Differential Equations - Answers To

Self-Study Problems
Maksat Ashyraliyev
Associate Professor, Dr.
MAT2062
Bahcesehir University

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Answers to Self-Study Problems M.Ashyraliyev

1 Introduction, Elementary Concepts

Problem 1.1.
a) ODE; second order; linear b) PDE

c) ODE; first order; nonlinear d) ODE; first order; linear

e) ODE; third order; linear f) ODE; second order; nonlinear

g) PDE h) ODE; third order; nonlinear

i) ODE; second order; nonlinear k) ODE; second order; linear

Problem 1.2. -

Problem 1.3.
2 1 1
a) r = b) r1 = , r2 = −
3 2 2
√ √
−3 + 57 −3 − 57
c) r1 = 1, r2 = −2 d) r1 = , r2 =
6 6

Problem 1.4.
π
a) C = 6 b) C = −56 c) C = 17 d) C = e) C = −π
4

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Answers to Self-Study Problems M.Ashyraliyev

2 Integrals as General and Particular So-

lutions
Problem 2.1.
(x − 2)2 1  3/2 
a) y(x) = 1 + b) y(x) = 2x − 16
3 3
1 √
c) y(x) = 6 − d) y(x) = 2 x + 2 − 5
x
1 2
3/2 
e) y(x) = x +9 − 125 f) y(x) = 10 arctan x
3
sin 2x
g) y(x) = +1 h) y(x) = arcsin x
2
−x x2 (2 ln x − 1) + 5
i) y(x) = 2 − (x + 1)e k) y(x) =
4

Problem 2.2.

2 t3
a) x(t) = −10t − 15t + 5 b) x(t) = + 5t
2
t3 t2 (t + 3)4
c) x(t) = + − 7t + 4 d) x(t) = − 37t − 26
3 2 3
 
4 29 1 1
e) x(t) = (t + 4)3/2 − 5t − f) x(t) = +t−1
3 3 2 t+1

g) x(t) = 8 − 2 sin 5t

Problem 2.3. In 10 seconds the car has traveled 200 ft.

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Answers to Self-Study Problems M.Ashyraliyev

3 Separable Equations
Problem 3.1.
2 1
a) y(x) = Ce−x b) y(x) =
x2 + C

c) y(x) = Ce− cos x d) y(x) = C(1 + x)4

√ 
3/2
2
e) y(x) = sin (C + x) f) y(x) = x + C
 3/2
4/3
g) y(x) = 2x +C h) y(x) = arcsin (x2 + C)

C(1 + x) 1+x
i) y(x) = k) y(x) = −1
1−x 1 + C(1 + x)
1
l) ln 1 + y 2 = x2 + C m) y 2 =


C − x2

n) ln (y 4 + 1) = C + 4 sin x o) 3y + 2y 3/2 = 3x + 2x3/2 + C

1 2 1 p
p) − = + ln |x| + C q) sec y = C 1 + x2
3y 3 y x
x2
 
1
r) ln |1 + y| = x + +C s) y(x) = tan C − x −
2 x
√
 
x2 −16 y Cx
t) y(x) = Ce u) (y − 1)e = ln √
x2 + 1

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Answers to Self-Study Problems M.Ashyraliyev

Problem 3.2.
ex
 π 3
a) y(x) = 2e b) y(x) = tan x +
4
q p 4
−x
c) y(x) = 1 + x2 − 16 d) y(x) = −3ex
1 π
1 + e2x−2


e) y(x) = f) y(x) = sin x
2 2
2
−1 1
g) y(x) = xex h) y(x) =
1 − x2 − x3
√
i) y(x) = ln 3e2x − 2



k) y(x) = arctan x − 1
 2
x
 2 − 6 sin4 x
l) y(x) = arcsin e − 1 m) y(x) =
1 + 3 sin4 x

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Answers to Self-Study Problems M.Ashyraliyev

4 Existence and Uniqueness of Solutions

Problem 4.1.
a) Both existence and uniqueness are guaranteed
b) Both existence and uniqueness are guaranteed
c) Both existence and uniqueness are guaranteed
d) Existence is guaranteed, uniqueness is not guaranteed
e) Existence is not guaranteed
f) Both existence and uniqueness are guaranteed
g) Both existence and uniqueness are guaranteed
h) Existence is not guaranteed
i) Both existence and uniqueness are guaranteed
k) Both existence and uniqueness are guaranteed
l) Both existence and uniqueness are guaranteed
m) Both existence and uniqueness are guaranteed
n) Both existence and uniqueness are guaranteed
o) Existence is not guaranteed

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Answers to Self-Study Problems M.Ashyraliyev

5 Linear First Order Equations

Problem 5.1.
2
a) y(x) = (x2 + C)e−3x b) y(x) = (x + C)ex
√ C C
c) y(x) = 5 x + √ d) y(x) = 3x + √
x 3
x

e) y(x) = 3x3 + Cx3/2 f) y(x) = x2 (sin x + C)

sin x
h) y(x) = x3 2 + Ce−2x


g) y(x) = + C csc x
2
1 2
 
i) y(x) = + Ce−x k) y(x) = (x + 1) (x − 2)e + C x
2
x2
+C 1
l) y(x) = 2 2x m) y(x) = 1 + Ce x
xe

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Answers to Self-Study Problems M.Ashyraliyev

Problem 5.2.
a) y(x) = 2 1 − e−x b) y(x) = 3xe2x

4 32
c) y(x) = x + d) y(x) = x2 +
x2 x5

e) y(x) = x(7 + ln x) f) y(x) ≡ 0

x5 56 ex + e−x
g) y(x) = − 3 h) y(x) =
4 x 2
2
1 − 5e−x
i) y(x) = x3 (ln x + 10) k) y(x) =
2
1 + sin x
l) y(x) = 1 + e− sin x m) y(x) =
1+x
1 2
n) y(x) = −1 + ex+ 2 x o) y(x) = x3 sin x

−3/2
2 1 + 16 x2 + 4
p) y(x) = x3 + 5 ex


q) y(x) =
3
 

3/2  3 2 1 75
r) y(x) = 3 x + 12
− 2 e− 2 x s) y(x) = 1+ 2
4 (x + 1)2

Problem 5.3.


y2 y y + 1 + y 2 (arctan y + C)
 
a) x(y) = C + e b) x(y) =
2 2

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Answers to Self-Study Problems M.Ashyraliyev

6 Substitution Methods, Homogeneous Equa-

tions, Bernoulli Equations
Problem 6.1.
a) x2 − 2xy − y 2 = C b) y 2 = x2 (ln x + C)
y 
c) y(x) = x(C + ln |x|)2 = ln y 2 + x2 + C


d) 2 arctan
x
x
e) ln |xy| = C + f) 2y ln y = x + Cy
y

g) y 3 = 3x3 (C + ln |x|) h) y(x) = −x ln (C − ln x)

x
i) y = C x2 + y 2


j) y(x) =
C − ln |x|

k) x2 + 2y 2 = Cx6 l) 4x2 + y 2 = x2 (ln x + C)2

p p
m) y + x2 + y 2 = Cx2 n) x − x2 + y 2 = C
y 
o) x2 2xy + y 2 = C


p) sin = Cx
x

q) y 2 + xy = Cx3 r) y 2 = 2x2 (ln y + C)

3/2 p
s) y 2 + x2 = x3 ln (Cx3 ) t) x + x2 − y 2 = C

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Answers to Self-Study Problems M.Ashyraliyev

Problem 6.2.
x 2
a) y 2 = b) y 3 = 3 + Ce−3x
2 + Cx5
1 7x
c) y 2 = d) y 3 =
Ce−2x − 1 Cx7 + 15
x 2 e2x
e) y(x) = f) y =
x+C C + ln x
p
3 3
g) 2x y = 3 1 + x4 + C h) y 3 = (x + C)e−x
1
i) y 3 = x4 + Cx j) y 2 =
1 + Cx2
1 2
k) 3
= 2x6 + Cx3 l) y 4 = 2 + Ce−8x
y
C 1
m) y 2 = 2 + n) y(x) =
xex x2 (1 − ln x) + Cx

Problem 6.3.
p  p 
a) x = 2 x + y + 1 − 2 ln 1 + x + y + 1 + C

b) y(x) = −4x + 2 tan (2x + C)

c) y = ln (x + y + 1) + C

d) y(x) = ln Cx2 + x2 e2x

e) sin2 y = 4x2 + Cx

f) x2 − 2xey − e2y = C

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Answers to Self-Study Problems M.Ashyraliyev

Problem 6.4.
p
a) y(x) = 5x3 − x2 b) x2 − 2xy − y 2 = 1
 1/4
15 4
c) y(x) = x2 + 2 d) y(x) =
x x3 − 4x2 + 4x

2
e) (y + 2x)2 = 12(y − x) f) 2 y 2 + 3xy + 3x2 = 9x5

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