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Solution 7

The document discusses the equation and parameters for calculating the useful energy produced and efficiency of a flat plate solar collector. The key parameters that influence collector performance are input temperature, ambient temperature, and solar irradiance. Collector efficiency depends on these temperatures and irradiance as well as heat loss coefficient and is typically graphed against the temperature difference divided by irradiance.

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Chiranjib Mukherjee
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16 views2 pages

Solution 7

The document discusses the equation and parameters for calculating the useful energy produced and efficiency of a flat plate solar collector. The key parameters that influence collector performance are input temperature, ambient temperature, and solar irradiance. Collector efficiency depends on these temperatures and irradiance as well as heat loss coefficient and is typically graphed against the temperature difference divided by irradiance.

Uploaded by

Chiranjib Mukherjee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Solution:

The equation for useful energy produced by a solar thermal collector is given in question as:

Qu=Ac[Fr(Ƭα)Ir- FrUL(Ti-Ta)]

Where Fr= Heat Removal factor; Ti=Input temperature; Ta =Ambient temperature

Ac= Collector Area in m2 ; Ir =Incident Solar Radiation intensity in Watt/m2;

UL=Collector efficiency parameters or Heat loss coefficient;


Ƭα=Heat removal factor

Now collector array efficiency is defined as the amount of energy delivered by the collector array
divided by the amount of solar energy striking the array.

Thus, Efficiency η = Qu/ Ac Ir= Ac[Fr(αƬ)Ir- FrUL(Ti-Ta)]/ Ac Ir

Or, η= [Fr(αƬ)Ir- FrUL(Ti-Ta)]/Ir


Parameters on which performance of flat plate collector depends

Factor which influences the efficiency are Ti, Ta, Ir.Thus efficiency is typically graphed

as Ti-Ta/ Ir.Apart from these parameters UL also influences efficiency.


Performance test of solar flat plate collector

A flat plate solar collector (FPC) has thermal radiation-absorbing panels through which a liquid

coolant flows, cooling the plate and warming the liquid. The panel is housed in a heat-insulated,

glass-covered box that allows the passage of solar radiation on top. The box adds structural
integrity. The surface of the solar collector is a blackened sheet of heat-conducting metal that
acts as a number of parallel fins to conduct heat to small tubes through which the coolant
flows. The coolant for the present experiment is a water-glycol mixture, which freezes at much
below 0◦C protecting the liquid in normally freezing temperatures. The sun’s solar radiation
passes through the top cover of glass, which has high transitivity. About 95% of the radiation
incident on the top cover passes through to the absorber surface. The remaining 5% of the
radiation is reflected back to the surroundings. As solar radiation strikes the absorber, it is
turned into thermal energy producing high temperatures at the centers of the fins. The high
temperature caused by the absorption of solar radiation causes heat to flow from the hot fins
to the coolant. The high temperatures of the fins also cause heat loss through the top, back,
and sides of the FPC. Fortunately, the heat loss through the back and sides is made small by
insulating the outer edges and back of the FPC. Heat loss through the top is a combination of
convection and radiation heat transfer acting along parallel paths. The convection is forced
convection at the surface of the glass exposed to the ambient weather, and free convection
between the absorber and the glass top.

The useful power, Qu, of a FPC is measured by the change in temperature of the coolant
moving through the collector, Ti-Ta,and the following formula is expressed.

Qu=Ac[Fr(Ƭα)Ir- FrUL(Ti-Ta)]
The efficiency of the FPC is the ratio of the useful power to the radiant power incident on its top
surface.The latter is measured by a pyranometer. A pyranometer measures both beam and
diffuse solar radiation. Beam, or direct, radiation is that which comes directly from the sun.
Diffuse radiation is that which comes from all sources except the solar disk, namely from the
sky and ground reflection. Both beam and diffuse solar radiation are in units of W/m2 (or flux).
The efficiency is dimensionless and can never be greater than 1, since the amount of useful
power can never be more than the amount of power from the incident solar radiation.

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