12

GENERAL PHYSICS 1

QUARTER 1

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

 GENERAL PHYSICS I

Name: Grade Level:

Date: Score:

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

SPEED, VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION

Background Information for the Learners (BIL)

MOTION
The world and everything in it moves. A bus travelling from Cagayan to
Isabela is slowing down because a passenger has reached his destination; the
speeding down of rain from the atmosphere; the trajectory of a volleyball ball
after it has been thrown vertically upward; and even seemingly stationary
objects like a Physics book on top of a study table or even a roadway. All these
examples and many more moves with Earth’s rotation and revolution around
the sun. Kinematics is the study of the classification and comparisons of
motion.
This module dealing with the discussion of motion is restricted in three
ways.
• Motion involved is along a straight line only. The line may be
vertical, horizontal, or slanted.
• The slowing down, speeding up, stopping or reversing of direction
of an object including the time involve in changing direction are
the only concern of this material.
• The moving object must be a particle or an object that moves like
a particle.
 POSITION, DISPLACEMENT AND DISTANCE
Suppose you were asked to give a direction regarding the location of the
DepEd Office - Schools Division of Cagayan. Surely you will be answering that

it is approximately 500 meters away from GSIS office but you will never say it
is 500 meters only.

In locating an object or a place means finding its position relative to some

reference point often origin (zero point) of an axis. The positive direction of the
axis is increasing numbers which is to the right while the opposite is the negative
direction.

Figure 1. Position is determined on

an axis that is marked in units of
length and that extends

When an object moves from Point A to Point B, the total length

travelled is the distance (SI unit is meter) It is a scalar quantity.

Knowing how far something moves is not sufficient. You must also know
in what direction the object moved. This is known as displacement.
Displacement is a vector quantity. It has both magnitude and direction.
 AVERAGE SPEED AND AVERAGE VELOCITY
Cagayan Valley is often visited by strong typhoons every year which
causes great damage to infrastructure and agriculture. Weather forecasts often
talks about the speed of a certain typhoon and its direction. These allow
Cagayanos to estimate time of arrival of the typhoon in our place and prepare
for the worst scenario.
Speed is defined as the distance travelled in a unit time. To be more
precise, the average speed is obtained by dividing the total distance covered
by the corresponding time. The mathematical description of speed is given by
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑑
𝑠𝑎𝑣𝑒 = = Equation 1
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡

𝑚
where 𝑠𝑎𝑣𝑒 is the average speed. The SI unit for speed is .
𝑠
Velocity is the ratio of the displacement that occurs during a particular
time interval. To be more precise, we use the average velocity. The
mathematical description of velocity is given by

𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝛥𝑥 𝑥2 – 𝑥1
𝑣𝑎𝑣𝑒 = 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
= 𝛥𝑡
=
𝑡2 – 𝑡1
Equation 2
𝑚
Where 𝑣𝑎𝑣𝑒 is the average velocity. The SI unit for speed is along
𝑠

with a specific direction because velocity is a vector quantity. It must have a

magnitude and a direction
Examples

1. You have trained all year for a marathon. In your first attempt to run a
marathon, you decide that you want to complete a 42.195 km in 2 hours.
What would your average speed be?
Solution
1000 𝑚
𝑑 42.195 𝑘𝑚∗
𝑠𝑎𝑣𝑒 = = 1 𝑘𝑚
3600 𝑠 = 5.86 𝑚⁄𝑠
𝑡 2 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠∗
1 ℎ𝑟

2. Suppose you are walking home after school. The distance from school to
your home is 1.5 kilometres. On foot, you can get home in 25 minutes.
However, if you rode a bicycle, you could get home in 10 minutes. What is
your average speed while walking?
Solution
1000 𝑚
𝑑 1.5 𝑘𝑚∗
𝑠𝑎𝑣𝑒 = = 1 𝑘𝑚
60 𝑠 = 1 𝑚⁄𝑠
𝑡 25 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠∗
1 𝑚𝑖𝑛

The average speed while walking is 1 𝑚⁄𝑠 .

a. What is your average speed while bicycling?

Solution
1000 𝑚
𝑑 1.5 𝑘𝑚∗
𝑠𝑎𝑣𝑒 = = 1 𝑘𝑚
60 𝑠 = 2.5 𝑚⁄𝑠
𝑡 10 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠∗
1 𝑚𝑖𝑛

The average speed while bicycling is 2.5 𝑚⁄𝑠.

b. How much faster do you travel on your bicycle?

Solution
𝑚
𝑑 2.5
𝑆
𝑠𝑎𝑣𝑒 = 𝑡
= 𝑚 = = 2.5 times faster
1
𝑆
You are 2.50 times faster when you travel on your bicycle.
3. Kath and Yelena always play tennis every Sunday afternoon. When Kath
serves the ball to Yelena, it travels 9.5 meters south in 2.1 seconds. What
is the velocity of the tennis ball?

Solution
𝛥𝑥 9.5 𝑚
𝑣𝑎𝑣𝑒 = = = 4.52 𝑚⁄𝑠
𝛥𝑡 2.1 𝑠

The velocity of the tennis ball is 4.52 𝑚 due south.

4. A motorized balangay travels east across the Cagayan river at 15 meters

per minute. If the river is 425 meters wide, how long does it take for the
balangay to reach the other side?
 Solution
4250
𝛥𝑡 = 𝑚 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 1700 𝑠 𝑜𝑟 0.47 ℎ𝑟
8∗ ∗
𝑚𝑖𝑛 60 𝑠

ACCELERATION
When the velocity of a particle is changing, its motion is said to be
accelerated. Just as the velocity is the time rate of change of displacement,
acceleration is the time rate of change of velocity. The mathematical
description of acceleration is given by

𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝛥𝑣 𝑣𝑓 – 𝑣𝑖
𝑎= = = Equation 3
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝛥𝑡 𝑡𝑓 – 𝑡𝑖

where a is the acceleration. A positive acceleration means that the object is

accelerating while a negative acceleration means that the object is
decelerating.

Examples

1. A bus travelling from Pamplona to Tuguegarao City travels from 4.47 𝑚

𝑠

to 17 𝑚 in 3 seconds. What is the acceleration of the bus?

𝑠

Solution
𝑚 𝑚
𝑣𝑓 – 𝑣𝑖 17 −4.47
𝑎= = 𝑠 𝑠
= 4.18 𝑚⁄𝑠 2
𝑡 𝑓 – 𝑡𝑖 3𝑠

2. A driver starts his park car and within 4.6 seconds, reaches a velocity of

15 𝑚. What is the acceleration of the car?

𝑠

Solution
𝑚 𝑚
𝑣𝑓 – 𝑣𝑖 15 −0
𝑎= = 𝑠 𝑠
= 3.26 𝑚⁄𝑠 2
𝑡 𝑓 – 𝑡𝑖 4.6 𝑠

UNIFORMLY ACCELERATED MOTION

Consider a body moving along the positive x direction. Taking a
general case, we assume that at the initial instant when t = 0, the initial
position and velocity are given by xi and vi. Also let v be the velocity at any
arbitrary time t. the acceleration is given by
 𝛥𝑣 𝑣𝑓 – 𝑣𝑖
𝑎= = or 𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣 𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡 Equation 4
𝛥𝑡 𝑡𝑓 – 0

Equation 4 says that the velocity at any instant is equal to the initial velocity
plus the change in velocity during this interval, which is ∆𝑣 or a•t. Since the
acceleration is constant, the average velocity is just the mean of the initial
and final values or
1
𝑣𝑎𝑣𝑒 =
2
(𝑣𝑖 − 𝑣𝑓 ) Equation 5

The final displacement is equal to the initial displacement plus the additional
displacement in the interval, that is
𝑥𝑓 = 𝑥 𝑖 + ∆𝑥= 𝑥 𝑖 + 𝑣 𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑡 Equation 6
Substituting equation 5 in equation 6 gives
1
𝑋 𝑓 = 𝑥𝑖 + 2
(𝑣𝑖 + 𝑣𝑓 )𝑡

or using equation 4 gives

1
𝑋 𝑓 = 𝑥𝑖 + 2
(𝑣𝑖 + 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡)𝑡

or
1
𝑋 𝑓 = 𝑥𝑖 + 𝑣 𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2 Equation 7
2

Squaring both sides of equation 4 gives

𝑣𝑓2 = 𝑣 𝑖2 + 2𝑣 𝑖 •𝑎𝑡 +(𝑎𝑡) 2

or
1
𝑣𝑓2 = 𝑣𝑖2 + 2𝑎 (𝑣𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2 )
2
From equation 7, this is
𝑣𝑓2 = 𝑣 𝑖2 + 2𝑎 (𝑥 𝑓 − 𝑥 𝑖) Equation 8
The usefulness of equation 8 is due to the absence of the variable t.
Without loss of generality, the body is at the origin and 𝑥 𝑖 = 0. equation 8
will become
𝑣𝑓2 = 𝑣 𝑖
2 + 2𝑎𝑥 𝑓 Equation 9
 The summary of the equation is given in Table 1.

Table 1. Kinematical Equations for Uniformly Accelerated Motion

Equation number Equation
Equation 4
Equation 5
𝑣𝑎𝑣𝑒 = (𝑣𝑖 + 𝑣 𝑓)
2
Equation 7

Equation 9 𝑣 𝑓2 = 𝑣 𝑖2 + 2𝑎𝑥 𝑓

Examples
1. A car starts from rest and is given a uniform acceleration of 2 𝑚2. Find
𝑠

(a) its velocity after 5 seconds and (b) the distance travelled during
this time.
a. Solution
𝑚 𝑚 𝑚
𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣 𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡= 0 + [(2 ) ∗ (5𝑠)] = 10
𝑠 𝑠2 𝑠

b. Solution
If the car is assumed to be at the origin when t = 0 and xi = 0.
1 2
𝑋 𝑓 = 𝑥𝑖 + 𝑣 𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡
2
𝑚 1 m
𝑋𝑓 = 0 𝑚 + ⟮(0 𝑠 ) ∗ (0 𝑠)⟯ + {2 ⟮(2 ) ∗ (5𝑠)2 = 25 m
s2
2. A bullet is fired from a 45-calibre gun by Cardo of ‘Ang Probinsyano’.
Supposed that the bullet is moving at a velocity of 600 mph and is shot
through a 0.25 m wall. The bullet emerges from the wall with a velocity
of 250 mph. Find the (a) acceleration experienced by the bullet while
passing through the sheet and (b) time taken by the electron to pass
through the sheet assuming that the acceleration of the electron is
constant.
𝑚𝑖 1609.344 𝑚 1 ℎ𝑟 𝑚
𝑣𝑖 = 600 ∗ ∗ =268.22
ℎ𝑟 1 𝑚𝑖 3600𝑠 𝑠
𝑚𝑖 1609.344 𝑚 1 ℎ𝑟 𝑚
𝑣𝑓 =250 ∗ ∗ = 111.76
ℎ𝑟 1 𝑚𝑖 3600𝑠 𝑠

a. Solution
From equation 9, we have
𝑣𝑓2 = 𝑣 𝑖2 + 2𝑎𝑥 𝑓
𝑚 2 𝑚
𝑣𝑓2 − 𝑣𝑖2 (111.76 ) − (268.22 )2 𝑚
𝑎 = = 𝑠 𝑠
= –1.19 x 105
2𝑥𝑓 2∗(0.25 𝑚) 𝑠

The negative sign indicates that the bullet has lost

speed/velocity while passing through the wall, that is, it was
decelerated.

b. Solution
From equation 4, we have
𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣 𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡
𝑚 2 𝑚
𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑖 (111.76 ) − (268.22 )2
𝑡 = = 𝑠
𝑚
𝑠
= 1.31 x 10−3 𝑠
𝑎 –1.19 x 105
𝑠
Learning Competency:
Convert verbal description of a physical situation involving uniform acceleration
in one dimension into a mathematical description (STEM_GP12KIN-Ib-12)

Activity 1: SPEED, VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION

Directions: Read carefully each of the following items. Choose the letter that
correspond to the best answer and write it on the answer sheet.
1. Alejandro travels 2 km north, then 3 km east and finally 2 km south.
Which statement is TRUE about Alejandro’s travel? Alejandro’s
.
a. displacement is 2km west from his origin.
b. position is now 3km east from where he started.
c. displacement is 7km.
d. displacement is 3km due east.
2. Velocity is a measure of .
a. change in position during change in time
b. the slope of a position-time graph
c. displacement during an interval of time
d. all of the above
𝑚 𝑚
3. A car accelerates from 0 𝑠
to 25 𝑠
in 5 seconds. What is the average
acceleration of the car?
𝑚 𝑚
a. 30 𝑠
c. 50 𝑠
𝑚 𝑚
b. 125 𝑠
d. 5 𝑠

4. Which scenario represents an instant of time?

a. A long distance runner from Cagayan National High School
crosses the finish line at 1 hour and 37 minutes.
b. The Schools Division Superintendent takes a 5 hour trip from
Tuguegarao City to Santiago City, Isabela to attend a
conference.
 c. An ambulance with a Covid-19 patient drives for three hours to
Cagayan Valley Medical Centre.
d. A student leaves home at 6:00 AM and gets to school at 7:00
AM to so that he can attend the flag ceremony

5. A bicyclist covers 96.56km between 2 pm and 6 pm. What was his

average speed?
𝑚 𝑚
a. 6.71 c. 15
𝑠 𝑠

𝑚 𝑚
b. 45 d. 3.32
𝑠 𝑠

Activity 2: AVERAGE SPEED AND AVERAGE VELOCITY

Directions: Read carefully each of the following problems. To earn full marks
when solving word problems, you MUST SHOW ALL YOUR WORK. This must
include all the components specified below.
• Full • Correct values • Correct answer, • Correct
formula
inserted into the rounded to two metric
formula from the decima places units
word problem

A. Average Speed
1. Calculate the speed for a car that went a distance of 125 kilometres in 2
hours time.
2. A baseball thrown a distance of 20 meters. What is its speed if it takes 0.5
seconds to cover the distance?

3. How much time does it take for a bird flying at a speed of 45 kilometresper hour
to travel a distance of 1800 kilometres?

4. A comet is cruising through the Solar System at a speed of 50,000

kilometres per hour for 4 hours time. What is total distance travelled by the
comet during this time?

5. If it takes Shirly 3 seconds to run from the batter’s box to first base at an
average speed of 6.5 meters per second, what is the distance she
covers in that time?
B. Average Velocity
1. An airplane flies 650 kilometres east in 1.2 hours. What is the airplane’s
velocity?

2. Yelena’s mother drives 12 km southwest to Robinson’s mall. What is

the velocity of her mother’s automobile if she arrives at the mall in 6
minutes?

3. Karl walks to a friend house. He walks 1200 metres north, and then he
realizes he walked too far. He turns around and walks 350 metres south.
The entire walk takes him 25 minutes. What is Karl’s velocity?

4. A particle is displaced 60 cm to the north and then is given a second

displacement of 90 cm directly to the east. What is the average velocityof
the particle if it covers the entire displacement within within 2.15
seconds?
 5. Liam jogs 2.5 km west and 4.5 km south. If the entire jogs took 30
minutes, what is Liam’s average velocity?

Activity 3: ACCELARATION
Directions: Read carefully each of the following problems. To earn full marks
when solving word problems, you MUST SHOW ALL YOUR WORK. This must
include all the components specified below.

• Full • Correct values • Correct answer, • Correct

formula
inserted into the rounded to two metric
formula from the decima places units
word problem

𝑚
1. A roller coasters velocity at the top of a hill is 8 . 1.65 seconds later, it
𝑠

reaches the bottom of the hill with a velocity of 33.45 . What was the
acceleration of the coaster?
 2. A car travelling at 15 km per hour starts to decelerate steadily. It comes
to a complete stop in 15 seconds. What is the car’s acceleration?

𝑚
3. A Toyota Altis has an initial velocity of 5.76 𝑠 , and accelerates at a rate
𝑚
of 67.45 for 2.13 seconds, what will its final velocity be?
𝑠

𝑚 𝑚
4. A housefly accelerates from 1.24 to 6.86 in 2.54 seconds. What is
𝑠 𝑠

the housefly’s average acceleration?

 5. A cable car quickly speeds up down a slope. As it starts down a slope,
𝑚
its velocity is 5.69 . But 1.0 seconds later, at the bottom of the
𝑠
𝑚
slope, its velocity became 16.2 . What is the average acceleration of
𝑠

the cable car?

Activity 4: UNIFROMLY ACCELERATED MOTION

Directions: Read carefully each of the following problems. To earn full marks when

solving word problems, you MUST SHOW ALL YOUR WORK. This mustinclude all

the components specified below.

• Full • Correct values • Correct answer, • Correct

formula inserted into rounded to two metric units
the formula decima
from the word places
problem

1. The velocity of a train changes from 0 𝑚𝑠 to 60 𝑘𝑚

ℎ𝑟
in 20 seconds. Assuming
𝑚
that it is uniformly accelerated, what is the acceleration in ?
𝑚2
2. Starting from rest, a train is uniformly accelerated and reaches a velocity of
𝑘𝑚
20 after 15 seconds. What is its acceleration?
ℎ𝑟

𝑚
3. A car starting from rest is given a constant acceleration of 5 𝑚2.
𝑚
a. In how many seconds will it attain a velocity of 100 𝑠 ?
b. How far will it have travelled in this same time?

4. The brakes of an automobile are suddenly applied at the instant whenits

𝑚
velocity is 20 𝑠 . If the automobile comes to a stop after 5 second, what

is its acceleration?
 𝑚
5. An electron which is moving with a velocity of 10, 000 is accelerated at
𝑠
𝑚
8.0 x 104 by an electric field. What is the velocity acquired by the
𝑠

electron after it has travelled 1 cm?

 GENERAL PHYSICS I
Name: Grade Level:
Date: Score:

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

AREAS UNDER THE VELOCITY-TIME CURVE AND
ACCELERATION-TIME CURVE

Background Information for the Learners (BIL)

A plot of velocity-time can be used to determine the acceleration of an

object (the slope). In this part of the lesson, we will learn how a plot of velocity
versus time can also be used to determine the displacement of an object. For
velocity versus time graphs, the area bound by the line and the axes represents
the displacement. The diagram below shows three different velocity-time
graphs; the shaded regions between the line and the time-axis represent the
displacement during the stated time interval.

A. Rectangle
Consider the graph of a velocity vs time graph below.
The shaded area is the displacement
from time 0 second to 6 seconds. In
finding for the area of a rectangle, we
use the equation
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑐 =𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 ∗ ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡=𝑏 ∗ ℎ

Graph 1. Velocity vs Time Graph

Examples:

1. From time 0 second to 6 seconds, the object is moving at a constant

velocity of 30 meters per second. Find the displacement of the object.
𝐴 𝑟𝑒𝑐 =𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 ∗ ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡=𝑏 ∗ ℎ
= (6 seconds) * (30𝑚)
𝑠

= 180 m

Graph 2. Velocity vs Time Graph

2. Determine the displacement of the object during the first 4 seconds.

𝐴 𝑟𝑒𝑐 =𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 ∗ ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡=𝑏 ∗ ℎ
= (4 seconds) * (30𝑚)
𝑠

= 120 m

Graph 3. Velocity vs Time Graph

3. Determine the displacement of the object from 3 seconds to 6

seconds.
𝐴 𝑟𝑒𝑐 =𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 ∗ ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡=𝑏 ∗ ℎ
= (3 seconds) * (30𝑚)
𝑠

= 90 m

Graph 4. Velocity vs Time Graph

B. Triangle

Consider the graph of a velocity vs time graph below.

The shaded area is the displacement from
time 0 second to 4 seconds. In finding for
the area of a rectangle, we use the
equation
1
𝐴𝑡𝑟𝑖 = ∗ 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 ∗ ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
2

Graph 5. Velocity vs Time Graph

Examples
1. From time 0 seconds to 4 seconds, find the displacement of an object
moving at a velocity of 40m/s to 0m/s.
1
𝐴𝑡𝑟𝑖 = ∗ 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 ∗ ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
2

= 1 ∗ 4𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 ∗ 40 𝑚/𝑠
2

= 80 m

Graph 6. Velocity vs Time Graph

2. Determine the displacement of an object during the first second.

1
𝐴𝑡𝑟𝑖 = ∗ 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 ∗ ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
2
= 1 ∗1𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 ∗10 𝑚/𝑠
2

=5m
Graph 7. Velocity vs Time Graph
 3. Determine the displacement of an object during the first second.

1
𝐴𝑡𝑟𝑖 = ∗ 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 ∗ ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
2
= 1 ∗3 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 ∗30 𝑚/𝑠
2

= 45 m
Graph 8. Velocity vs Time Graph

C. Trapezoid

Consider the graph of a velocity vs time graph below.

The shaded area is the displacement from
time 0 second to 4 seconds. In finding for
the area of a rectangle, we use the
equation
1
𝐴𝑡𝑟𝑎 = ∗ 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 ∗(ℎ 1 + ℎ 2)
Graph 9. Velocity vs Time Graph 2

Examples:
1. From time 1 second to 3 seconds, find the displacement of an object
moving at a velocity of 10 m/s to 30 m/s.
1
𝐴𝑡𝑟𝑎 = ∗ 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 ∗(ℎ 1 + ℎ 2)
2
𝑚
=1 ∗ 2 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 ∗(10 + 30𝑚/𝑠)
2 𝑠

= 40 m
Graph 10. Velocity vs Time Graph

2. Determine the displacement of the object given the graph

1
𝐴𝑡𝑟𝑎 = ∗ 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 ∗(ℎ 1 + ℎ 2)
2
𝑚
=1 ∗1 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 ∗(20 + 30𝑚/𝑠)
2 𝑠

= 25 m

Graph 11. Velocity vs Time Graph

 3. Determine the displacement of the object given the graph
1
𝐴𝑡𝑟𝑎 = ∗ 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 ∗(ℎ 1 + ℎ 2)
2
𝑚
=1 ∗ 2 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 ∗(30 + 10𝑚/𝑠)
2 𝑠

= 40 m

Graph 12. Velocity vs Time Graph

Learning Competency:

Interpret displacement and velocity, respectively, as areas under velocity vs.

time and acceleration vs. time curves (STEM_GP12KIN-Ib-14)

Activity 1: TRIANGLE METHOD

Directions: Compute for the displacement of the following graph/problems
using the triangle method. Show your complete solution.
1. Consider the velocity-time graph below.

a. What is the displacement covered from time 0 s to 1 s?

b. What is the displacement covered from time 0 s to 2 s?
c. What is the displacement covered from time 8 s to 9 s?
d. What is the displacement covered from time 10 s to 11 s?
e. What is the displacement covered from time 10 s to 12 s?
2. The graph below shows the velocity-time graph for a football player
during a match played between Team Cagayan and Team Isabela.

a. What is the displacement covered by the player between time 0 s

to 2s?
b. What is the displacement covered by the player between time 7 s
to 10 s?
c. What is the displacement covered by the player between time 12
s to 13s?
d. What is the displacement covered by the player between time 12s
to 14s?
e. What is the displacement covered by the player between time 8 s
to 10 s?
3. The graph below shows a velocity-time graph of an ant travelling at a
straight line.

a. What is the displacement covered by the ant between time 0s to

2s?
b. What is the displacement covered by the ant between time 0s to
3s?
c. What is the displacement covered by the ant between time 6s to
9s?
d. What is the displacement covered by the ant between time 9s to
12s?
e. What is the displacement covered by the ant between time 6s to
12s?
4. The graph below shows a velocity-time graph of a motorcycle travelling
at a straight line.

a. What is the displacement covered by the motorcycle at time 2s to

5s?
b. What is the displacement covered by the motorcycle at time 4s to
5s?
c. What is the displacement covered by the motorcycle at time 3s to
5s?
5. The graph below depicts the velocities of 4 carts (A,B, C, & D) over a 20
second time interval.

a. What is the displacement covered by Cart B from time 0s to 20s?

b. What is the displacement covered by Cart D from time 0s to 10s?
c. What is the displacement covered by Cart D from time 10s to 20s?
d. What is the displacement covered by Cart C from time 0s to 20s?
e. Which of the four carts covered a greater distance during the
whole duration of the trip?
Activity 2: RECTANGLE METHOD
Directions: Compute for the displacement of the following graph/problems
using the rectangle method. Show your complete solution.
1. The graph below shows a velocity-time graph of an ant travelling at a
straight line. What is the displacement of the ant from time 3s to 6s?

2. Consider the velocity-time graph below. What is the displacement from

time 5 s to 8 s?
3. The graph below shows the velocity-time graph for a football player
during a match played between Team Cagayan and Team Isabela. What
is the displacement covered by the player from time 3s to 7s?

4. A kid is trying to cross the street to find for greener forage. The velocity-
time graph of the kid is given below. What is the displacement covered
by the kid from time 3s to 6s?
 5. Consider the graph below. What is the displacement covered between
time 30 min to 45 min?

Activity 3: TRAPEZIOD METHOD

Directions. Compute for the displacement of the following graph/problems
using the trapezoid method. Show your complete solution.
1. The graph below shows the velocity-time graph for car during a road trip
from Tuguegarao City to Claveria, Cagayan. What is the displacement
between time 0s to 23 s?
2. Consider the velocity-time graph below. What is the displacement
covered from time 1s to 4s?

3. The motion graph shown below was created by a car toy.

a. What is the displacement covered by the car toy from time 3s to 5s?
b. What is the displacement covered by the car toy from time 5s to 7s?
c. What is the displacement covered by the car toy from time 20s to
23s?
d. What is the displacement covered by the car toy from time 0s to 5s?
e. What is the displacement covered by the car toy from time 20s to
24s?
4. Consider the graph below. What is the displacement covered between
time 1s to 2s?

5. Consider the graph below. What is the displacement covered between

time 2s to 4s?
 Activity: BRAIN CELL EXERCISE
Directions: Compute for the displacement of the graph below combining the
three methods. Show your complete solution.
1. The graph below shows the motion graph of a turtle. What is the total
displacement covered by the turtle from time 0s to 21s?

2. Supposed you are shopping at Robinson’s Tuguegarao and you

recorded the velocity of your shopping cart. The data is given by
V (m/s) 0 2 2 4 3 3
T (s) 0 2 4 6 8 10

a. Make a velocity vs time graph.

 b. Determine the total displacement covered by the shopping cart
3. Supposed you are done shopping at Robinson’s Tuguegarao and you
wanted to go home. As you were riding on your car, you noted your speed at
various times. The data you recorded is given by
V (m/mi) 30 40 50 50 60 40
T (mi) 0 15 30 45 60 75
a. Make a velocity vs time graph.

b. Determine the total displacement covered by the shopping cart.

 GENERAL PHYSICS I

Name: Grade Level:

Date: Score:

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

SLOPES OF POSITION VS TIME
AND VELOCITY VS TIME GRAPH

Background Information for the Learners (BIL)

Consider a car travelling at a straight high way. We
can describe the motion of the car by treating it as a particle
and confining the one dimension motion to the x-axis. The
positions of the car, with recorded covered distance and arrival time are given
on a number line below.

Figure 1. Position of a car with recorded distance and arrival time

The average velocity is calculated as the ratio between the displacement and
the time interval during the displacement. The mathematical expression for the
average velocity is given by
∆𝑥 𝑥𝑓 − 𝑥 𝑖
𝑣𝑎𝑣𝑒 = =
∆𝑡 𝑡𝑓 − 𝑡𝑖

For example, what is the average velocity of the car from position 1 to position
2?
∆𝑥 5𝑚 −3𝑚 𝑚
𝑣𝑎𝑣𝑒 = = = 0.25
∆𝑡 10𝑠 − 2𝑠 𝑠
How about the average velocity of the car from position 2 to 5?
∆𝑥 20𝑚 −5𝑚 𝑚
𝑣𝑎𝑣𝑒 = = = 0.05
∆𝑡 300𝑠 −10𝑠 𝑠
It should be noted that the average velocity between the positions vary. The
displacement along the x-axis can be graphed as

Graph 1. Position vs Time graph

The average velocity from a coordinate x1 to x2 is known as the slope between

these positions. Mathematically, the derivative of x with respect to t is given by
𝑑𝑦
lim ∆𝑥 = =𝑣

∆𝑡
∆𝑡→0 𝑑𝑥
Consider another position-time graph

Graph 2. Position vs Time graph

The graph of the velocities from the position—time graph is given by

Graph 3. Position vs Time graph

GENERAL ASSUMPTIONS FOR DISPLACEMENT - TIME GRAPH

1. If the displacement has a straight line, velocity is constant.
2. If displacement is increasing, the velocity is positive.
3. If the displacement is decreasing, the velocity is negative.
4. If the displacement is constant, the velocity is equal to zero.
5. Velocity is the slope of a displacement-time graph.

GENERAL ASSUMPTIONS FOR VELOCITY - TIME GRAPH

1. If the velocity is increasing, the acceleration is positive.
2. If the velocity is decreasing, acceleration is negative.
3. If velocity is constant, the acceleration is equal to zero.
4. Instantaneous acceleration is the slope of a velocity-time graph
Examples:
1. Consider the graph below. What is the slope of the graph? Construct
a velocity-time graph and acceleration-time graph. Interpret each
graph

20 m (4,20

Graph 4. Velocity vs Time graph

(0,0) 4s
𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑦2 − 𝑦1 20𝑚 −0𝑚 𝑚
𝑣=𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒= = = =5
𝑟𝑢𝑛 𝑥2 − 𝑥1 4𝑠 −0𝑠 𝑠

The displacement is increasing, so the velocity is positive.

5m

Graph 5. Velocity vs Time graph

The slope of the displacement-time graph is the velocity which is

equal to 5𝑚.
𝑠

t
Graph 6. Acceleration vs Time graph
 The slope of a velocity-time graph is the acceleration. The slope
of a horizontal line is always zero. The acceleration therefore is
zero.

2. Consider the graph below. What is the slope of the graph? Construct
a velocity-time graph and acceleration-time graph. Interpret each
graph

d
Graph 7. Position vs Time
(4,20)
20 m
(0,20)

4s

𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑦2 − 𝑦1 20𝑚 − 20𝑚 𝑚

𝑣=𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒= = = =0
𝑟𝑢𝑛 𝑥2 − 𝑥1 4𝑠 − 20𝑠 𝑠

The displacement has a straight line and is constant so the velocity

is zero.

Graph 8. Velocity vs Time graph

The velocity is zero. The slope is represented by a horizontal line and

is equal to zero because the slope of a horizontal line is always zero.
 a

Graph 9. Acceleration vs Time graph

The slope of a velocity-time graph is acceleration. The slope of a

horizontal line is always zero. The acceleration therefore is zero.

3. Consider the graph below. What is the slope of the graph? Construct
a velocity-time graph and acceleration-time graph. Interpret each
graph

2m (2,2)

2S

Graph 10. Position vs Time graph

𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑦2 − 𝑦1 2𝑚 −0𝑚 𝑚
𝑣=𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒= = = =1
𝑟𝑢𝑛 𝑥2 − 𝑥1 2𝑠 −0𝑠 𝑠

The position is increasing at an increasing rate. Notice that at the

circled section, the line is horizontal so the slope is zero. Over
(2,2), the slope is 1 and it is increasing.
 v

1m

1S

Graph 11. Velocity vs Time graph

𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑦2 − 𝑦1 1𝑚 −0𝑚 𝑚
𝑣=𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒= = = =1
𝑟𝑢𝑛 𝑥2 − 𝑥1 1𝑠 −0𝑠 𝑠

The velocity which represents the displacement/position-time

graph is increasing. The velocity will increase at a constant rate
which will go from zero to 1 at some point.

1m

Graph 12. Acceleration vs Time graph

The velocity is increasing so acceleration is positive. There is a

constant slope in the velocity-time graph so acceleration is a
straight line.

Learning Competency:

Interpret velocity and acceleration, respectively, as slopes of position vs. time

and velocity vs. time curves (STEM_GP12KIN-Ib-15)
PROBLEM SETS

Activity 1: INTERPRETING GRAPHS

Directions: Interpret the following graphs.
1. Consider the graph below. What is the slope of the graph? Interpret
the slope of the graph.

3m

1s

2. Consider the graph below. What is the slope of the graph? Interpret
the slope of the graph.

1m

5s
3. Consider the graph below. What is the slope of the graph? Interpret
the slope of the graph.

10 m
t

5s

4. Consider the graph below. What is the slope of the graph? Interpret
the slope of the graph.

8m

7s

5. Consider the graph below. What is the slope of the graph? Construct
a velocity-time graph and acceleration-time graph. Interpret each
graph
d

(3,3) 10,3)

t
Activity 2: PROBLEM SOLVING
Directions: Solve the following problems
1. The x-coordinates of an object at time t = 1.00 s and t = 4.00 s are 3.00
m and 5.00 m respectively. Calculate the average velocity of the object
on the time interval t = 1.00 s to 4.00 s. Construct and interpret the
position-time graph, velocity-time graph and acceleration-time graph.

2. Suppose that the velocity of an object at time t seconds is 3t2 – √𝑡 +3 +

𝑚
2 . At t = 0, the position of the object is 7m. What is the position of the
𝑠

object 8 seconds later?

3. A particle moves in a straight line with its position given by the following
equation: x(t) = t4 – 4t3 + 2t2 + 3t + 6.
a. Find its position after 1 second.
b. Find its velocity after 2 seconds.

4. Calculation of the instantaneous velocity at a specific time, given x as a

function of time: The position of an object is x(t) = 1.00 + 2.00 t - 3.00t2,
where x is in meters and t is in seconds. Calculate the instantaneous
velocity of the object at time t =3.00 s.
 5. Calculate the total displacement over a time interval, given the velocity
as a function of time: The velocity of an object is v(t) = 1.00 - 3.00 t 2,
where v is in meters per second and t is in seconds. Calculate the
displacement of the object in the time interval from t = 1.00 s to t =2.00
s.

Activity 3: BRAIN CELL EXERCISE

Directions: Given the graph below, answer the following questions.

t
1. What is the acceleration at point (2,10)? Graph the acceleration time-
graph.

2. What is the acceleration at t = 4? Graph the acceleration time-graph.

3. What is the acceleration at t = 12? Graph the acceleration time-

graph.

4. What is the acceleration at t = 15? Graph the acceleration time-

graph.