BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS REPORT

ON

Electric Vehicle the New Era Luxury Wheels: It's

Impact on Environment & Low Temperature Areas
SUBMITTED BY
Bhimratna Bhosale (H 21)
Chandan Kumar (H 22)
Chirag Patil (H 24)
Eshwari kshirsagar (H 27)
Manal Shreyam (H 37)
Monali Meshram (H 40)

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

PROF. PRADIP THOMBARE
SUBMITTED TO
SAVITRIBAI PHULE UNIVERSITY
FOR THE COURSE
MASTERS IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
(2021-2023)

SINHGAD INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT

VADGAON BK, PUNE 411041
 INDEX

Sr. No. TITLE PAGE No.

1
INTRODUCTION

2
SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

3
RESEARCH OJECTIVE

4
LITERATURE REVIEW

5
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

6
DATA ANALYSIS

7
FINDINGS

8
SUGGESTIONS

9
CONCLUSION

10
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 INTRODUCTION

Global Oil depletion & exploitation of natural resources are

quiet hot topics we come across a couple of time in a month
either through news paper, television , radio & books. A lot of
remedies & suggestion for example odd & even system in the
National Capital Territory of INDIA are being prescribed to
reduce it but none of them has succeeded in improving the
environment conditions & ultimately this is leading towards
noise & air pollution seen in the cities like DELHI & KOLKATA. As
various Country's government being aware of the
consequences of noise and air pollution are looking forward to
redefine automobile industry with the help of some
revolutionary technologies. Millions of descriptive research
took place in 21st century in order to look further for non
petroleum technologies & extensive effort of some selected
genius minds gave birth to the eco-friendly transportation
system popularly known as electric vehicle.

Vehicle manufacturers and policy makers are boosting their

attention and actions related to electric vehicles (EVs). EV
technologies such as full battery electric and plug-in hybrid
electric models are attractive options to help reach
environmental, societal and health objectives.
In addition to being two- to four-times more efficient than
conventional internal combustion engine models, EVs can
reduce reliance on oil-based fuels and, if running on low-carbon
power, can deliver significant reductions in greenhouse gas
emissions. Plus, with zero tailpipe emissions, EVs are well
suited to help solve air pollution issues. Moreover, EVs are
driving advances in battery technology – a key issue for
industrial competitiveness in the transition to clean energy.

EV fleets are expanding at a fast pace in several of the world’s

largest vehicle markets. The costs of batteries and EVs are
dropping. Charging infrastructure is expanding. This progress
promotes electrification of transport modes such as two/three-
wheelers, light-duty vehicles (LDVs) (cars and vans), taxis and
shared vehicles, buses and heavy-duty vehicles with short range
requirements such as urban deliveries. Manufacturers are
continuing to expand the number of EV models available to
customers.
 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

Environment Friendly
Less pollution: By choosing to drive an EV you are helping to reduce
harmful air pollution from exhaust emissions. An EV has zero exhaust
emissions, but still creates a degree of greenhouse gas emissions when it
is charged from the electricity grid.

Renewable energy: If you have a solar PV system and charge your EV

during the day, you can reduce your greenhouse gas emissions even
further. Another way is to purchase Green Power from your electricity
retailer. Then, even if you recharge your EV from the electricity grid,
your electricity is coming from renewable energy sources.

Better for our health

Reduced harmful exhaust emissions is good news for our health.
Better air quality will lead to less health problems and costs
caused by air pollution3. EVs are also quieter than petrol/diesel
cars, which means less noise pollution.
Low Maintenance Cost
A Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) has fewer moving parts than
a conventional petrol/diesel car. Servicing is relatively easy, less
frequent and overall cheaper than a petrol/diesel vehicle.
All EV batteries degrade (become less efficient). Most car
manufacturers warrant EV batteries to not degrade below a
certain level for around eight years. It may become necessary to
replace a battery in an EV in the time you own it.
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) also have a petrol
or diesel engine that needs servicing, so a PHEV will cost more
to maintain than a BEV.

Cheaper than Fuel Vehicle

The cost of the electricity required to charge an EV is around
40% less than the cost to use petrol for a similar sized vehicle
driving the same distance1. The cost will be lower if you charge
your EV from your solar PV system or at free charging stations.
 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE

Pollution of the environment is currently a global concern.

Toxic emission from internal combustion engines is one of the
primary air pollutants. In order to mitigate the effects of fossil
fuel emission and address environmental concerns (ECs),
electric vehicles (EVs) are being promoted aggressively all over
the world. Various governments are encouraging people to
switch to EVs by incentivizing the transition. Previous studies
indicate that the high cost of the electric car, non-availability of
charging infrastructure, time and range anxiety act as
impediments to consumer adoption. The Government of India
has given a call for ‘only Electric Vehicles’ on Road by 2030.

Many recent car buyers are discovering the benefits of getting

plug-in electric vehicles (EV), including:
• They have great performance and are fun to drive;
• They are cleaner than gasoline options - even factoring in
upstream emissions of electric generation.
 LITERATURE REVIEW

There are many studies done globally to understand consumer

adoption of EVs. Factors studied are the cost of the EV, driving
distance per charge, time to recharge the battery, availability of
charging points and battery cost. Range anxiety and incentives
offered—both financial and non-financial—are the other
attributes researched in previous studies.

The higher price of EVs could restrain EV adoption. Some

policies related to financial attributes like tax reduction or rebate
are strongly supported by evidence while non-financial
incentives like free parking and toll reduction do not have
enough supporting evidence.
Other barriers for adoption of EVs found were the non-
availability of EVs and lack of EV models. Literature shows
that the lack of knowledge and unqualified car dealership may
discourage EV adoption.
North American and European countries account for most of the
research. The effect of individual-specific variables on EV
adoption requires further research. Studies have shown that
psychological factors have a proven and stable effect. Studies in
India are few, and the focus of this article is on an electric car,
which is nothing but a subset of the EV.
EVs have shallow adoption in India, and most people lack the
experience of handling EVs. Although the initial price to buy an
EV may be higher; the cost of running and maintenance is
relatively low. This is in comparison to the internal combustion
engine propelled vehicles that have a higher running cost.
Perceived economic benefit (PEB) impact on adoption is one of
the variables. As there is a growing awareness of EC, this
variable is also postulated to be influencing the adoption of
EVs. Self-image (IM) and social influence can influence high
involvement products’ adoption. Attitude (ATT) is the
mediating variable with behavioural intention (BI) as the
dependent variable.
➢ Introducing more than 100 years ago, electric vehicles are
seeing a rise in popularity today, for many of the same
reasons they were first popular.
➢ Whether it’s a hybrid, plug-in hybrid or all-electric, the
demand for electric drive vehicles will continue to climb as
prices drop and consumers look for ways to save money at
the pump.
➢ According to a Navigant Research, Currently more than 3
percent of new vehicle sales, electric vehicles sales could to
grow to nearly 7 percent or 6.6 million per year worldwide
by 2020.
➢ In the early part of the century, innovators in Hungary the
Netherlands and the United States including a blacksmith
from Vermont began toying with the concept of a battery
powered vehicle and created some of the first small-scale
electric cars.
➢ Robert Anderson a British inventor developed the first
crude electric carriage. After that French and English
inventors built some of the first practical electric cars.
➢ The U.S. the first successful electric car made its debut
around 1890 thanks to William Morrison a chemist who
lived in Des Moines, Iowa and His six-passenger vehicle
capable of a top speed of 14 miles per hour was little more
than an electrified wagon, but it helped spark interest in
electric vehicles.
➢ The Next few years, electric vehicles from different
automakers began popping up across the U.S. New York
City even had a fleet of more than 60 electric taxis.
➢ In 1900, electric cars at their heyday, accounting for around
a third of all vehicles on the road. During the next 10 years,
they continued to show strong sales.
➢ At the turn of the 20th century, the horse was still the
primary mode of transportation. But as Americans became
more prosperous they turned to the newly invented motor
vehicle available in steam, gasoline or electric versions to
get around.
➢ Ferdinand Porsche founder of the sports car company
developed an electric car in 1898 created the world’s first
hybrid electric car a vehicle that is powered by electricity
and a gas engine.
➢ In 1912, Charles Kettering introduced the electric starter
and eliminating the need for the hand crank and giving rise
to more gasoline-powered vehicle sales. In the end, all
electric vehicles disappeared by 1935.
➢ The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendment and the 1992 Energy
Policy Act plus new transportation emissions regulations
issued by the California Air Resources Board helped create
a renewed interest in electric vehicles in the U.S.
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Place of study-
The purpose of research is to study Electric vehicles and
it’s impact on environment and low temperature areas. The
data is gathered randomly from various age groups and
various professions through survey questionnaire.

Questionnaire:
(1) Are Electric Vehicles better than fuel (petroleum & diesel) vehicles?
(2) Can Electric Vehicles produce similar torque & power as that of fuel
vehicles?
(3) What are your expectations on maximum speed limit in the case of an
EV?
(4) Will EV be more efficient as compared to fuel vehicles?
(5) Should Government provide subsidy for purchasing EV?
(6) Will EV compete with the maintenance cost of petroleum vehicles?
(7) Will the air & noise pollution across the globe be reduced by usage of
EV?
(8) Will the residents of low temperature areas (Jammu & Kashmir &
Himachal Pradesh) where it is difficult to start fuel vehicles will feel
comfortable with EV model?
(9) Is fuel Vehicle really a threat to environment?
(10) Is EV a good option for long route journey?
(11) Do You agree that EV is a Green(eco-friendly) option?
(12) Are you planning to purchase an EV?
Population –
Through questionnaire prepared we are able to get response from
227 people. The main aim of selecting respondents from various
fields is to get opinion from a diverse group of people so that result
can be generalized and evaluated on the vast group of population.
Sampling unit – 227

Place of respondents in graph form

RESPONDENTS
100
90
80 87
70
60
50
40 50
30
20 30
26
10 10 12 12
0
Jharkhand Maharashtra Jammu & Himachal Bihar Gujrat West Bengal
Kashmir Pradesh
 DATA ANALYSIS

Electric Vehicle the New Era Luxury

Wheels: It's Impact on Environment &
Low Temperature Areas
Respected Respondents,

This is a group of first year MBA students going through research work on the above
mentioned topic & we would like your worthy responses in order to make an accurate
survey. Your thoughts and and answers would be much beneficial for our thesis and would
give us a new defined direction to complete the entire valuable process. Please spare a
fraction of your valuable time to fill this form.

Thanks A Million !!

* Required

1. Email *

2. Name *

3. Age

Below 16 Years

16 to 30 Years

31 to 40 Years

41 Years & Above

4. Gender *

Male

Female

Other

5. Occupation*

Student

Govt. Service

Unemployed

Pvt. Service

Entrepreneur

6. Place *

7. Are ElectricVehiclesbetter thanfuel (petroleum &diesel) vehicles? *

Yes

No

8. Can ElectricVehicles produce similar torque & power as that of fuel vehicles? *

Yes

No

Don't know
 9. Can ElectricVehicles produce similar torque & power as that of fuel vehicles? *

Yes

No

Don't know

10. WhatareyourexpectationsonmaximumspeedlimitinthecaseofanEV?*

Mark only one oval.

60 to 70 kmph

71 to 80 kmph

81 to 90 kmph

91 & Above

11. Will EV be more efficient as compared to fuel vehicles? *

Yes

No

May Be

12. Should Government provide subsidy for purchasing EV? *

Yes

No

May Be
13. Willtheair&noisepollutionacrosstheglobebereducedbyusageofEV?*

Strongly agree

Disagree

14. Will the residents of low temperature areas (Jammu & Kashmir & Himachal Pradesh) where it is
difficult to start fuel vehicles will feel comfortable with EV model? *

Yes

No

May be

15. Is fuel Vehicle really a threat to environment? *

Yes

No

May Be
17. Do You agree that EV is a Green(eco-friendly) option? *

Agree

Disagree

May Be

18. Are you planning to purchase an EV? *

Yes
No
May be
Following are the graphical representation of the
responses according to the questionnaire:

Question no. 1 response:

INTERPRETATION:
Among 227 respondents 89% of population claimed that electric
vehicle is better as compared to fuel (petroleum& diesel) vehicles.
Question no. 2 response:

INTERPRETATION:
Among 227 respondents 43.6% of them claimed that EV will produce
same torque & power as that of fuel vehicles.
Question no. 3 response:

INTERPRETATION:
Among 227 respondents we got a mixed responses for maximum
speed limit which has been represented in the above pie chart.

Question no. 4 response:

INTERPRETATION:
Among 227 respondents 58.1% found EV more efficient than fuel
vehicle.
Question no. 5 response

INTERPRETATION:
Among 227 respondents 82.4% agreed that the government should
provide subsidy for an EV.

Question no. 6 response:

INTERPRETATION:
Among 227 respondents 51.5% agreed that EV will compete with the
maintenance cost of fuel vehicle.
Question no. 7 response:

INTERPRETATION:
90.7% of the respondents agreed that by the usage of EV air & noise
pollution will be reduced.

Question no. 8 response:

INTERPRETATION:
55.5% of the population agreed that EV will be beneficial for low
temperature areas & respondents of those area claimed that EV is a
better tool for transportation.
Question no. 9 response:

INTERPRETATION:
70.5% of population agreed that fuel vehicle is an extreme threat to
the environment.

Question no. 10 response:

INTERPRETATION:

We received mixed responses on this question, 46.5% of the

population said that EV is not good for long route journey,
27.4% claimed that EV would be a better option but 26.1% of
the population were in dilemma.
Question no. 11 response:

INTERPRETATION:
83.7 % of the total population agreed that EV is a eco-friendly tool
for transportation.

Question no. 12 response:

INTERPRETATION:
After all the major element of the questionnaire were covered we
tried to judge whether the population is in the favour of purchasing
EV or not. Here also we got a mixed responses ie 45.8% agreed to
purchase it & 18.9% disagreed to buy. Rest of the population was in
dilemma.
 FINDINGS

Electric vehicle sales are growing quickly, yet they still only
account for a small fraction of the cars on the road. But that
could soon change. We look at the global EV landscape,
barriers to adoption, and the brands to watch.
The race for the electric car is well underway.
Ever since the 2008 release of the Tesla Roadster — the first
mass-produced highway-legal electric vehicle (EV) powered
by a lithium-ion battery — automakers, from General Motors
to Toyota, have been rushing to launch their own electric cars.
Technical limitations, production challenges, and consumer
uncertainty have all had a role to play in hampering the
industry’s development. But with technical capabilities
improving, production costs trending down, and a society-
wide demand for sustainable solutions, the EV’s moment may
have arrived.
 SUGGESTION

By uncovering the gaps and emerging trends across the EV

ecosystem from data, technologies, standards, security and
ethics in previous chapters, two key themes have emerged
from our research as potential enablers for enhancing the
user experience by 2025: EV knowledge dissemination and
market interventions and achieving open data and
standardisation. Specific recommendations under each of
these themes are discussed below. In addition, for ease of
reference, the recommendations are summarised and laid
out on a time scale in the Executive Summary section

Fleet operators could have a large impact on early EV

adoption. Fleet operators should be provided with tools,
information and incentives required to switch their fleets to
EVs. Potential solutions / actions: Government, EV
manufacturers and charging infrastructure providers could
work together to: 1. better understand the needs of
organisations, the infrastructure required to support EV
adoption and barriers to implementation. This could include
data collection which could be made available to innovators
and researchers 2. push information to organisations 3. offer
bespoke advice to large fleet operators 4. create public or
private sector logistics EV testbeds to build on the work of
current testbeds such as Optimise Prime, for example by
targeting major hubs such as ports, other future industrial EV
fleet environments, or last mile delivery
 Conclusion

To successfully deliver an excellent user experience for EV

users, the Plugin Vehicle 2025 Stakeholder Success Vision
recognises that by fostering an ecosystem on the topic of EV
adoption can provide a platform for inspiring the UK market
to respond by providing innovation solutions and services
which can contribute to enhancing the EV user experience.
Despite some of the key challenges with user experiences
expressed today, early adopters frequently report that they
would not want to go back to driving an ICE vehicle and the
last four years have seen a remarkable surge in demand for
EVs in the UK with new registrations of plug-in cars increasing
from 3,500 in 2013 to more than 195,000 by the end of
January 2019. Although the uptake is increasing and
predicted to continue doing so, the user journey experience
could be enhanced. Our research conducted to date is
intended to shed light on some of the key barriers and
highlight enablers that might contribute towards enhancing
the EV user experience and foster ongoing collaboration with
various actors within the EV ecosystem. The Catapult centres
are overseen by Innovate UK and are places where the best
of the UK’s innovative businesses and researchers work
together to bring new products and services more quickly to
commercialisation. Focusing on areas with great market
potential, Catapults open up global opportunities for the UK,
generate economic growth and ready to help address the
challenges and realise the opportunities associated with the
electrification of transport.
 Bibliography

(1) Books on research methods book

(2) The EV conversion Hand book
(3) Electric Vehicle Engineering book
(4) Wikipedia.com
(5) Google.com
(6) A.K. Babu a book on EV & hybrid vehicles

(7) DIY Lithium Batteries: How to Build Your Own Battery

Packs
(8) Electric & Hybrid Vehicles