Conversions between different forms of quadratics

1st case: Standard form to factorized form: ax 2 + bx + c → a ( x − x1 )( x − x2 )

Example

Write the factorized form of the function x 2 + 4 x − 12

Solution Use the quadratic formula
to find the roots.
a = 1 , b = 4 , c = −12 , D = 64
Then apply them directly
in the factorized form.
−4 + 8 4
= =2 Note that if there aren’t
2 2
−b  D −4  64 −4  8 any real roots, there will
x1,2 = = = =
2a 2 1 2 be no factorized form
−4 − 8 −12
= = −6
2 2

a ( x − x1 )( x − x2 ) = 1( x − 2 )( x − (−6) ) = ( x − 2 )( x + 6 )

2nd case: Standard form to Vertex form: ax 2 + bx + c → a ( x − h ) + k

2

Example

Find the vertex form of x − 2 x + 5

2
. Find the coordinates of the
vertex from the formula
Solution
 −b − D 
a = 1 , b = −2 , c = 5 , D = − 16  , 
 2a 4a 
Then plug in these values
 −b − D   −(−2) −(−16) 
 = V (1, 4 )
in place of h and k
V ,  =V  ,
 2a 4a   2 1 4 1  respectively

h =1 , k = 4

a ( x − h ) + k = 1( x − 1) + 4
2 2
3rd case: Factorized form to standard form: a ( x − x1 )( x − x2 ) → ax 2 + bx + c

Example

Bring 2 ( x − 3)( x + 4 ) into its standard form

Solution

2 ( x − 3)( x + 4 )

2 ( x 2 + 4 x − 3 x − 12 )
Simply apply the
distributive property

2 ( x 2 + x − 12 )

2 x 2 + 2 x − 24

4th case: Factorized form to vertex form: a ( x − x1 )( x − x2 ) → a ( x − h ) + k

2

Example

Bring 2 ( x − 3)( x + 4 ) into its vertex form We will firstly

apply the
Solution distributive
property to
a = 2 , b = 2 , c = −12 , D = 100
2 ( x − 3)( x + 4 )  bring it in
 standard form
  −b − D   −2 −100  and from that
2 ( x + 4 x − 3x − 12 )  V ,  =V  ,  = V ( −1, −25 ) form we will
 
2
  2 a 4 a   2 1 4 1 
 convert it into its
→ vertex form like

2 ( x 2 + x − 12 )  h = −1 , k = −25 we did in the 2nd
case


2 x 2 + 2 x − 24  a ( x − h ) + k = 2 ( x − (−1) ) − 25 = 2 ( x + 1) − 25
2 2 2
5th case: Vertex form to standard form: a ( x − h ) + k → ax 2 + bx + c
2

Example

Bring 2 ( x − 3) + 6 into its standard form

2

Solution expand the identity by applying one

of the following:
2 ( x − 3) + 6
2

( a + b ) = a 2 + 2ab + b2
2

2 ( x 2 − 2  x  3 + 32 ) + 6
( a − b ) = a 2 − 2ab + b2
2

2 ( x2 − 6x + 9) + 6 Then, do operations to bring it into

the needed form
2 x 2 − 12 x + 18 + 6

2 x 2 − 12 x + 24

6th case: Vertex form to factorized form: a ( x − h ) + k → a ( x − x1 )( x − x2 )

2

Example

Bring 3 ( x + 1) − 27 into its factorized form

2

Solution

3 ( x + 1) − 27
2
 a = 3, b = 6, c = −24  x1 = 2 , x2 = −4
 
 
 = + =  a ( x − x1 )( x − x2 )
3 ( x + 2 x + 1) − 27 
2 D 36 288 324
 We must firstly
 
3 ( x − 2 )( x + 4 )
find the standard
 −6  324 −6  18  form of the
3x 2 + 6 x + 3 − 27  x1,2 = = 
 6 6 → expression like
→  we did in the 5th
 
3x 2 + 6 x − 24   case and then
−6 + 18 12
 = =2  follow the
 6 6  process we
 =  worked in the 1st
  case
 − − −
= −4 
6 18 24
=
 6 6  operations to
bring it into the
needed form
Conversions between different forms of a quadratics
Exercises
Case 1: From standard form ax 2 + bx + c to factorized form a ( x − x1 )( x − x2 )

1) x 2 + 8 x + 12 2) x 2 + 8 x + 7

3) x 2 − 6 x + 5 4) x 2 − 2 x + 24

5) −6 x 2 − 13 x + 5 6) 8 x 2 + 14 x + 3
 ax 2 + bx + c to vertex form a ( x − h ) + k
2
Case 2: From Standard form

7) x 2 + 4 x + 5 8) x 2 + 7 x + 10

9) − x 2 + 2 x − 1 10) x 2 − 2 x + 5

11) −6 x 2 − 13x + 5 12) − x 2 − 3x + 1

Case 3: From factorized form a ( x − x1 )( x − x2 ) to standard form ax 2 + bx + c

13) 2 ( x + 2 )( x + 3) 14) −2 ( x − 2 )( x + 4 )

15) − ( x − 1)( x − 6 ) 16) −5 ( x + 1)( x − 1)

17) ( 2 x + 1) (3x + 4) 18) − ( −2 x + 1) (3 x − 4)

Case 4: Factorized form a ( x − x1 )( x − x2 ) to vertex form a ( x − h ) + k
2

19) 2 ( x − 2 )( x + 3) 20) −2 ( x − 6 )( x + 2 )

21) ( x + 5)( x − 5) 22) −4 ( x + 5 )( x − 3)

23) 3 ( x − 1) ( x + 2) 24) −3 ( x + 7 ) ( x − 5)
 Case 5: Vertex form a ( x − h ) + k to standard form ax 2 + bx + c
2

25) 2 ( x − 3) + 5 26) −2 ( x + 1) − 3
2 2

27) 3 ( x + 2 ) − 10 28) − ( x − 2 ) + 1
2 2

29) −1( x + 1) 30) −2 ( x + 3) − 3

2 2
Case 6: Vertex form a ( x − h ) + k to factorized form a ( x − x1 )( x − x2 )
2

31) 3 ( x + 1) − 27 32) −3 ( x − 1) + 27
2 2

33) 4 ( x − 5 ) − 16 34) −5 ( x + 6 ) + 125

2 2

35) 2 ( x − 6 ) − 50 36) −2 ( x − 6 ) − 8
2 2
 Solutions

1) ( x + 6)( x + 2) 19) 2 ( x + 0.5 ) − 12.5

2

2) ( x + 1)( x + 7)
20) −2 ( x − 2 ) + 32
2

3) ( x − 5)( x − 1)
( x − 0 ) − 25
2
4) not any 21)
−4 ( x + 1) + 64
2
5) −(2 x + 5)(3 x − 1) 22)
6) (2 x + 3)(4 x + 1) 23) 3 ( x + 0.5 )
2

( x + 2) + 1
2
7) −3 ( x + 1) + 108
2
24)
( x + 3.5) − 2.25
2
8) 25) 2 x 2 − 12 x + 23
− ( x − 1) + 4
2
9) 26) −2 x 2 − 4 x − 5
10) ( x − 1) 2 + 4 27) 3 x 2 + 12 x + 2
 13  289
2
28) − x 2 + 4 x − 3
11) −6  x +  +
 12  24 29) − x 2 − 2 x − 1

2
3  13 30) −2 x 2 − 12 x − 21
12) −  x +  +
 2 4 31) 3( x + 4)( x − 2)
13) 2 x 2 + 10 x + 12 32) −3( x + 2)( x − 4)
14) −2 x 2 − 4 x + 16 33) 4( x − 3)( x − 7)
15) − x 2 + 7 x − 6 34) −5( x + 11)( x + 1)
16) −5 x 2 + 5 35) 2( x − 1)( x − 11)
36) no t any
17) 6 x 2 + 11x + 4
18) 6 x 2 − 11x + 4

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