A PROJECT REPORT ON

“ANALYSIS OF BANEBOT
MOTOR ”
SUBMITTED BY

Prachi Patil (BE20S02F007)

Under the Guidance of

Prof. Ali Sir

(Department of Mechanical
Engineering) in partial
fulfillment of
In Mechanical Engineering

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DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(NBA Accredited)
GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
AURANGABAD
(AN AUTONOUMS OF GOVT OF MAHARASHTRA)
YEAR 2021-2022

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111
GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING AURANGABAD
(AN AUTONOUMS OF GOVT OF MAHARASHTRA)

CERTIFICATE

This is certify that the project title “ANALYSIS OF GEAR” has been
completed in academic year 2021-2022, by

Name Enrollment Signature

No.
PRACHI BE20SO2F007
RAHUL
PATIL

in partial fulfillment of Diploma in Mechanical

Engineering as prescribed.

Prof. Ali Sir DR. A. NIKALJE Sir

Project Guide Head of Department

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Place: Aurangabad Date:

4
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We have great pleasure in presenting this project report entitled

“ANALYSIS OF GEAR AND MESHED GEAR” for partial

fulfillment of the engineering in Mechanical Engineering. We take this

opportunity to express our deep sense of gratitude towards our guide

Prof. Ali sir Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government

College Of Engineering Aurangabad, for his well- formulated and

indispensable guidance in the completion of this report, without which

this would not have been possible.

We extend our sincere thanks to Dr.A.M. NIKALJE (Head of

Mechanical Engg.

Department) for extending all kinds of co- operation during the course.

We express my sincere thanks to the supporting staff of

Mechanical Department and Library faculty of Govt. college of

engineering We express our special thanks to our parents and all

friends for their co-operation during the Analysis.

Lastly, we are thankful to all those who have helped us directly

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or indirectly to complete this project work.

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ABSTRACT

This report explores a methodology for the analysis of load distribution

and contact stress on gear teeth, which utilizes a combination of closed

form solutions and two- dimensional finite element methods, within a

constraint-based knowledge-based environment, is presented. Once the

design parameters are specified, the complete process of generating the

analysis model, starting from the determination of the coordinates of

the tooth profile, the creation of a sector of the mating gear teeth,

automatic mesh generation, boundary conditions and loading, is totally

automated

and transparent to the designer. The effects of non-standard geometry,

load sharing on the contact zone, friction and root stresses are easily

included in the model. The Finite Element Method (FEM) based

results compare favorably with those obtained from closed form

solutions (AGMA equations and classical Hertzian contact solution).

The advantage of the approach rests in the ability to modify any of the

gear design parameters such as diametral pitch, tooth profile

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modification etc., in an automated manner along with obtaining a

better estimation of the risks of failure of the gear design on hand. The

procedure may be easily extended to other types of gearing systems.

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 INDEX

CHA TIT PAGE

PT LE NO.
ER
NO
1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3
2 ABSTRACT 4
3 INTRODUCTION 6
4
7
9
10
11
4 15
5 16
6 17
7 18
8 19

Introduction:-

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Electric motor: A motor is a device which converts electrical energy into mechanical
energy.
Principle of motor : A motor works on the principle that when a rectangular coil is
placed in a magnetic field and current is passed through it. A force acts on the coil
which rotates it continuously.
Construction and Working of motor:
1. When electric current is passed into the rectangular coil, this current produces a
magnetic field around the coil.
2. The magnetic field of horse shoe-type magnet then interacts with the magnetic
field of the coil and causes the coil to rotate continuously.
3. If ABCD is in horizontal position current from battery enters the coil through
brush B1, and commutator half ring C: The current flows in the direction
ABCD
and the current flows in the direction ABCD
and leaves via ring and brush B2
4. The direction of current is from A to B, the direction of current is from C to D.
The force on side AB of the coil is in the downward direction. Whereas the
force on the side CD of the coil is in the upward direction. ABCD rotate in
anti-clockwise direction.
5. While rotating when the coil reaches vertical position then the
brushes B1 and B2 will touch the gap between the commutator rings and
current to the coil is cut off. But the coil does not stop rotating because it has
already gained momentum.
6. The coil CD comes on the left side and AB comes to the right side. Again they
come in contact with brush B1 Current direction is reversed.
7. The reversing of current in the coil is repeated after every half rotation due to
which the coil continues to rotate as long as current from the batter is passed
through it. The rotating shaft of electric motor can drive a large number of
machines which are connected to it.

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DC Motor Construction
Principle of Operation
Electric
Induced emfmachines can be classified in terms of their energy conversion charact
in the Armature
Generators convert mechanical energy from a prime mover
Torque
(e.g., an Terminal
Armature internal Voltage
combustion engine) to electrical form.
Methods of Connection
Examples
Shunt WoundofDCgenerators
Motor are those used in power-generating plants, or automotive altern
Motors
Series convert
Wound DCelectrical
Motor energy to mechanical form.
Electric motors
Separately Excitedprovide forces and torques to generate motion in countless industrial ap
DC Motor
For Example Machine tools, robots, punches, presses, mills, and propulsion system
vehicles are but a few examples of the application of electric machines in engineering.

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  The rotor and stator each consist of
 Magnetic core,
 Electrical insulation, and
 Windings necessary to establish a magnetic flux (unless this is
created by a permanent magnet).
 The rotor is mounted on a bearing-supported shaft, which can be connected
to:
 Mechanical loads (functioning as a motor), or
 A prime mover (functioning as a generator) by means of belts,
pulleys, chains, or other mechanical couplings.
 The windings carry electric currents that generate magnetic fields
(By virtue of Faraday’s law
 When a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, the
conductor experiences a mechanical force.
 Direction is given by Flemings left hand rule ( F- B; S-I; T- M)
 Magnitude is F=B.I.L
Consider a motor with one pair of poles, an armature with a single conductor coil
and a commutator with only two segments,

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If is field current supplied to the field winding to establish the main field between
the poles N and S.
Ia is armature current via the carbon brushes. This current produces magnetic fields
around the armature conductors
Consider a motor with one pair of poles, an armature with a single conductor coil
and a commutator with only two segments,
If is field current supplied to the field winding to establish the main field between
the poles N and S.
Ia is armature current via the carbon brushes. This current produces magnetic fields
around the armature conductor
 As the coil rotates an emf is induced in each conductor which opposes the
externally supplied armature current, Ia.
 The external supply must overcome this emf if the machine is to continue
motoring and deliver mechanical power through its shaft.
 Faraday’s Law states that the
emf induced in a conductor = rate of change of flux linkages
 Taken over a period of time
Average emf induced in conductor = total flux linkage
total time of linkage
So, When conductor 1 is close to N-pole:
Total flux emanating from that pole = 
Average emf induced in conductor1 = total flux linkage
total time of linkage
Therefore, if the coil rotating at n rev sec-1
Each conductor will be close to a particular pole 2n times per rotation
Each conductor will link with its magnetic flux for sec per rotation
 Number of poles affects the induced emf
 Machines have several pairs of poles.
 For a machine with p pole pairs, the average emf in each conductor is
given by:
 average emf induced = total flux per pole
in a conductor total time conductor is under a pole
 The figure represents an equivalent circuit of an armature
 E is the induced emf
 Ra is the armature resistance
 The armature terminal voltage is given by:
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V =E+I R
a a a

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12/17/21, 4:27 PM Analysis of gear 1

Analysis of gear 1

tity Size
Nodes 17297

ELEMENT TYPE:

Connectivity Statistics

TE 68016
4 ( 100.00% )

ELEMENT QUALITY:

Criterion Good Poor Bad

Wor Avera
st ge
Stretch 68011 ) 5 ( 0.01% ) 0 ( 0.00% 0.27 0.613
( 99.99% ) 4
Aspect 61229 ) 6768 19 5.55 1.959
Ratio ( 90.02% ( 9.95% ) ( 0.03% ) 8

Materials.1

Material Steel
Young's modulus

2e+0l1N_m2
Poisson's ratio 0.266
Density

7860kg_m3
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Coefficient of thermal expansion 1.17e-

005_Kdeg
Yield strength 2.5e+008N_m2

Static Case

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Boundary Conditions

Figure 1

STRUCTURE Computation

Number of nodes 17297

Number of elements 68016
Number of D.O.F. 51891
Number of Contact relations 0
Number of Kinematic relations 0

Linear tetrahedron68016
Name: Restraints.1 Number of S.P.C : 993

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ion

R
E
S
T
R
A
I
N
T

C
o
m
p
u
t
a
t
i
o
n

L
O
A
D
C
o
m
p
u
t
a
t
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Name: Loads.1

Applied load resultant

Fx = 3 . 7l1e-
017 N Fy = 7 .
566e-017 N Fz =
-4 . 093e-018 N
Mx = -3 . 994e-018
Nxm My = -3 .
064e-019 Nxm
Mz = 2 . 3lle-018 Nxm

STIFFNESS Computation

Number of lines 51891

Number of coefficients 969213
Number of blocks 2
Maximum number of coefficients per bloc 499990
Total matrix size 11 . 29 Mb

SINGULARITY Computation
Restraint: Restraints.1

Number of local singularities 0

Number of singularities in translation : 0
Number of singularities in rotation 0
Generated constraint type : MPC

CONSTRAINT Computation
Restraint: Restraints.1

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Number of constraints 993

Number of coefficients 0
Number of factorized constraints 993
Number of coefficients 0
Number of deferred constraints 0

FACTORIZED Computation

Method SPARSE
Number of factorized degrees50898

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Number of super nodes 2781

Number of overhead 241524
indices
Number of coefficients : 9309405
Maximum front width 879
Maximum front size 386760
Size of the factorized 71 . 0251
matrix (Mb)
Number of blocks 5
Number of Flop’s for 3 . 243e+003
factorization
Number of Flop’s for 3 749e+001
solve
Minimum relative pivot 6 746e-002

Minimum and maximum pivot

Value Nod x (mm) y (mm) z (mm)

T e
4.9880e+0 y 2232 1.6074e+ 1.9487e+0 -
07 001 00 4.9413e+0
T
01
y
2.9348e+0 201 0.0000e+ - -
09 000 2.8463e+0 3.8768e+0
01 01

Minimum pivot

Value Nod x (mm) y (mm) z (mm)

e
5.1198e+0 Ty 955 7.4070e+ - 4.8891e+00
07 3 000 1.0530e+0 1
01
5.6629e+0 Ty 1429 7.6339e+ - -
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07 2 000 8.0171e+0 3.4096e+00

00 1
5.7418e+0 Tx 767 1.6074e+ 3.6000e+0 2.2000e+00
07 7 001 01 1
5.7520e+0 Ty 767 1.6074e+ 3.6000e+0 2.2000e+00
07 7 001 01 1
5.8199e+0 Ty 1420 4.5515e+ - -
07 4 000 3.6666e+0 1.8248e+00
01 1
5.8401e+0 Tx 1420 4.5515e+ - -
07 4 000 3.6666e+0 1.8248e+00
01 1
5.8610e+0 Ty 1238 4.3591e+ 8.8590e+0 1.3028e+00
07 3 000 00 1
5.8843e+0 Tx 1133 7.6681e+ 2.3613e+ 3.4899e+00
07 7 000 001 1
6.0838e+0 Tz 1281 1.2046e+ 1.9917e+0 1.5015e-
07 2 001 01 001

Translational pivot distribution

Value Percentage
10.E7 --> 10.E8 2.0826e-
001

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10.E8 --> 10.E9

6.5435e+001
10.E9 --> 10.E10

3.4357e+001

DIRECT METHOD Computation

Name: Static Case

Solution.1 Restraint:

Restraints.1

Load: Loads.1

Strain Energy :

7.242e-012 J

Equilibrium

Compone Applied Reaction Residu Relative

Forces Magnitude
nts s al
Error
Fx (N) 3.7107e- -4.4989e- -4.1278e- 3.6610e-013
017 016 016
Fy (N) 7.5664e- -5.3622e- -4.6056e- 4.0847e-013
017 016 016
Fz (N) -4.0929e- -2.0005e- -2.0414e- 1.8106e-013
018 016 016
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Mx -3.9938e- -4.6688e- -8.6626e- 1.4766e-013

(Nxm) 018 018 018
My -3.0636e- 9.7707e- 9.4644e- 1.6132e-013
(Nxm) 019 018 018
Mz 2.3107e- -5.0653e- 1.8042e- 3.0753e-014
(Nxm) 018 019 018

Static Case Solution.1 - Deformed mesh.1

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Figure 2

On deformed mesh ---- On boundary Over all the model

Static Case Solution.1 - Von Mises stress (nodal

values).2

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Von Mises stress (nodal

values).2 N_m 2
200
180
160
140
120
100
80.1
60.1
40.1
20.1
0.0422
On Boundary

Figure 3
3D elements: : Components: : All

On deformed mesh ---- On boundary Over all the model

Static Case Solution.1 - Von Mises stress (nodal

values).1

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Von Mises stress (nodal

values).1 N_m 2
200
180
160
140
120
100
80.1
60.1
40.1
20.1
0.0422
On Boundary

Figure 4
3D elements: : Components: : All

On deformed mesh ---- On boundary Over all the model

Global Sensors

Senso e Sensor ue
Na V
Energy 0
J
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12/17/21, 2:59 PM Transmission Gear

Transmission Gear

MESH:

Entity Size
Nodes 50390
Elements

211303

ELEMENT TYPE:

Connectivity Statistics
TE 211303
4 ( 100.00% )

ELEMENT QUALITY:

Materials.1

Static Case

1/8
12/17/21, 2:59 PM Transmission Gear

Boundary Conditions

Figure 1

STRUCTURE Computation

Number of 16794
nodes Number
of elements
Number of
D.O.F.
Number of Contact
relations Number of
Kinematic relations

Linear tetrahedron :
211303

Name: Restraints.1

Number of S.P.C :

2/8
12/17/21, 2:59 PM Transmission Gear

5 putation
0
3
9
0
:
LOAD
2 Computation
1
1
3
0
3
1
5
1
1
7
0
0
0

R
E
S
T
R
A
I
N
T

C
o
m
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12/17/21, 2:59 PM Transmission Gear

Name: Loads.1

Applied load resultant

Fx = -1 . 702e-
016 N Fy = -5 .
236e-016 N Fz =
4 . 929e-015 N
Mx = 4 . 623e-017
Nxm My = 3 .
875e-016 Nxm Mz
= 1 . 578e-018
Nxm

STIFFNESS Computation

Number of lines 151170

Number of coefficients :
2887311 Number of blocks 6
Maximum number of coefficients per bloc: 499998
Total matrix size 33 . 62 Mb

SINGULARITY Computation
Restraint: Restraints.1

Number of local singularities 0

Number of singularities in translation: 0
Number of singularities in rotation 0
Generated constraint type : MPC

CONSTRAINT Computation

4/8
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Restraint: Restraints.1

Number of constraints 16794

Number of coefficients 0
Number of factorized constraints 16794
Number of coefficients 0
Number of deferred constraints 0

FACTORIZED Computation

Method SPARSE
Number of factorized degrees134376

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12/17/21, 2:59 PM Transmission Gear

Number of super nodes 5114

Number of overhead 554991
indices
Number of coefficients : 29744691
Maximum front width 1272
Maximum front size 809628
Size of the factorized 226 . 934
matrix (Mb)
Number of blocks 1
5
Number of Flop’s for 1 . 313e+004
factorization
Number of Flop’s for 1 197e+002
solve

Minimum and maximum pivot

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7/8
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8/8
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9/8
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