ECO DRIFT:

Floating towards a greener tomorrow with EV

 OBJECTIVES:
● To provide insight into how EV’s can contribute to
sustainable transportation.

● To integrate EV’s into modern transportation systems with

efficient and intelligent navigation.

● To explore the advancements in Ev tech that is reshaping

the automobile industry and driving the transition towards
a greener and smarter future.
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● Highlight the benefits of EVs for creating a greener

transportation system.
 Contents

➔ Introduction 04
Keeping It Cheap 09
Charging Infrastructure 10
Keeping It Green 12
Impact on Environment 13
Conclusion 15
 INTRODUCTION
What is an electric vehicle?
There are four main types:
• battery electric vehicles (BEVs)
• plug in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs)
• range extended electric vehicles
• hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
● BEVs are 100% battery powered and are often called ‘zero emission’
vehicles as they have no exhaust fumes.
● PHEVs are still low emission because they use electric drive(device
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used to control the output of a motor) for low speed, short range
journeys.
● Range extenders still use 100% electric drive but use an on board
internal combustion engine as an electricity generator to achieve
longer distances.
 Types of Battery
1.Lithium Ions
-Lithium-ion Rechargeable batteries is one of the most used and widespread
batteries used by electric vehicles nowadays.
-It has high specific energy, and also has a relatively greater travel distance,
which is about three times greater than the mileage of the lead acid battery.

2.Solid-state batteries
-Solid-type use thin layers of solid electrolytes that carry lithium ions
between electrodes.

3.Battery Management System

-A Battery Management System (BMS), which manages the electronics of a
rechargeable battery, whether a cell or a battery pack, thus becomes a
crucial factor in ensuring electric vehicle safety.
At high levels of fleet replacement, EVs also have
significant effects on air pollution.
None of the benefits of EVs can be taken for granted
though. In order for EVs to be ‘incredible’, they need to
be:
• cheap to charge
• full of green energy M

• fair to other consumers

• support the INDIAN Economy
 Keeping It Cheap

What is a smart meter?

-Smart meters are the new type of gas and electricity meter
that automatically send meter readings to energy suppliers.
-They ensure accurate energy bills and the portable in-home
display (IHD) provides consumers in near real time with
energy cost information.
-New tariffs will offer customers with smart meters and EVs
better ways of managing their energy use.
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-With a smart meter installed, energy suppliers can reward

drivers for charging during low price periods and the savings
can be passed onto their individual bills.
 Charging Infrastructure
1.Public Charging Stations
-Public Charging stations are essential for long-distance
travel and convenient charging in urban areas.

2.Fast Charging Stations

-Fast Charging stations allows for rapid charging,by
reducing the charging time significantly

3.Home Charging Stations

-Installing home charging stations provides convenient and
cost-effective charging options for ev-owners
 Keeping It Green
-Electric vehicles contribute towards lowering pollution
levels Sustainable Development, which ultimately results in
an improvement in the air quality seen in urban areas.
- In addition to this, operating a vehicle powered solely by
electricity results in zero emissions of carbon dioxide, which
contributes to the general reduction of pollution in the air.
-EVs does no emissions in turn, makes them better for the
environment and causes them to emit less pollution
compared to traditional petrol-powered vehicles.
-The use of electricity from the grid to power the motors of
electric cars is a mode of propulsion that is substantially
more efficient than the use of petrol by an internal
combustion engine.
 Impact on Environment
POSITIVE IMPACTS
-EVs have no tailpipe emissions that contribute to air pollution.
-EVs are relatively quiet, so they do not contribute to noise
pollution.
-EVs do not use engine oil, which is generally bad for the
environment.
-EV brake pads are different so they “don’t corrode, crumble,
and fail prematurely” thus requiring expensive maintenance.
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-EV manufacturers traditionally try to use eco-friendly

materials whenever possible.
-EV chargers, when powered by renewable energy sources,
have less impact on the environment and its natural resources
than traditional gas stations.
-No transportation is required to get the “fuel” to the chargers,
unlike a gas station’s need to transport fuel
NEGATIVE IMPACTS
-EV chargers generally rely on electricity from power
plants, which still use fossil fuels.
-EV battery production can adversely impact the
environment, such as a loss of biodiversity, air pollution
and decreased freshwater supply.
-EV batteries consist of materials like nickel, lithium, cobalt
and others, which are energy-intensive to mine.
-EV battery recycling methods are still in their early
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stages,but they are not specifically designed to be

recycled
-EV tires wear out faster due to the heavier weight and
increased torque of the vehicle.
 CASESTUDY
In order to encourage electric driving, the Dutch government has introduced
various tax incentives (see Table 1), such as total exemption from registration
fees and road taxes for electric vehicles, which are to be retained for
zero-emissions vehicles until 2024 (NEA, 2019A). The initial increase in the
number of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles between 2012 and 2014 was linked to
tax incentives targeted at company cars (CBS, 2018), but after these incentives
were phased out the number of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles has remained
approximately constant, cf. Figure 1.4 Even if these incentives have lowered the
cost of electric vehicles relative to conventional counterparts, their power is
substantially weaker than in Norway, cf. Figure 3. Specifically, in Norway the
total cost of ownership of electric vehicles is approximately half of the
corresponding conventional vehicles, whereas in The Netherlands the cost
ranges from three-quarters to almost the same as for the corresponding
conventional vehicle.
CASESTUDY
 CONCLUSION

Electric vehicles (EVs) are a sustainable alternative to

conventional vehicles that run on fossil fuels and emit
harmful pollutants. EVs have various advantages such as
reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving air quality,
enhancing energy security, and lowering operating
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costs.EVs have the potential to transform the transportation

sector and create a positive impact on the environment,
economy, and society
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 TEAM-
ABHINAV H.S
AKASH G.N
AKASH G PATIL
AMRUTHA G