Scribd
Upload
124 views14 pages

Network Software Architecture and Its Layers

Network software architecture consists of layers and protocols. Each layer uses a protocol to communicate with its peer layer on other machines. A list of protocols used by a system is called a protocol stack. Connection-oriented services establish circuits to guarantee bandwidth and acknowledge receipt of messages, while connectionless services treat each message independently like postal mail. Network services can be implemented reliably with acknowledgements or unreliably without them. Voice over IP is an example that uses connection-oriented but unreliable service to minimize delays.

Uploaded by

LYF WITH AK KUMAR
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
124 views14 pages

Network Software Architecture and Its Layers

Network software architecture consists of layers and protocols. Each layer uses a protocol to communicate with its peer layer on other machines. A list of protocols used by a system is called a protocol stack. Connection-oriented services establish circuits to guarantee bandwidth and acknowledge receipt of messages, while connectionless services treat each message independently like postal mail. Network services can be implemented reliably with acknowledgements or unreliably without them. Voice over IP is an example that uses connection-oriented but unreliable service to minimize delays.

Uploaded by

LYF WITH AK KUMAR
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

Network

Software Architecture and its


Layers and Protocols
Network Software
• Protocol Hierarchies
• Design Issues for the Layers
• Connection-Oriented and Connectionless Services
• Service Primitives
• The Relationship of Services to Protocols
Network Software
Protocol Hierarchies

• Layers, protocols, and interfaces- Network Architecture


• A protocol is an agreement between the communicating parties
on how communication is to proceed.

• The entities comprising the corresponding layers on different


machines are called peers. The peers may be software processes,
hardware devices, or even human beings. In other words, it is the
peers that communicate by using the protocol to talk to each other.

• A list of the protocols used by a certain system, one protocol per


layer, is called a protocol stack.
Protocol Hierarchies (2)
• The philosopher-translator-secretary architecture.
Protocol Hierarchies (3)
• Example information flow supporting virtual
communication in layer 5.
Design Issues for the Layers

• Addressing or naming
• Error Control
• Flow Control---Congestion
• Statistical Multiplexing
• Routing
• Scalable
• QoS---real time
• Reliability
• Security
Connection-Oriented and Connectionless
Services
• A circuit is another name for a connection with associated
resources, such as a fixed bandwidth.
• This dates from the telephone network in which a circuit was a
path over copper wire that carried a phone conversation.
• In contrast to connection-oriented service, connectionless service
is modeled after the postal system.
• Each message (letter) carries the full destination address, and each
one is routed through the intermediate nodes inside the system
independent of all the subsequent messages.
• Store or forward switching
• Cut through switching
• Each kind of service can further be characterized by its reliability. Some
services are reliable in the sense that they never lose data.

• Usually, a reliable service is implemented by having the receiver


acknowledge the receipt of each message so the sender is sure that it arrived.

• Reliable connection-oriented service has two minor variations: message


sequences and byte streams.

• The acknowledgement process introduces overhead and delays, which are


often worth it but are sometimes undesirable.

• One such application is digitized voice traffic for voice over IP.

• Unreliable (meaning not acknowledged) connectionless service is often


called datagram service.
Connection-Oriented and Connectionless
Services
• Six different types of service.
Voice- over internet is an example of which
service( in layers):
a. Connection-less service
b. Connection –oriented Service
c. Both a and b
Service Primitives

• Six service primitives for implementing a simple


connection-oriented service.
Service Primitives (2)

• Packets sent in a simple client-server interaction


on a connection-oriented network.
Services to Protocols Relationship
• The relationship between a service and a protocol.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy