UNIVERSIDAD DE STA.

ISABEL PILI CAMPUS

San Agustin, Pili, Camarines Sur
SY 2020 - 2021

MODULE 5
Rational and Irrational Numbers
OVERVIEW…
Rational numbers come in different forms in our daily lives. When we deal with money, we work with
decimals, since our monetary system involves pesos and centavos. When we follow recipe, or when we buy
goods by the kilogram in the market, we often work with fractions and mixed numbers. No matter what we do,
situations which require us to deal with various forms of the rational numbers naturally crop.
In this module, we continue reviewing some computational skills form elementary mathematics---the
transition from fractions to real numbers. However, the set of rational numbers now become the primary
focal point. We urge you to use this section to review and improve your basic math skills so that the algebraic
concept is subsequent chapter can build upon a solid foundation.
Learning Standards and Outcome

 Content Standards: The learner demonstrates understanding of the sets and the real number
system.
 Performance Standards: The learner is able to formulate challenging situations involving sets
and real numbers and solve these in a variety of strategies.
 Learning Targets: After accomplishing all the learning activities in the module, I can;
1. performs operations on Rational Number; and
2. identify if the number is rational or irrational.
 Value Standards: My Own family: Family Oriented-ness (DC Core Value)
 Evidence of Learning: Drills, Summative Quiz
Link Start Find Me?!
1. Direction: The table below are composed of different numbers. Determine whether the
number is fractions and decimal. Write your answer on a space provided.

1.5 4 5
9 6
0.5 0.2 22.3

2 1 1.222222
2
9 3

Fractions

Decimals

Fractions 4 5 2 1
, , ,2
9 6 9 3
Decimals 1.5 , 0.5 , 0.2, 22.3 , 1.222222

Game On
1ST QUARTER | MODULE 5 IN MATHEMATCS 7: RATIONAL AND IRRATIONAL|MR. FELIX JONES B. BANARES | 24
 UNIVERSIDAD DE STA. ISABEL PILI CAMPUS
San Agustin, Pili, Camarines Sur
SY 2020 - 2021

p
DEFINITION Rational Numbers is a number that can be written as ,where p and q are
q
integers and q ≠ 0.
Irrational Numbers are numbers cannot be expressed as rational numbers
such as √ 2 , √ 3 , √5

Illustration

Rational Numbers
−5 3 73 1
Some examples of rational numbers are – 5 = , 3 = , 0.73 = and 0.333… = .
1 1 100 3
Rational numbers include decimals that can either be terminating such as 0.73 or repeating
73 1
such as 0.333… since they can be written as and respectively
100 3
Example:
−11
= -2.2 (terminating decimal)
5
1
= 0.25 (terminating decimal)
4
2
= 0.666… = 0.6 (nonterminating decimal/repeating)
3
3
= 0.4285714285714… = 0.0.4285714 (nonterminating decimal/repeating)
7
Since the patterns form digits 4 to 1 is repeating, we place a bar to those digits that are
repeated or sometimes dots above the first and last digits of the repeating pattern.

We can form the following rule for converting pure repeating decimals into rational numbers:
Write the repeating digit or as a numerator
Write as many nine in the denominator as the number of repeating digits
Example: 0.1 = ; 0.17 = ; 0.492 =
Properties on Rational Numbers
 The sum of two rational numbers is always rational.
 The product of two rational numbers is always rational.
 The difference of two rational numbers is always rational.

1ST QUARTER | MODULE 5 IN MATHEMATCS 7: RATIONAL AND IRRATIONAL|MR. FELIX JONES B. BANARES | 25
 UNIVERSIDAD DE STA. ISABEL PILI CAMPUS
San Agustin, Pili, Camarines Sur
SY 2020 - 2021
a b
 If is a non-zero rational number, then is called its reciprocal (or multiplicative
b a
a b
inverse) and × = 1.
b a
a c a d
 ÷ = ×
b d b c
Insert a Fraction between two Given Fractions
a c a+ c a c
If and are any two fractions, then the fraction lies between the given fractions and .
b d b+d b d

Example
3 2
Let
and be two given fractions, then by the above rule we conclude that the fraction
5 3
2+3 5 3 2 2 5 3
or lies between the fractions and .(That is, > > ).
3+5 8 5 3 3 8 5
Operations on Rational Numbers
a c
For any two rational numbers and , we define:
b d
a c ad +bc
a. Addition: + =
b d bd
1 2 5+6 11 1 1 2+ 4 6 3
Example: + = = and + = = =
3 5 15 15 4 2 8 8 4

a c ad−bc
b. Subtraction:
- =
b d bd
5 1 25−6 19 1 1 6−3 3 1
Example: − = = and − = = =
6 5 30 30 3 6 18 18 6

a c ac
× =
c. Multiplication:
b d bd
2 4 8 3 1 3 1
Example: × = and × = =¿
3 5 15 5 3 15 5

a c a d ad
÷ = × =
d. Division: where c ≠ 0∧d ≠ 0
b d b c bc
7 7 7 2 14 1
Example: ÷ = × = = ; and
8 2 8 7 56 4

12 6 12 8 96 4
÷ = × = =
Illustration 20 8 20 6 120 5

Addition Multiplication
1. Closure: 1. Closure:
a+ b is unique rational number a × b is unique rational number
1 1 3 1 1 1
Ex: + = is a rational number Ex: × = is a rational number
2 4 4 2 4 8
2. Commutative: 2. Commutative:
a+ b=b+a a × b=b× a
2 3 3 2 2 3 3 2
Ex: + = + Ex: × = ×
5 7 7 5 5 7 7 5

1ST QUARTER | MODULE 5 IN MATHEMATCS 7: RATIONAL AND IRRATIONAL|MR. FELIX JONES B. BANARES | 26
 UNIVERSIDAD DE STA. ISABEL PILI CAMPUS
San Agustin, Pili, Camarines Sur
SY 2020 - 2021
3. Associative: 3. Associative:
( a+ b ) +c=a+ ( b+c ) ( a × b ) +c=a+ ( b ×c )
4 2 1 4 2 1 4 2 1 4 2 1
Ex: ( )
+ + = + +
5 7 7 5 7 7 ( ) Ex: ( )
× × = × ×
5 7 7 5 (
7 7 )
4. Identity: 4. Identity:
The additive identity of a rational number is The multiplicative identity of a rational number is 1, that
zero(0), that is; is;
a+ 0=0+ a=a a ×1=1× a=a
3 3 3 3 3 3
Ex: + 0=0+ = Ex: ×1=1× =
10 10 10 10 10 10
5. Additive Inverse: 5. Additive Inverse:
For every positive rational number, there is a For every rational number except 0, there is a rational
negative rational number such that a+ (−a )=0 number which is a reciprocal of the number.
. 1
a b b
1 −1 has the reciprocal a = 1 × = .
Ex:
5
+
5( )
=0 . b
b
a a
3 7 7 3
Ex: × =1, so is the multiplicative inverse of
7 3 3 7
6. Distributive:
a ( b+ c )=( a × b ) +( a× c)
3 2 7 3 2 3 7
Ex:
5 9 8( )(
+ = × +( × )
5 9 )5 8

Irrational Numbers
A number √ a (square root of a ) is called an irrational number if a is positive and a is not a
square of a rational number.
Examples:
7 √5
1. √ 2 , √ 3 , √ 5 ,
√ ,
2 2
are positive irrational numbers.

7
Similarly,−√ 2 ,−√ 5 ,−
2 √
, etc., are negative irrational numbers.

16 16 4 2
However, numbers such as √ 4 , √ 9 ,
16
25√are not irrational because4=22 , 9=32 , =( ) ,
25 5
that is 4, 9, are the squares of rational numbers.
25

2. The solutions of the equation x 2=k are irrational numbers if k is not a perfect square.

The sum, difference, product, and quotient of a rational numbers and an irrational number
are irrational.
Example:
,∧2
 2 is rational and √ 5 is irrational, but 2+ √ 5 ,2−√ 5 ,2 √ 5
√ 5 are all irrationals.
References:

Yvette, Lim F., et al. Mathematics for Engaged Learning Grade 11. Quezon City: Sibs Publishing House, Inc.,
2016
1ST QUARTER | MODULE 5 IN MATHEMATCS 7: RATIONAL AND IRRATIONAL|MR. FELIX JONES B. BANARES | 27
 UNIVERSIDAD DE STA. ISABEL PILI CAMPUS
San Agustin, Pili, Camarines Sur
SY 2020 - 2021

STUDENT
CODE:

MATHEMATICS 7| Module 5 Worksheet

Name: _______________________________Grade and Section: _______________Date:___________

I. Identify the property illustrated in each sentence.

1 57 2 3 5 2 3 2 5
1. ×
57 1
=1 6. (
5 4 8 5 4)(
+ = × +( × )
5 8 )
2. ( 65 + 52 )+ 72 = 65 +( 52 + 27 ) 7.
1
3
1 1
+ 0=0+ =
3 3

9 8 8 9 1 −1
3. × = ×
11 12 12 11
8.
8 ( )
+
8
=0.

7 7 7 1 3 3
4. ×1=1× = 9. × =
20 20 20 2 2 4

1 1 1 12 3 12
5. + =1 10. × = ×
2 2 8 100 7 100

II. Simplify the following expressions:

1 2 1 3
1. + = 4. ÷ =
2 3 9 6

5 1 2 4 6
2. − = 5. + − =
8 4 8 8 8

3 1
× =
3.
5 8
III. Identify if the number is rational or irrational.
_______________1. −√ 199 _______________6. 1− √ 1

1ST QUARTER | MODULE 5 IN MATHEMATCS 7: RATIONAL AND IRRATIONAL|MR. FELIX JONES B. BANARES | 28
 UNIVERSIDAD DE STA. ISABEL PILI CAMPUS
San Agustin, Pili, Camarines Sur
SY 2020 - 2021
5
_______________2. _______________7. 3+ √ 5
8
1
_______________3. _______________8. −√ 4
2
_______________4. 0.67 _______________9.
√7
2
9 √4
_______________5.
√ 9
_______________10.
2

IV. Let’s Reflect:

Natural Numbers such as 1, 2, 3, 4 …, Whole Numbers such as 0 and the counting numbers, Integers
which are the positive, zero and negative numbers, Fraction which has numerator and denominator and
Decimals that can be terminating or repeating decimals are belong to Rational Numbers. In connection with
this, Rational and Irrational Number are under the Real Numbers. It seems that those numbers leads by the
real numbers forms a family, called the real number system. All of them are very essential and serve as one of
Foundation in Mathematics.
Show the Your own Family by making a unique family tree with the use of diagram used in visual
representation of real number system.

MY OWN FAMILY

1ST QUARTER | MODULE 5 IN MATHEMATCS 7: RATIONAL AND IRRATIONAL|MR. FELIX JONES B. BANARES | 29
 UNIVERSIDAD DE STA. ISABEL PILI CAMPUS
San Agustin, Pili, Camarines Sur
SY 2020 - 2021

How did you perform on the activities in this module? Assess yourself by ticking the box of your answer
below:

You have reached the I am confident and proud of my work. end of Module
5. Detach this answer I did well on some parts of the module. sheet
/worksheet from the set. It was fine. Only this sheet
will be returned to your I will do better next time. teacher on the
next scheduled dropping of modules.

1ST QUARTER | MODULE 5 IN MATHEMATCS 7: RATIONAL AND IRRATIONAL|MR. FELIX JONES B. BANARES | 30