through the exact center of the
lens (Vertex) continue to travel in lens (Vertex) continue to travel in
the same direction. the same direction.

Author: JASON P. RESMA

School/Station: Agusan del Sur National High School
Division: Agusan del Sur
email address: jason.resma@deped.gov.ph
6
 1. From the object, draw the first ray (P–F ray). From the same point on the object, draw the
second (F–P ray), and third (V ray) rays.
2. The intersection of the rays is the image point corresponding to the object point. For
example, if you started diagramming from the tip of the arrow-shaped object, the intersection
of the refracted rays is also the tip of the arrow-shaped image. Thus, you can determine
completely the position and characteristics of the image.
3. For a concave lens, light rays diverge from a virtual focus; but the procedure for locating images
is the same as for convex lenses.

Activity 2. Are you L-O-S-T after Refraction?

What you need:

 Paper
 pen
 ruler
 compass/Protractor
What to do:
1. Copy each of the diagrams (B–H) below on a clear sheet of paper. Construct ray diagram
using, as much as possible, the ‘three most useful rays’ for each of the following cases to
determine the location, orientation, size, and type of the image.
2. The height of the object (arrow) must be 0.5 inches.
3. The Length of center of curvature (2F) must be 2 inches from the mirror thus the
principal focus (F) should be 1 inch from the mirror.

CONVEX LENS

A B C

Author: JASON P. RESMA

School/Station: Agusan del Sur National High School
Division: Agusan del Sur
email address: jason.resma@deped.gov.ph
7
 D. E.

CONCAVE LENS

F G H

4. Use a table similar to Table 2 below to summarize the characteristics and location of the
images formed.

Author: JASON P. RESMA

School/Station: Agusan del Sur National High School
Division: Agusan del Sur
email address: jason.resma@deped.gov.ph
8
Table 2. Location, Orientation, Size, and Type of Image Formed by Lenses
Image
Location of Location Orientation Size Type
Object (upright or (same. Reduced, (real, virtual)
inverted) or enlarged)
CONVEX LENS Between F and Inverted Reduced Real
H. Beyond 2F’ 2F

I. At 2F’
J. Between 2F’
and F’
K. At the focal
point, F’
L. Between the
Focal point , F’
and the Center
of the mirror
(vertex, V)
CONCAVE LENS
M. At 2F’
N. At the Focal
point, F’
O. Between F’
and V

Q1. Refer to Table 2. How does the image change in its size and location, as the object comes nearer
the convex lens? Concave lens?

Q2. Why is it impossible for a concave lens to form a real image?

Reflection

Give practical applications of convex and concave lenses in real-life situation. Write your
5-sentence answer in a separate sheet of paper.

RUBRIC for Scoring

3 – Practical application is scientifically explained consistent to the concepts, and
has no misconceptions.
2 – Practical application is scientifically explained consistent to the concepts but
with minimal misconception.
1 – Practical application is explained consistent to the concepts but with
misconceptions.

Author: JASON P. RESMA

School/Station: Agusan del Sur National High School
Division: Agusan del Sur
email address: jason.resma@deped.gov.ph
9
References

Books

Acosta, H. D., Alvarez, L. A., Angeles, D. G., Arre, R. D., Carmona, M. P., Garcia, A. S., . . . Salazar, N. G. (2015).
Science 10, Learner's Material Unit 2 (First ed.). Pasig City, Philippines: Department of Education

Acosta, H. D., Alvarez, L. A., Angeles, D. G., Arre, R. D., Carmona, M. P., Garcia, A. S., . . . Salazar, N. G. (2015).
Science 10, Teacher’s Guide Unit 2 (First ed.). Pasig City, Philippines: Department of Education.

Photos (snipped from the sources below)

Acosta, H. D., Alvarez, L. A., Angeles, D. G., Arre, R. D., Carmona, M. P., Garcia, A. S., . . . Salazar, N. G. (2015).
Science 10, Learner's Material Unit 2 (First ed.). Pasig City, Philippines: Department of Education

Acosta, H. D., Alvarez, L. A., Angeles, D. G., Arre, R. D., Carmona, M. P., Garcia, A. S., . . . Salazar, N. G. (2015).
Science 10, Teacher’s Guide Unit 2 (First ed.). Pasig City, Philippines: Department of Education.

“Convex lens” FunScience.in. Accessed November 5, 2020

http://www.funscience.in/images/StudyZone/Physics/RefractionOfLight/ConvergencOfLight.jpg

“Concave lens” FunScience.in. Accessed November 5, 2020

http://www.funscience.in/images/StudyZone/Physics/RefractionOfLight/DivergeAParallelBeamOfLight.jpg

“Lens on a book” Accessed November 5, 2020 https://s3.envato.com/files/235609003/Dictionary%20Success

%20Magnified.jpg

“Diverging lens” Fineartamerica.com Accessed November 5, 2020 https://images.fineartamerica.com/images-

medium-large-5/2-life-through-the-lens-jay-harrison.jpg

Answer Key

gives a wider range of view.

Q3. Most of the department stores use convex mirrors because it
the mirrors focal point and the vertex or opticalh)cen ter of the mirror.
ppens beca use the objec t (teet is loc ated between
the dentist to see the details of the object (teeth). This ha
ge appears larger or magnified, making it easier for
Q2. A dentist’s mirror is a concave mirror because the ima
upright, reduced, virtual, and located between F and V.
all loc ations of obje ct in front of a conv ex mi rror, the image formed is always
upright and becomes virtual. For cave mirror (between F and V), the image appears
and inverted. As it comes closer to the surface of the con
ay from the mirrors and becomes larger
object comes nearer the concave mirror, its image appears farther aw
of the image in such a way that as the
Q1. The location of the object affects the characteristics and location
Activity 1:

raysge, and spreads

e lensersec
concavby out the real rays.
al image beca use a real ima is formed int tion of real refracted
Q2. A concave lens cannot form re

ght, reduced, virtual, and located between F and V.

in front of a concave lens, the image formed is always upri
ons of object
appears upright and becomes virtual. For all locaticome
to the convex lens (between F and V), the imagelens, the ima ge app ears fa rther and ma gnified. As it s closer
Q1. As the object comes nearer the c onvex
Activity 2:

Author: JASON P. RESMA

School/Station: Agusan del Sur National High School
Division: Agusan del Sur
email address: jason.resma@deped.gov.ph
10